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ID: 65391
Title: An Overview Of Various Treatment Processes Of Dairy Wastewater
Author: Suman Mishra, S. K. Bindhani and H. M. Jena
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 686-692 2021.
Subject: An Overview Of Various Treatment Processes Of Dairy Wastewater
Keywords: Dairy wastewater, Physico-chemical treatment, Biological treatment, Advanced treatment
Abstract: In the present scenario, the consumption of milk and its products is increasing day to day due to the increase in population for which a number of dairy industry is growing every year. It requires a huge amount of water for the processing purpose which produces plenty of wastewater containing a number of pollutants, such as organics, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sulphur, phosphorous and nitrogen, discharged in the open field. It becomes a challenge to get the usable water by removing these pollutants from this wastewater and make it fit for cultivation. The process for the treatment of wastewater generated from the milk processing plant has been described and discussed. Characterization of dairy wastewater with respect to various inorganic and organic constituents presents therein and the consequent harmful health effects have been highlighted. Different treatment techniques for environmentally acceptable disposal of wastewater have been presented. A few recent techniques being developed for the treatment have also been highlighted.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Thete, B. S. and N. P. Shinkar. 2013. Dairy industry wastewater sources, characteristics and its effects on environment. Int. J. Current Eng. Tech., 3(5): 1611-1615. Kolhe, A. S., et al. 2009. Effluent of dairy technology. Shodh, Samiksha Mulyankan (Int. Res. J.). 2 (5): 459-461.
Literature cited 2: Kolhe, A. S. and V. P. Pawar. 2011. Physico-chemical analysis of effluents from dairy industry. Recent Res. Sci. Tech., 3(5): 29-32. Enb, A., et al. 2009. Chemical composition of raw milk and heavy metals behaviour during processing of milk products. Global Veterinaria. 3(3): 268-275.

ID: 65390
Title: A Novel Two-Stage Invertebrate Biofilter Design To Treat Wastewater
Author: Sakshi Gulia, Sarabjeet Kaur and Rahul Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 681-685 2021.
Subject: A Novel Two-Stage Invertebrate Biofilter Design To Treat Wastewater
Keywords: Biofilter, Eisenia fetida, Lamnellidens marginalis, Wastewater, Reactor
Abstract: Water treatment is a prime thrust area of research these days. A number of techniques have been developed to optimize water treatment practices. Approximately 7300 m3 of wastewater and sludge is generated annually in India and most of it is disposed into the rivers as such. There are significant types of wastewater treatment filters, like trickling filter, horizontal rock filter in a polluted stream, granular activated carbon (GAC) or sand filter. In the present research, the wastewater filtering potential of mollusc and annelid is explored. A small invertebrate biofiltration setup was constructed by using different substrates (gravels, ash, peels) aided with local mollusc (L. marginalis) and earthworm (E. fetida). Alongside another setup prepared with the same layers but without aiding invertebrates was considered as a control to analyse the filtration potential of invertebrates. Four respective filtration cycles were considered to observe changes in chemical parameters. There was a significant increase in pH (9.04% compared to control). Invertebrate filter caused a significant decrease in the level of EC, TDS and hardness. Results thus suggested that an integrated invertebrate filtration system is more efficient in treating wastewater. However, a preliminary idea to use invertebrates for wastewater treatment is developed through this work. Further detailed studies to fix the role of each group in filtration, density-based filtration rate and examination of other crucial parameters are areas which are still unexplored.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chaudhary, D. S., et al. 2003. Biofilter in water and wastewater treatment. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(6): 1054-1065. Suthar, S. 2009. Vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). J. Hazard. Mater., 163(1): 199-206.
Literature cited 2: Hao, X. and C. Chang. 2003. Does long-term heavy cattle manure application increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta. Agric. Ecosystems Env., 94(1): 89-103. Suthar, S. 2010. Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation process: Comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecol. Eng., 36(5): 703-712.

ID: 65389
Title: Removal Of A Dye From The Textile Industry By Adsorption On Natural Pozzolana
Author: Miloud Hamadache, Samir Bekheira, Zohra Dali-Youcef and Beloufa Nabil
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 673-680 2021.
Subject: Removal Of A Dye From The Textile Industry By Adsorption On Natural Pozzolana
Keywords: Natural pozzolana, Yellow dye G, Adsorption isotherms, Kinetics study, Thermodynamic study
Abstract: In the present work, study of the adsorption of the yellow dye G (azo type) which is found in the discharges of a textile factory ENADITEX of the industrial zone of wilaya of Oran, Algeria on pozzolana which is a natural and easily available adsorbent was conducted. Experimental results showed that the adsorption of the yellow dye G on pozzolana showed a removal rate of 78.80% for a maximum time of 60 min at initial pH (13.09) and room temperature. The study of isotherms revealed that both Freundlich and Temkin models fit well with the process of dye adsorption. The kinetic data were modelled by the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations and reveal that the adsorption of the yellow dye G is governed by the second order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicates that the adsorption process is of spontaneous physical and endothermic nature.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Khan, A. J., et al. 2020. Mesoporous silica MCM-41, SBA-15 and derived bridged polysilsesquioxane SBA-PMDA for the selective removal of textile reactive dyes from wastewater. J. Molecular Liquids. 298. Rehman, F., A. Rahim and C. Airoldi. 2016. Preparation and characterization of glycidyl-methacry-lateorgano bridges grafted mesoporous silica SBA-15 as ibuprofen and mesalamine carrier for controlled release. Mater. Sci. Eng., 59: 970-979.
Literature cited 2: Carmen, Z. and S. Daniela. 2012. Textile organic dyes – Characteristics, polluting effects and separation/elimination procedures from industrial effluents – A critical overview. Organic pollutants ten years after the Stockholm convention – Environmental and analytical update. DOI: 10.5772/32373. Natali, F., et al. 2011. Removal of Remazol Black B textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Desalination. 269: 92-103.

ID: 65388
Title: Pilot Plant Of SHEFROL Phytoremediation Technology For Treating Greywater Of A Typical Indian Village
Author: M. A. Bhat, Tasneem Abbasi and S. A. Abbasi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 668-672 2021.
Subject: Pilot Plant Of SHEFROL Phytoremediation Technology For Treating Greywater Of A Typical Indian Village
Keywords: Greywater, Water hyacinth, Salvinia, Treatment, SHEFROL bioreactor
Abstract: The appropriateness of a recently patented phytoremediation technology based on a sheet flow root level (SHEFROL®) bioreactor was tested by installing and operating a pilot plant in a typical Indian village (Chinnakalapet, Puducherry). The system was able to handle significant diurnal variations in greywater inflows and strength with remarkable robustness. It reduced suspended solids, chemical and biological oxygen demands and total Kjeldahl nitrogen of the greywater to the extents of 96.1±1.5, 79.8±3.3, 77.7±0.4 and 41.8±3.9% at hydraulic retention time of just 2.2±0.3 hr. The treated water met the standards of discharge on land set by India’s Central Pollution Control Board.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Narain, S. and P. Pandey. 2012. Excreta matters: State of India’s environment: A citizens report (series 7). Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi. Narain, S., C. Bhushan and R. Mahapatra. 2016. State of India’s environment (1st edn): A down to earth annual. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
Literature cited 2: Abbasi, S. A., S. Gajalakshmi and T. Abbasi. 2012. Zero waste generating, zero chemical using, high rate wastewater treatment system- SHEFROL®. J. Patent Office. 5: 7611. Abbasi, S. A. and S. M. Tauseef. 2018a. Rapid treatment of greywater (household sewage) by terrestrial weed Achyranthes aspera in SHEFROL® reactors. Env. Progress Sustainable Energy. 38(2): 467-476.

ID: 65387
Title: Sequential Extraction Of Heavy Metals In Soils Evolving From Dumping Of Municipal Solid Wastes
Author: Pravas Kumar Jee and Asoke Prasun Chattopadhyay
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 663-667 2021.
Subject: Sequential Extraction Of Heavy Metals In Soils Evolving From Dumping Of Municipal Solid Wastes
Keywords: Dhapa, Municipal solid waste, Heavy metals, Sequential extraction, Bioavailability
Abstract: Twenty five sub-surface soil samples collected from agricultural fields, used to cultivate local vegetables adjoining the open municipal solid waste dumpsite in Dhapa of Kolkata town, were analyzed for some heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cr) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis of the aqua regia digestion for total metal showed an average concentration of Cu (465.32±7.6 ppm), Pb (679.09±5.78 ppm), Mn (987.35±8.84 ppm), Zn (1982.37±10.52 ppm), Ni (67.39±4.21 ppm) and Cr (595.61±6.28 ppm). The concentration of Cr, Pb and Zn in the soil evolved from solid waste dumping was exceptionally high in comparison to the Indian compost standard. Sequential extraction studies were also carried out for the metals using Tessier method [1]. Most of the Cr, Pb and Ni were found to be associated with the residual fraction whereas Zn and Mn were more in the reducible phase. Cu was found to be present more in the oxidizable phase. The bioavailability order (sum of exchangeable and acid extractable phase) of metals was Ni > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr. The recovery obtained by comparing the aqua regia extracted metal content with the sum of sequentially extracted fractions was in the range of 101–108%.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tessier, A. and P.G.C. Campbell. 1998. Metal speciation: Theory, analysis and applications. Ed J. R. Kramer and H. E. Allen. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea. USEPA. 2002. Municipal solid waste. Available at http://www.USEPA/municipalwaste/publication.net
Literature cited 2: Lottermoser, W., et al. 1985. The toxic effects of solid wastes are known to be greatly influenced by their heavy metal contents. Das, A. K., et al. 1995. Metal speciation in solid matrices. Talanta. 42: 1007-1030.

ID: 65386
Title: Physico-Chemical Analysis And Comparative Assessment Of Groundwater And Surface Water In Mumbai
Author: Ashok Yashwant Thirukonda and Saumya Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 658-662 2021.
Subject: Physico-Chemical Analysis And Comparative Assessment Of Groundwater And Surface Water In Mumbai
Keywords: Physico-chemical analysis, Groundwater, Surface water, Water quality, Water pollution
Abstract: The study was carried out to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities mainly industrial activities on groundwater and surface water quality around Babrekar Nagar in Kandivali West, Mumbai. The water quality was assessed in terms of physico-chemical parameters. Groundwater (from the open well) and surface water (from pond) samples were collected from Babrekar Nagar in the month of April 2019. The physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, TDS, hardness, chloride concentration and BOD were determined as per the standard methods mentioned in APHA [1]. Analysis of data was done to detect any sign of deterioration in the groundwater and surface water quality. The results were compared with the drinking water quality standard (IS 10500) [2]. It was found from laboratory investigation that both groundwater and surface water were contaminated at sampling sites. This study will help to demarcate the polluted source so that suitable measures can be taken in reducing water pollution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: APHA. 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (20th edn). American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. IS 10500. 2012. Drinking water-specification (2nd revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
Literature cited 2: Ramakrishnaiah, C. R., C. Sadashivaiah and G. Ranganna. 2009. Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur taluk, Karnataka, India. J. Chem., 6(2): 523-530. Devi, S. and R. Premkumar. 2012. Physico-chemical analysis of groundwater samples near industrial area, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Int. J. ChemTech Res., 4(1): 29-34.

ID: 65385
Title: Environmental Assessment And Institutional Ecology Tools: Exploring Integrative Approaches
Author: Vaishnavi Devi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 649-657 2021.
Subject: Environmental Assessment And Institutional Ecology Tools: Exploring Integrative Approaches
Keywords: Environmental impact assessment, Term of references, State expert appraisal committee (SEAC)
Abstract: Rapid industrialization and population explosion in India have led to the migration of peoples from villages to cities which increase human settlement in the world’s growing cities and towns. This generates several issues with regard to the environment. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is becoming a very important study before commissioning any project plan or development in our country. In order to study either its beneficial or harmful effect; evaluation of any project through EIA has become a must. Indian construction industry is rapidly growing at a rate of 9.2% as against the world average of 5.5%. Undertaking EIA for the construction industry and improving site management can reduce environmental impacts both on and off-site [1]. Several agencies use procedures for EIA of construction projects which might result in significant environmental impacts. The EIA study is necessary to prepare a detailed account of the environmental impact of the proposed activity so that appropriate interventions could be taken. An attempt has been made in this project to study the environmental impact of building construction project using computer-based analysis methodology. The study focuses on various parameters, such as total area, parking area, rainwater harvesting system, basement area, sewage treatment plant, water quality, solid waste, source of water, depth of groundwater, distance from the city centre, nearest sensitive zones and overall settlement density. The plan seeks to define the project in a holistic manner and suggest possible mitigation measures for development. The primary purpose of the study is to establish a consensus vision of an eco-friendly of building environment over the next five years.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dongre, G., et al. 2014. Criteria based decision support system for environmental clearance in Amreli and Junagarh districts using geo-informatics. Int. J. Eng. Res. Tech., 3(2): 1434-1438. Kevin, F. R. L. and L. Jia-Hong. 2009. Decision support for environmental impact assessment: A hybrid approach using fuzzy logic and fuzzy analytic network progress. Expert System Applications. 36(3): 5119-5136.
Literature cited 2: Singh, B. P. 2013. Environmental impact assessment: Do we really need a shift from EIA. Int. J. Env. Eng. Manage., 4(3): 227-232. Opoku, A. S. 2001. Environmental impact assessment in developing countries: The case of Ghana. Env. Assess. Impact Review. 21(1): 59-71.

ID: 65384
Title: Production And Analysis Of Compost Fertilizer From Kitchen Waste And Its Application Study On Alternanthera sessilis
Author: D. Sushmita Prardhana, M. V. V. Chandana Lakshmi, D. Appala Naidu and N. Jusoh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 642-648 2021.
Subject: Production And Analysis Of Compost Fertilizer From Kitchen Waste And Its Application Study On Alternanthera sessilis
Keywords: Soil waste management, Compost fertilizer, Kitchen waste, Soil amendment, Rate of degradation, NPK, A. sessilis
Abstract: Solid waste management is a major problem in India, where population growth, urbanization and industrialization have resulted in increased municipal solid waste generation. The main objectives of the research are to produce a compost fertilizer that can be used to support plant growth and as a soil amendment. Secondly, to compare the three recipes of the compost A, B and C which comprises of kitchen waste with goat manure, kitchen waste with groundwater and kitchen waste with rice cleaned water, respectively. Finally, to evaluate the compost produced in terms of temperature, pH, moisture content, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (N:P:K), C:N, rate of degradation, soil porosity, water retention and growth of Alternanthera sessilis. Temperature of 54.7°C for compost-C at week-4 was highest due to the high microbial activity, N:P: K and C: N of compost-C were 4:1:3 and 15.89:1, respectively. End results of all the parameters, good soil porosity, fast and healthy plant growth indicated were effectively fulfilled with compost-C proving to be the best compost fertilizer recipe than composts A and B; demonstrating the compost-C may replace the harmful chemical fertilizers in the market leading to a greener nation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sankle, S., et al. 2010. India’s urban awakening: Building inclusive cities, sustaining economic growth. McKinsey Global Institute, McKinsey and Company. Oshins, C. 2000. Home composting. U. S. Compo-sting Council. 1: 1-13.
Literature cited 2: Solanki, A. S., V. Kumar and S. Sharma. 2009. Yield and economics of Withania somnifera influenced by dual inoculation of Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas putida. Turkish J. Biol., 33: 219-223. Trautmann, N. M. and M. E. Krasny. 1997. Composting in the classroom: Scientific inquiry for high school students. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Iowa.

ID: 65383
Title: IoT Based Intelligent Robot For Railway Track Cleaning And Monitoring Applications
Author: Baranidharan V., Mourinth M., Hariharan J. and Divyasree E.
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 635-641 2021.
Subject: IoT Based Intelligent Robot For Railway Track Cleaning And Monitoring Applications
Keywords: Railways track cleaning, Arduino based robot, Raspberry pi, DC pump, Camera, Teachable machine, Ultrasonic sensor, Cloud, WiFi module
Abstract: Waste disposal is a decisive problem in emerging countries particularly in India due to the high population. Currently, sanitary workers in India using the oldest devices for cleaning the tracks are indeed unhygienic and it cannot be done manually. The main reason for this is the huge distance which cannot be covered. To find a solution to this waste disposal problem, a cost-effective waste cleaning robot is developed. The system is very simple and cost-effective. The system is highly efficient and holds an effective mechanism. The components of the robot are a rotating brush assembly (Rake), a unique tilting wedge, a conveyor system and a garbage collection unit. The main work of the brushes is to help sweep and pick the very light waste, such as papers, leaves, cups and plastics. The DC motors present here are used to drive the sweeper as well as the conveyor system. The conveyor brush carries the waste and drops it in the garbage disposal unit placed at the back. The railroad system, railway track security is a primary concern. This robot along with cleaning identifies the cracks and using IoT it shares this information with the concerned people.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tomiyama, T., et al. 2017. Systems and conceptual design of a train cab front cleaning robot. Procedia CIRP. 59: 61-66. Hedaoo, M., S. Hirde and A. Khan. 2015. Sanitation in Indian railway premises: A great cause of concern. Int. J. Adv. Eng. Tech., 21(3): 62-71.
Literature cited 2: Mohammad, T. 2009. Using ultrasonic and infrared sensors for distance measurement. Int. Sci. Index Mech. Mechatronics Eng., 3(3): 124-131. Krishna, P. V. and S. Prakash. 2020. Unmanned vehicle for cleaning railway tracks. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Tech., 29(3): 5481-5484.

ID: 65382
Title: Self-Compacting Concrete With Manufactured Sand And Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Author: C. K. Gupta, Shreekant Birgonda, A. K. Sachan and Pooja
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 627-634 2021.
Subject: Self-Compacting Concrete With Manufactured Sand And Recycled Coarse Aggregate
Keywords: Construction and demolition, Manufactured sand, Recycle concrete aggregate
Abstract: Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the concrete that can be easily placed and compacted due to its own weight and does not need any external compacting effort. This type of concrete is cohesive enough so that it is easy to handle without segregation and bleeding of concrete. Generally, after completing the useful life, the structures are demolished. This demolition waste can be converted into coarse and fine aggregate, which may find use in SCC also. In recent years, many researchers have tried to replace the natural coarse aggregate with waste material in concrete. The use of recycled coarse aggregate is commercially sustainable and technically good for the environment. The construction and demolition wastage are putting an adverse effect on the environment, so the use of this waste shows the effective utilization of resources. For sustainable construction, C and D wastage are the main and important resources. The environmental problem due to C and D waste are landfills, illegal deposit, etc. Therefore, the reuse of C and D waste, such as recycled aggregate is the solution to these problems. Recycles concrete aggregate is obtained after crushing and screening old demolition waste. In mortar and concrete, sand is used as fine aggregate. For fine aggregate river sand is mostly preferred. When weathering of rock takes place over a period of million-year natural sand is formed. This sand is obtained from riverbeds and sand mining which are calamitous environmental concerns. Nowadays river sand is very difficult to get. Manufactured sand (M- sand) is that sand, which is obtained from crushed rock to required grain size distribution. For the required grain size of coarse aggregate, the rocks are crushed in special rock crushers and the crushed material is washed by clean water to remove fines.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Roz-Ud-Din, N. and S. Parviz. 2012. Strength and durability of recycled aggregate concrete containing milled glass as partial replacement for cement. Construction Building Mater., 29: 368-377. Hansen, T. C. and H. Narud. 1993. Strength of recycled concrete made from crushed concrete coarse aggregate. Concrete Int., 5(1): 79-83.
Literature cited 2: Bouzoubaâ, N. and M. Lachemi. 2001. Self-compacting concrete incorporating high volumes of class F fly ash. Cement Concrete Res., 31(3): 413-420. DOI: 10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00504-4. Nan, S., H. Kung-Chung and C. His-Wen. 2001. A simple mix design method for self-compacting concrete. Cement Concrete Res., 31: 1799-1807.

ID: 65381
Title: Comparative Study Of Leaching Potential Of Atrazine And Carbendazim Pesticide In Low Organic Content Soil
Author: Shri Krishna Singh and A. R. Quaff
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 621-626 2021.
Subject: Comparative Study Of Leaching Potential Of Atrazine And Carbendazim Pesticide In Low Organic Content Soil
Keywords: Pesticides, Leaching potential, Low organic content, Groundwater ubiquity score
Abstract: In this paper, the leaching potential of atrazine and carbendazim pesticides in soils having 1.52% organic content is presented. The studied soil was a sandy clay loam (53% sand, 19% silt and 28% clay) collected from an open field near the Phulwarisharif, Patna, India. The results showed that both pesticides were adsorbed on the soil. It was also found that carbendazim is significantly depleted by degradation as compared with atrazine since the unaccounted for carbendazim and atrazine were 7.5% and 1%, respectively. Only 2.8% of the applied atrazine leached out and 96.2% was accumulated in the soil at different depth. This shows that the affinity of atrazine with soil is very high as compared to the water. Not only this but it was also observed that the percentage of atrazine that was leached out, has taken only 10 hr and no atrazine was found in the leachate sample collected afterwards. Whereas the behaviour of carbendazim was almost the opposite. About 43.7% of the applied carbendazim leached out and the rest amount 48.8% was accumulated in the soil at different depth which reflected that the affinity of carbendazim with water and soil is almost equal.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: UNAFO. 2002. International code of conduct on the distribution and use of pesticides. United Nations, Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome. Raven, P. H., L. R. Berg and D. M. Hassenzahl. 2008. Environment (6th edn). John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Literature cited 2: Biradar, D. P. and A. L. Rayburn. 1995. Chromosomal damage induced by herbicide contamination at concentration observed in public water supplies. J. Env. Qual., 24: 1232-1235. Miller, G. T. 2002. Living in the environment (12th edn). Wadsworth /Thomson Learning, Belmont.

ID: 65380
Title: Productivity Improvement Of Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) Fertilized With Vermicompost Made From Different Organic Wastes
Author: Andi Rahmad Rahim and Rosmarlinasiah
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 613-620 2021.
Subject: Productivity Improvement Of Seaweed (Gracilaria verrucosa) Fertilized With Vermicompost Made From Different Organic Wastes
Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa, Mineral content, Growth, Cell size, Vermicompost
Abstract: The development of profitable Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed cultivation is possible because of the high market demand for gelatine (agarose). These advantages make Gracilaria verrucosa cultivation attractive but problems of decreasing productivity are encountered, due to the use of chemical/inorganic fertilizers. In this study, we investigated the use of vermicompost fertilizer, from different organic wastes feed waste, reed waste (Imperata) and banana stem waste and their effect on the productivity of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed. The data were analysed using ANOVA and the Tukey test. The results showed that the lengths of the short and long axes of the seaweed cells were 165.0-227.3 mm and 170.3-253.7 mm, respectively. The daily growth rate was 0.95-1.61% per day. The agar yield quality on day 0 was 12.4-16.0% and on day 42, it was 24.6-30.6%. The nitrogen content of Gracilaria verrucosa seaweed on day 0 was 1.50-1.86% and 2.93-3.60% on day 42 while the phosphorus content on day 0 was 0.13-0.22% and 0.41-0.61% on day 42. Treated banana stem waste is the best waste to increase the growth and quality of seaweed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ilknur, A. K., et al. 2011. Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) papenfuss culture using an agricultural oganic fertilizer. Fresenius Env. Bulletin. 20(8a): 2156-2162. Manuhara, G. J., D. Praseptiangga and R. A. Riyanto. 2016. Extraction and characterization of refined K-carrageenan of red algae [Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty ex P. C. Silva, 1996)] originated from Karimun Jawa Islands. Aquatic Procedia. 7: 106-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2016.0 7.014.
Literature cited 2: Morales, M., R., A. G. Sanchez and P. S. Rodrigo. 2014. Evaluation of vermicompost, slumgum compost and green/pruning wastes compost and their mixes as growing media for horticultural production. Scientia Horticulturae. 172: 155-160. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.D3.048. Mohee, R. and N. Soobhany. 2014. Comparison of heavy metals content in compost against their mixes as growing media for horticultural production and slumgum compost, vermicompost. Resour. Conser. Recycling. 92: 206-213.

ID: 65379
Title: Assessment Of Heavy Metal Concentration And Their Effects In Mining Waste Disposal Area Of Shervaroyan Hills, Tamil Nadu
Author: K. Ramesh Kumar and V. Anbazhagan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 603-612 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Heavy Metal Concentration And Their Effects In Mining Waste Disposal Area Of Shervaroyan Hills, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Mining waste, Heavy metals, Contamination factor, Pollution load index, Geo-accumulation index
Abstract: There is a great demand for mineral resources throughout the world due to a great increase in the population. Mining activity has increased largely due to these reasons. As a result of increased mining activity generation of waste is also increasing to a greater extent. Shervaroyan hills are the main source for various mineral ores, mining activities has become predominant in this area for more than five decades. The mining waste become dangerous due to its toxic level, reactivity, corrosivity and so on due to the presence of excessive minerals. Hence the present study aims to investigate physical properties, major elements, minor trace elements (heavy metals) and health effects of heavy metals by estimating ecological risk assessments. This is to highlight the impacts to concerned authorities to take immediate preventive steps for the betterment of ecology and mankind. The collected topsoil sample was digested, analysed and compared with Indian and WHO standards. The level of major elements found is arranged as phosphate < chloride < available nitrogen < sulphate < total organic carbon in the study area. Minor trace elements were estimated in the samples which were collected from the mining waste disposal area of Yercaud. The level of profuse heavy metals found is arranged as copper > arsenic > lead > cadmium. Ecological risk assessments of pollution load index average (5.339) of the study area is exceeding one, which proves it is polluted by heavy metals. The geo-accumulation index analysis (Pb: – 2.856, As: 0.051, Cu: 0.962) signifies that the soil in the study area is moderately contaminated with copper and arsenic heavy metal and not polluted with lead. To maintain biodiversity in the study area, mining waste should be treated properly before disposal and phytoremediation may be adopted to reduce the destructive effect of heavy metal in soil.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Meagher, R. B. and C. P. A. Heaton. 2005. Strategies for the engineered phytoremediation of toxic element pollution: Mercury and arsenic. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotech.,32(11-12): 502-513. DOI 10.1007/s10295-005-0255-9. Kabir, E., et al. 2012. Current status of trace metal pollution in soils affected by industrial activities. Sci. World J. DOI: 916705.10.1100/2012/916705.
Literature cited 2: Nazzal, Y., M. A. Rosen and A. M. Al-Rawabdeh. 2013. Assessment of metal pollution in urban road dusts from selected highways of the Greater Toronto area in Canada. Env. Monit. Assess., 182 (2): 1847-1858. Suciu, I., et al. 2008. Analysis of soil heavy metal pollution and pattern in Central Transylvania. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9(4): 434-453.

ID: 65378
Title: Comparative Analysis Of Soil Quality Of Surface Mined Land In Allipura, Ballari District, Karnataka
Author: R. Kulkarni
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 596-600 2021.
Subject: Comparative Analysis Of Soil Quality Of Surface Mined Land In Allipura, Ballari District, Karnataka
Keywords: Surface mining, Soil texture, Soil moisture, Bulk density, Nutrients
Abstract: Agriculture and mining practices have been the earliest endeavours of humankind. It is the extraction of mineral wealth from the earth. An indiscriminate mining activity causes massive damage to land fertility and biological communities. The study was conducted to evaluate the soil quality and impact of surface mining activities on different physico-chemical parameters of soils of agricultural land in Allipura which is located outside Ballari town, Karnataka. During the present study, the sand composition was found to be high at study sites, 66% and 64%, respectively. The silt proportion was less than clay at both sites. The moisture content was high station II than station I whereas the bulk density did not vary in both sites. The other chemical parameters, such as pH (6.5 ±0.126), organic matter (2.8±0.346), phosphorus (3.53±0.30), calcium (1.14±0.188) and magnesium (0.37±0.092) were high at station II. The total nitrogen (0.17 ±0.011) and potassium (0.36 ±0.18) values were comparatively high in the station I than at station II. Soil analyses demonstrated that there is a distinct variation in the level of nutrient elements of the surface soil. The possible reasons and reclamation measures are discussed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hassan, R., et al. 2014. Soil quality and plant nutrition. In Sustainable agriculture reviews (vol 14, chapter 11). Ed E. Lichtfouse. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, pp 345-447. USDA. 2018. Effects on soil water holding capacity and soil water retention resulting from soil health management practices implementation – A review of the literature. Posted to the NRCS Soil Health Website as of 9/2016 March 2018.
Literature cited 2: Khoshoo, T.N. 1984. Environmental concerns and strategies. Indian Environmental Society, New Delhi. pp 296. Gebre, E.M. and W. Getaneh. 2012. Impact assessment and restoration of quarry site in urban environment: The case of Augusta quarry. Lambert Academic Publishing.

ID: 65377
Title: The Evolution Of Environmental Education As A Driver For Improving The Technologies Of Managing The Use Of Natural Resources
Author: Sushmita Tripathi and Jyotsna Sinha
Editor: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 590-595 2021.
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 590-595 2021.
Subject: The Evolution Of Environmental Education As A Driver For Improving The Technologies Of Managing The Use Of Natural Resources
Keywords: Technology, Management, Ecological education, Water biological resources, Society, Orientation, Nature, Activity
Abstract: The aim of the article is to develop proposals for improving environmental education management technology. Analysis of the approaches used in the theory and practice of environmental education management has shown that it is most appropriate to form the development, consistency and self organisation principles, as well as data of modern natural science and individual areas of ecology, namely general ecology, human ecology, global ecology and social ecology. It is revealed that additional important sources of environmental education should include geological ecology, engineering ecology, agro-ecology and some other environmental disciplines. It is proved that the introduction of special courses at various levels of education, which interactively reflect the content of new environmental disciplines, becomes a mandatory requirement. In this context, distinguishing the key concepts, which reflect the invariant phenomena and processes in different areas of ecology, in environmental education is quite essential. This allows justifying the internal unity of environmental disciplines and determining the optimal form of presentation of educational information. It is revealed that environmental education should be aimed at the development of environmental consciousness and education of the individual with an environmental outlook. Accordingly, environmental education should be continuous, systematic and interdisciplinary. It should be supplemented by various sources of up-to-date information.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hellaqvist, M. 2019. Teaching sustainability in geoscience field education at Falun Mine World Heritage site in Sweden. Geoheritage. 11(4):1785-1798. Boyd, D. 2019. Utilization place-based learning through local contexts to develop agents of change in early childhood education for sustainability. Education 3-13. 47(8):983-997.
Literature cited 2: Hirst, N. 2019. Education for sustainability within early childhood studies : Collaboration and inquiry through projects with children. Education 3-13. 47(2):233-246. Bascope, M., P. Perasso and K. Reiss. 2019. A systematic review of education for sustainable development at an early stage : Cornerstones and pedagogical approaches for teachers professional development. Sustainability. 11(3):719.