ID: 65375
Title: Assessment Of Groundwater Vulnerability To Pollution In The Urbanized Environment In Hoskote Taluk Of Bengaluru District
Author: A. Shwetha, M.C. Sampath Kumar and M. Rajyalakshmi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 575-583 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Groundwater Vulnerability To Pollution In The Urbanized Environment In Hoskote Taluk Of Bengaluru District
Keywords: Groundwater vulnerability, DRASTICA model, ARC GIS, Hoskote taluk
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to assess aquifer vulnerability using a modified DRASTIC model (DRASTICA) to develop vulnerability mapping in Hoskote taluk, Bengaluru. Here, ERDAS IMAGINE software and ArcGIS software are used. The DRASTIC parameters, such as depth of water level (D), recharge (R), aquifer media (A), soil media (S), topography (T), impact of vadose zone (I), hydraulic conductivity (C) were all referred. In ‘DRASTICA’ ‘A’ refers to a new parameter called impact of anthropogenic activities (A) to access the human impact on the groundwater resources in the study area. Step by step basic data was collected, that is satellite data, population density, water level, recharge, borehole data, soil data and digital elevation model (DEM). The original ‘DRASTIC’ model was altered by including anthropogenic impact (A) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) which is used for determining the ratings of each parameter in the modified-DRASTIC method and was processed in GIS to generate groundwater vulnerable zones. As GIS enables the visual interpretation of data, this has given specific maps for specific analysis and as a result, 80% of the study lies under very highly vulnerable zone while in other areas, the potential for pollution is comparatively less. Spatial analysis indicated that anthropogenic impact influenced pollution, thereby human activities has to be addressed. It was observed that the modified ‘DRASTICA’ model is more suitable and precise for the present study.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Vasanthavigar, M., et al. 2010. Application of water quality index for groundwater quality assessment : Thirumanimuttar sub-basin, Tamil Nadu. Env. Monit. Assess., 171:595-609.
Kumar, D. and S. Ahmed. 2003. Seasonal behaviour of spactial variability of groundwater level in a granitic aquifer in monsoon climate. Current Sci., 188-196
Literature cited 2: Smith, Keith. 2013. Environmental hazards : Assessing risk and reducing disaster. Routledge.
Frankowski, M., et al. 2009. Distribution of heavy metals in the Malawelna river system (Western Poland). Oceanol. Hydrobiol. Studies. 38:51-61.
ID: 65374
Title: Textile Recycling : A Sustainable Solution To Environmental Pollution
Author: Kanika Agarwal and Seema Sekhri
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 568-574 2021.
Subject: Textile Recycling : A Sustainable Solution To Environmental Pollution
Keywords: Fast fashion, Consumers, Disposal, Landfill, Textile recycling
Abstract: The growing population combined with the overall improvement in living standard has resulted in a steady increase in global fabric consumption. The fast-fashion culture has greatly influenced the production of textiles over the last few years. Increasing volumes of textiles are being produced, purchased and disposed of in landfill sites which affect the environment. Textiles present particular problems in landfill as synthetic products do not decompose, while woollen garments decompose and produce methane, which contributes to global warming. Data on textile waste products from different countries of the world is very alarming. India generates around 188.5 million tonnes of municipal solid waste per day and 6% of which is textiles. Textiles are nearly 100% recyclable, thus attention needs to be given to their recycling. The present study aims to understand clothing waste disposal practices followed by young consumers in India. For this purpose, a standardized questionnaire was administered on 384 youth residing in Delhi/NCR. The second objective is to investigate the recycling practices followed by Indian industries. For this, visits were made to the industries at Panipat. The results indicate there is a need to create awareness and encourage youth to adopt sustainable disposal habits.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast fashion.
Bhardwaj, V. and A. Fairhurst. 2010. Fast fashion: Response to changes in the fashion industry. The Int. Review Retail, Distribution and Consumer Res., 20(1):165-173.
Literature cited 2: Bianchi, C. and G. Birtwistle. 2010. Sell, give away, or donate : An exploratory study of fashion clothing disposal behaviour in two countries. The Int. Review Retail Distribution, Consumer Res., 20(3):353-368.
Byun, S.E. and b. Sternquist. 2011. Fast fashion and in-store hoarding: the drivers, moderator
and consequences. Clothing Textiles Res. J., 29(3):187-201.
ID: 65373
Title: Determinant Factors Causing Symptoms Of Respiratory Disorders With Exposure To Nitrogen Dioxide In Adults Around The Steel Industry
Author: Suyud Warno Utomo, and Redi Yudha Irianto
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 562-567 2021.
Subject: Determinant Factors Causing Symptoms Of Respiratory Disorders With Exposure To Nitrogen Dioxide In Adults Around The Steel Industry
Keywords: Respiratory disorder, Nitrogen dioxide, Adult population, Steel industry, Determinant factor
Abstract: Air pollution is a health problem that causes many deaths. The respiratory disorder is one of the causes of death due to increased air pollution in the environment. One of the gases that damage the environment is nitrogen dioxide (NO2). NO2 can be produced from the combustion process, one of which is the result of combustion in the steel industry. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of factors that influence the respiratory disorders that occur in adults around the steel industry. Variable respiratory disorders, the concentration of NO2, length of stay, BMI and a history of respiratory disease were tested using the Chi-square test with a p-value<0.05. Respiratory disorders have a significant relationship with a history of respiratory disorders having OR (95% CI) value of 3.69 (1.548-8.799). Although it turns out that the NO2 concentration variable does not have a significant relationship with respiratory disorders with OR (95% CI) value of 0.765 (0.329-1.779), other than that, the unrelated variable, is the variable length of stay having OR (95% CI) value of 1.179 (0.523 – 2.655), BMI having OR (95% CI) value of 1.739 (0.754 – 4.01). In this study, it was found that a factor that can cause the respiratory disorder is a history of respiratory disorders in adults.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Miri, M., et al. 2016. Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis, Iran. The AirQ model approach. Env. Res., 151:451-457. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07. 039.
Pope, C.A. 2000. Epidemiology of fine particulate air pollution and human health: Biologic mechanisms and who’s at risk? Env. Health Perspect., 108 (4): 713-723. DOI : 10.1289/ehp.108-1637 679.
Literature cited 2: Golub, A. and E. Strukova. 2008. Evaluation and identification of priority air pollutants for environmental management on the basis of risk analysis in Russia. J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A. 7(1):86-91.
Carbone, U., et al. 2014. Respiratory function in power plant workers exposed to nitrogen dioxide. Occup. Med. (Chic III). 64(8):644-646.
ID: 65372
Title: Carbon Stock And Carbon Sequestration In Above-Ground Biomass Of Muli Bamboo At Different Altitudes In North-East India
Author: Angom Sarjubala Devi, Uttam Kumar Sahoo, Bhanu Prakash Mishra and Kshetrimayum Suresh Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 557-561 2021.
Subject: Carbon Stock And Carbon Sequestration In Above-Ground Biomass Of Muli Bamboo At Different Altitudes In North-East India
Keywords: Carbon content, culm, gentle slope, Steep slope
Abstract: In the present study, the carbon-stock and rate of carbon-sequestration in the above-ground biomass of the Muli bamboo was estimated in three sites having different altitudes and slope percent in Mizoram, north-east India. The maximum rate of carbon–sequestration with 35.21 MgC/ha/year was recorded in the site Tamdil having highest altitude of 950-1000 m above sea level with a very steep slope percent. The minimum rate of carbon-sequestration with 3.06 MgC/ha/year was found in the site Lengpui having the lowest altitude of 380-435 m above sea level and gentle slope. In Kelsih the site has an altitude of 850-870 m above sea level and a very steep slope of 19.45 MgC/ha/year rate of carbon-sequestration. The study shows that variation in altitude leads to a difference in above-ground biomass productivity in Muli bamboo, thereby causing variations in the rate of carbon-sequestration.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Naithani, H.B. 1993. Contribution to the taxonomic studies of Indian bamboos. Ph.D. Thesis. Garhwal University, Garhwal.
Banik, R.L. 1993. Periodicity of culm emergence in different bamboo species or Bangladesh. Annuls Forestry. 1(1):13-17.
Literature cited 2: Banik, R.L. 1983. Emerging culm mortality at early developing stage in bamboos. Bano Biggvan Putrika. 12 (1/2):47-52.
Anonymous. 2009. Brief record on Mizoram mautam : 2007-08. Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Government of Mizoram, Aizawl.
ID: 65371
Title: Study Of Heavy Metals In Dust Of Khitouli Village Road Along Highway District, Katni
Author: M. K. Ahirwar, G. S. Gupta and N. K. Kirar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 550-556 2021.
Subject: Study Of Heavy Metals In Dust Of Khitouli Village Road Along Highway District, Katni
Keywords: Geoaccumulation index, Contamination factor, Road dust, ICP-OES, Heavy metal, Khitouli village
Abstract: In this study, the concentration of the heavy metals was determined in road dust samples of the Khitouli village, district Katni, Madhya Pradesh, India. Samples were acquired from the different upper surface of the road where vehicles were busy on the road during January, February and March 2018. A total of 5 metals were selected for the study area to examine the concentration along the road. Samples were analyzed using inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Perkin Elmer). The result showed that the average value of vanadium (V) was found maximum at overall sampling locations. The average value of chromium (Cr) was also found maximum at all sampling locations alongwith the road dust. These values were compared from the prescribed maximum permissible limits of the Environmental Protection Agency. The iron (Fe) was found maximum at sampling locations SL-3, SL-4 and SL-1 with the value of 1029.49, 992.52 and 872.32 ppm, respectively. Metal pollution in road dust was estimated on the basis of contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (CD) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The calculated results of the degree of contamination (CD) showed a low to moderate degree of contamination level. Similarly, the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) gave values in the range between unpolluted to moderately polluted level. The principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that traffic emission and anthropogenic activity are the main sources of metal pollutants on the road.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Garba, S.T. and M.A. Abubakar. 2018. Source and distribution of the heavy metals in road dust from busy traffic areas with different characteristics. J. Env. Manage., 92:554-562.
Wang, M. and H. Zhang. 2018. Accumulation of heavy metals in roadside soil in urban area and the related impacting factors. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. 15(6):1-11.
Literature cited 2: Garwade, A., et al. 2016. Analysis of roadside dust for heavy metal pollutants in Navi Mumbai. Int. J. Eng. Tech. Manage. Appl. Sci., 4(7):80-88.
Du, Y., et al. 2013. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dusts in urban parks of Beijing, China. Procedia Env. Sci., 18:299-309.
ID: 65370
Title: Physico-Chemical Characterization Of The Products Of Composting And Co-Composting From The Sludge Of The Wastewater Treatment Plant Of Fez And The Pomace From The Region Of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco)
Author: F. El Fettahi, S. Njimat, L. Krim and S. Ibn Ahmed
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 542-549 2021.
Subject: Physico-Chemical Characterization Of The Products Of Composting And Co-Composting From The Sludge Of The Wastewater Treatment Plant Of Fez And The Pomace From The Region Of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco)
Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant sludge, pomace, co-composting, physico-chemical characterization
Abstract: Sludge disposal is a major challenge in the management of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) residues. Indeed, sludge is known to be a high-risk source of environmental pollution. The objective of the present work is to research and propose a variant for the elimination and recovery of sludge from Fez WWTP through its co-composting with pomace from the agricultural area of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco). The study thus focused on the production of three composts coming from sludge and pomace in varying proportions. Composting was practised in greenhouses by the method of turned upside down windrows for 105 days. For a better characterization of the final products, the analyses focused on physico-chemical parameters that are of major importance in reasoned fertilization and soil reclamation programmes. The conduct of these analyses allowed a better understanding of the combined effects of composting and doses of substrates tested. This characterisation will ultimately make it possible to classify composts by chosen indicator and also to judge their degree of maturity and stability.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Liu, Y. and J.W. Tay. 2001. Strategy for minimization of excess sludge production from the activated sludge process. Biotech. Adv., 19:97-107.
Su, D.C., J.W.C. Wong and H. Jagadeesan. 2004. Implications of rhizospheric heavy metals and nutrients for the growth of alfalfa in sludge amended soil. Chemosphere. 56(10):957-965.
Literature cited 2: Hartenstein, R. 1986. Earthworm biotechnology and global biochemistry. Adv. Ecol. Res., 15:379-409.
Warman, P.R. and W.C. Termeer. 2005. Evaluation of sewage sludge, septic waste and sewage compost applications to corn and forage. Yields and N, P and K content of crops and soils. Bioresour. Tech., 86:955-961.
ID: 65369
Title: Analyzing The Role Of Public Transportation On Environmental Air Pollution In Select Cities
Author: Neeraj Sharma, Rajat Agrawal and Anurag Silmana
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 536-541 2021.
Subject: Analyzing The Role Of Public Transportation On Environmental Air Pollution In Select Cities
Keywords: Air pollution, public transportation, Structural equation modeling, PM2.5, PM10, Greenhouse gas
Abstract: Amidst growing concern for rising air pollution levels in cities across the globe, this first of its kind research work attempts to study whether the usage of public transportation infrastructure and personal automobiles by citizens has any significant impact on the air pollution levels in a city, taking a sample of 59 urban settlements data points sample from 39 cities across the globe. Variance based structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure is used for estimating a series of relationships among the constructs of public transportation infrastructure, public transportation usage, personal automobiles ownership and environmental air pollution (represented by PM2.5, PM10 and greenhouse gas (GHG) levels) considered in the study and incorporating them into an integrated model. The results suggest that a significant relationship exists between the availability of public transportation infrastructure and its usage by its citizens on their personal automobiles ownership, which, in turn also impacts environmental air pollution levels in a city.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: ISO 37120. 2018. Sustainable development of communities – Indicators for city services and quality of life. International Organization for Standa-rdization, Geneva.
ISO 37122. 2019. Sustainable cities and communities – Indicators for smart cities. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
Literature cited 2: Ambarwati, L., et al. 2016. The influence of integrated space–transport development strategies on air pollution in urban areas. Transportation Res. Part D: Transport Env., 44:134-146.
Urmetzer, P., D. E. Blake and N. Guppy. 1999. Individualized solutions to environmental problems: the case of automobile pollution. Canadian Public Policy. 25(3):345-359.
ID: 65368
Title: Bacterial Biofilms And Bioremediation
Author: De-Hwa Khoo, Pooja Shivanand and Hussein Taha
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 528-535 2021.
Subject: Bacterial Biofilms And Bioremediation
Keywords: Biofilm, Bioremediation, Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacterial survival
Abstract: In this review, the importance of biofilm formation in promoting greater survival, adaptation and propagation is explored. The focus will be given to the mechanisms of bacterial biofilm in the bioremediation of hydrocarbons, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as bacteria is known to be one of the top degraders. Due to the increasing population utilizing petroleum and its products, the demand for petroleum increases. As a result, petroleum is slowly turning into the most widespread pollutants to the environment. Using biofilms as a tool may enhance the biodegradation processes as the communities developed structures for protection from harsh surrounding environments, quorum sensing (QS), horizontal gene transfer (HGT), availability of nutrients (from the environment and within the communities) and the persistence in metabolic rates to increase the cells’ stability and resilience. A major limitation to successful bioremediation is the bioavailability of contaminant to the degradative cells. However, this is not a problem for the biofilm communities as the development of strategy such as chemotaxis allows the movement of the cells towards the contaminants. This paper also discussed the use of biofilms for wastewater treatment, acid-mine drains (AMD) treatment and bioremediation of heavy metals.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ukiwe, L.N., et al. 2013. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation techniques : A review. Int. J. Chem., 5(4):43-55.
Samimi, S.V., R.A. Rad and F. Ghanizadeh. 2009. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination levels in collected samples from vicinity of a highway. Iran J. Env. Health Sci. Eng., 6(1):47-52.
Literature cited 2: Dutta, S. and P. Singh. 2016. Chemotaxis of biofilm producing Pseudomonas spp. towards refined petroleum oil. J. Sci. Res., 8(2):199-207.
El-Naggar, A.Y., et al. 2014. Petroleum in view of its classification, assay and analysis. Internatioal Science Congress Association, Indore, India.
ID: 65367
Title: Scenario Of Speed Humps In Kurnool City, Andhra Pradesh, India – A Case Study
Author: T. Ramachar, T. Sowjanya, K. Sarath Kumar Reddy and P. Pavan Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 522-527 2021.
Subject: Scenario Of Speed Humps In Kurnool City, Andhra Pradesh, India – A Case Study
Keywords: Speed-breakers, kinetic energy, traffic volume, wastage of fuel
Abstract: The speed breakers are laid across the road to control the speed of the vehicle thereby reducing the number of accidents. Unscientific and improper speed humps result in additional fuel consumption for the vehicle and causing inconvenience to the vehicle rider. In the present study three road stretches in Kurnool city in Andhra Pradesh state is selected where there is maximum vehicular traffic and has more number of speed breakers. The width and elevation of the speed breakers are analysed and the velocity of the vehicles, before and after crossing the speed breakers are studied. From the loss in kinetic energy of the vehicle, the additional fuel consumption issues are calculated. The health aspect of the vehicle rider and the possibilities of injuries is also discussed. The results show that all the speed breakers are deviating from the standard specifications and there is wastage of a huge amount of fuel every day. Due to unscientific and improper speed humps, there is an increase in spine and neck injuries for the vehicle rider in crossing these speed humps. The objective of the present investigation is to study the dimensions of the speed breakers in the city limits and the impact of unscientific speed breakers in terms of additional fuel consumption. In this study, the health aspect of the vehicle rider has been discussed and viable solutions have been proposed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: IRC : 99-1988. 1996. Tentative guidelines on the provision of speed breakers for control of vehicular speeds on minor roads. The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi.
Zaidei, D., A. Hakkert and A. Pistener. 1992. The use of road humps for moderating speed on urban streets. Accident Analysis Prevention. 24(1): 45-56.
Literature cited 2: Afukaar, F. K. and J.D.D. 2010. Evaluation of speed humps on pedestrian injuries in Ghana. Injury Prevention. 16(1).
Hassling, J. and P. Zhu. 2008. Analysis of vehicle rotation during passenger over speed control road humps. International Conference on Intelligent computation technology and automation (ICICTA). Proceedings, pp 304-308.
ID: 65366
Title: Assessment Of Air Quality And Its Impact In And Around Jharsuguda, Odisha And Prediction Modelling By Using Regression Analysis
Author: Pratap Kumar Swain, Trinath Biswal and R. B. Panda
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 503-521 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Air Quality And Its Impact In And Around Jharsuguda, Odisha And Prediction Modelling By Using Regression Analysis
Keywords: Suspended particulate matter, Pollutants, Air quality, Permissible limit, Pollution load, PM10
Abstract: The air quality assessment is carried out in different residential, commercial and industrial areas in and around Jharsuguda town, Odisha, India. The PM10, oxides of sulphur (SOx), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), are measured by the high volume sampler and it was found that not only in industrial areas but also in all residential and commercial areas the air quality is very poor as compared to the permissible limit and the quality of air is gradually decreasing in a rapid rate causing massive pollution load in the air in the command area of Jharsuguda town. The average value of PM10 varies from 549.6±84.5 to 317.5±50.4. The average value of NOx varies from 83.6±16.5 to 46.8±11.3 and that of SOx varies from 122.8±22.7 to 71.4±12.4. Rapid industriali-zation is the cause of a negative relationship in-between the ambient air quality of the sampling areas and other biochemical parameters, especially PM10 is very high and even much more beyond the tolerance limit because of rapid industrialization. Hence people are facing problem in respiration and suffering from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The optimal regression analysis estimates the prediction of air pollutant concentration in and around Jharsuguda town. The prediction is made from the data of different time intervals, meteorological and topographical conditions. Hence, proper planning and mechanism must have to be developed to minimize the excessive air pollutants in and around Jharsuguda town.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Al-Hasnawi, S.S., et al. 2016. The effect of the industrial activities on air pollution at Baiji and its surrounding areas, Iraq. Eng., 8:34-44.
Ghorani-Azam, A., B. Rialu-Zanjani and M. Balali-Mood. 2016. Effects of air pollution on human health and practical measures for prevention in Iran. J. Res. Med. Sci., 21(5):1-12.
Literature cited 2: Frances, C. and Moore. 2009. Climate change and air pollution : Exploring the synergies and potential for mitigation in industrializing countries. Sustainability. 1:43-54.
MacCracken, M. 2008. The prospects for future climate change and the reasons for early action. Env. Manage., 58:735-786.
ID: 65365
Title: Waste To Energy Conversion Through Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil And Its Optimization
Author: Nabanita Banerjee and Tushar Jash
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 503-512 2021.
Subject: Waste To Energy Conversion Through Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil And Its Optimization
Keywords: Biodiesel, Waste, Energy, Response surface methodology, Transesterification, Used soybean oil
Abstract: The study comprises one of the methods of waste management by conversion of waste cooking oil to a sustainable form of energy. It carries out the production of biodiesel from waste oil which is disposed of in such a manner that it can be a serious threat to the environment in near future. Large scale production of biodiesel from this waste oil can be a permanent solution of waste to energy conversion. In this study, the operating parameters, namely catalyst concentration, methanol: oil ratio and reaction temperature were varied at three different levels using response surface methodology (RSM). The R2 value is 0.9771 which indicates that there is a good fit between the given model and the experimental data. Based on the experimental results, the optimum operating parameters from transesterification of waste soybean oil at a stirring rate of 1000 rpm and 2 hr reaction time at a temperature of 520C, the molar ratio of 7.7:1 and catalyst concentration of 1.157% w/w of oil. Biodiesel production has been carried out with the optimized parameters to obtain the corresponding laboratory yield. The predicted and laboratory yields were 93.408% and 93.06%, respectively which denotes that variation is 0.348%. 2D and 3D contour plotting has been done using MINITAB17 for the prediction of optimized yield. The physical and the chemical properties have been compared and the relationship has been studied.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://mnre.gov.in/waste-energy.
Lahiry, Samar. 2017. India’s challenges in waste management. Available at :
https://www. downtoearth.org.in /blog/waste/india-s-challenges-in-waste-management-56753.
Literature cited 2: Lam, S.S., et al. 2016. Progress in waste oil to sustainable energy, with emphasis on pyrolysis techniques. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 53:741–753.
The Economic Times. 2019. Government launches programme for converting used cooking oil into biodiesel in 100 cities. Available at :
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/government-launch-es-programme-for-converting-used-cooking-oil-into-biodiesel-in-100-cities/articleshow/70617703.cms.
ID: 65364
Title: Immobilization Of Bacillus subtilis For Improved Decolourization Of Congo Red Compared To Free Cells
Author: Shalini and Y. Pydi Setty
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 495-502 2021.
Subject: Immobilization Of Bacillus subtilis For Improved Decolourization Of Congo Red Compared To Free Cells
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Congo red, Immobilization on polyurethane foam, microbial assisted decolourization
Abstract: A large amount of congo red (CR) has been discharged into the environment, mostly from the textile industries. The current study aims to find out the potential approach of congo red (CR) dye decolourization using suspended and immobilized B. subtilis. The effect of parameters (dye concentration, pH and temperature) on dye decolourization using suspended cells was studied. The corresponding cell mass (OD600) alongwith the decolourization profile, was considered to understand the effect of cell mass. B. subtilis immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) cubes (size: 1 cm3) have chosen to investigate the decolourization efficiency. SEM results revealed the porous structure of PUF and layer formation. The FTIR analysis was employed to confirm the decolourization. The maximum decolourization of 92% was achieved by immobilization method within 6 hr, whereas suspended cell assisted decolourization showed 82% within 12 hr. The data confirmed the second-order decolourization kinetics. We have found that the reaction rate and reaction rate constant (k) was found to be higher for immobilized cell assisted decolourization. The characteristic azo peaks have not found in FTIR samples of immobilized decolourization. The results confirmed that immobilization of B. subtilis is an efficient method for CR decolourization compared to the suspended cells.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chung, K. T. and C.E. Cerniglia. 1992. Mutagenicity of azo dyes : Structure-activity relationships. Mutat. Res./Reviews Mutat. Res., 277 (3):201-220.
Lade, H., et al. 2015. Mineralization and detoxification of the carcinogenic azo dye Congo Red and real textile effluent by a polyurethane foam immobilized microbial consortium in an upflow column bioreactor. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. 12:6894-6918.
Literature cited 2: Novotny’, C., et al. 2004. Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by irpex lacteus under various growth conditions. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 54:215-223.
Mittal, A., et al. 2014. Process development for the removal of hazardous anionic azo dye Congo Red from wastewater by using hen feather as potential adsorbent. Desalin. Water Treat., 52:227-237.
ID: 65363
Title: Assessment And Characterization Of Dust Particles From Tree Leaves As An Indicator Of Air Pollution In Urban Local Bodies : A Case Study On Barrackpore Sub-Division, West Bengal
Author: Sandipta Das and Dasharatha P. Angadi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 483-494 2021.
Subject: Assessment And Characterization Of Dust Particles From Tree Leaves As An Indicator Of Air Pollution In Urban Local Bodies : A Case Study On Barrackpore Sub-Division, West Bengal
Keywords: Urban areas, air pollution, Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis
Abstract: Urban growth in terms of population and areal expansion, changing scenario of landscape, conversion of non-built-up land to impervious land has been an increasing trend in worldwide. The gradual increase of concrete roads, cementation of imperviousness in urban extent, rapid growth of motor vehicles, domestic and industrial emissions are becoming a serious issue for the environment which degrade the urban health quality. To access the level of air pollution in urban areas, environmental monitoring is needed. Environmental monitoring can be done by active and passive processes. Active monitoring is having several limitations, so passive monitoring is being given much importance to monitor air pollution in recent days. The dust deposited over the roadside tree leaves are one of the indicators of environmental air pollution. In the present study tree leaves (Polyalthia longifolia) with dust from 4 selected sample sites were taken considering the urban characteristics, traffic junctions and industrial areas of Barrackpore subdivisions of West Bengal, India to characterize and analyze the size distribution, presence of different elements in the dust which are responsible for air pollution in the atmosphere. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to detect the size distribution of dust particles and SEM attached to an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) was used to analyze the elemental distribution of the dust. Elemental analysis has displayed the presence of elements, like Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, S, C, Fe, Zn, Pb and Ti in the collected samples that indicates the air pollution concentration in the different urban unit. The mineral composition in the elements was observed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The phase identification from XRD has identified quartz, potassium, magnetite, carbon, feldspar, scrutinyite, cristobalite, silicon, oxide, etc., are present in the samples. The size variation and frequency of the particulates have also been categorized in each sample site. The results show that below 2.5 mm particles are dominants everywhere that indicate the air quality is poor.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ram, S., et al. 2014. Physico-chemical characterization of street dust and re-suspended dust on plant canopies: An approach for fingerprinting the urban environment. Ecol. Indicators. 36:334-338.
El-khatib, A., O. El-Sheikh and A. Said. 2017. Characterizing of air dust particulate pollutants using urban trees leaves. Dama Int. J. Res., 2(1):46-56.
Literature cited 2: Anderson, J., J. Thundiyil and A. Stolbach. 2012. Clearing the air : A review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J. Med. Toxicol., 8(2):166-175.
Kan, H., R. Cen and S. Tong. 2012. Ambient air pollutant climate change and population health in China. Env. Int., 42:10-19.
ID: 65362
Title: Monitoring Of Noise Levels During Maghmela At Sangam Area, Prayagraj (Allahabad)
Author: Mohd Nafees and Satyendra Nath
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 476-480 2021.
Subject: Monitoring Of Noise Levels During Maghmela At Sangam Area, Prayagraj (Allahabad)
Keywords: Noise pollution, Monitoring, Magh Mela, Human health
Abstract: Nowadays noise is significant environmental pollution that leads to psychological and physiological disorders. The high noise levels may have induced several health problems related to headache, annoyance, lack of concentration and other varied effects on human health. Magh Mela is a large mass gathering of pilgrims and an event of such magnitude present challenges. Due to more crowd during bathing dates (Shahisnan) at Magh Mela areas enhanced the population density and number of automobiles and also increased the noise level compared to normal days. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate noise level on pre, post and mauni amawashya (bathing dates) near Sangam area during Magh Mela, 2017 and 2018 at Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. The maximum equivalent noise level observed were 93.0 dB at 12:00-1:00 PM, 114.1 dB at 9:00-10:00 AM and 94.8 dB at 6:00-7:00 PM and 89.8 dB at 10:00-11:00 AM, 98.7dB at 6:00-7:00 PM and 88.5 dB at 8:00-9:00 PM during pre, during and post mauni amawashya in the year 2017 and 2018, respectively. The results of the study reflected that higher noise levels during mauni amawashya (bathing date) for both year 2017 and 2018, followed by pre and post mauni amawashya and the main reason for higher noise levels during bathing dates are heavy crowds, powerful sound systems, drum and other activities performed near the Sangam areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jamrah, A., A. Al-omari and R. Sharabi. 2006. Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman, Jordan. Env. Monit. Assess., 120(1-3):499-525.
Martin, M.A., et al. 2006. Exposure affects relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain. J. Appl. Acoustics. 67(10):945-652.
Literature cited 2: WHO. 2005. Occupational and community noise. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Bhat, S. 2003. Noise and the law. India together. pp 1-6.
ID: 65361
Title: Estimation Of Water Spread Area For Chembarabakkam Lake Using Remote Sensing
Author: R. Aravind Raj, Vidhya Lakshmi Sivakumar, Manoj Nallanathel and Ramalakshmi M
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 471-475 2021.
Subject: Estimation Of Water Spread Area For Chembarabakkam Lake Using Remote Sensing
Keywords: Reservoir sedimentation, Chembarambakkam lake, Remote sensing, Sub-pixel approach
Abstract: Sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs are a serious threat to the storage capacity of the reservoirs. Quantification of reservoir sedimentation can be carried out using conventional methods but is time consuming. In this study, an attempt is made to estimate the water spread area and therefore, the volume of the Chembarambakkam lake, Chennai, India using a range of remote sensing and image processing techniques. Satellite images of the study area under investigation are used to derive the water spread area of the reservoir. With differences in elevation between various dates, estimates of reservoir capacity can be derived. An accurate estimation of the reservoir water spread area was achieved through the sub-pixel approach. The high accuracy of the estimated area by the sub-pixel approach is due to the incorporation of the purest and accurate endmember with the spectral unmixing approach. It could be observed that remote sensing is highly successful in the estimating the water spread area of the reservoir which could result in accurate quantification of sedimentation in reservoirs.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jain, S.K., P. Singh and S.M. Seth. 2002. Assessment of sedimentation in Bhakra Reservoir in the western Himalayan region using remotely sensed data. Hydrological Sci. J., 47(2):203-212.
Goel, M. K., S. K. Jain and P. K. Agarwal. 2002. Assessment of sediment deposition rate in Bargi reservoir using digital image processing. Hydrological Sci. J., 47(S1):S81-S92
Literature cited 2: ngole, N. A., R. N. Ram and P. Kumar. 2015. Assessment of sedimentation in Nanak Sagar reservoir of Uttarakhand: Using remote sensing technique. J. Env. Biosci., 29(1):17-21.
Merina, R. N. 2017. Evaluation of sediment using GIS approach in southern Tamil Nadu. Indian Ecol. Society. 44(2):179-184.