ID: 58053
Title: Environmental Noise pollution in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria
Author: Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Ilorin metropolis, Noise map, noise pollution, traffic noise, noise descriptors
Abstract: This paper presents the results obtained from environmental noise measurements at selected locations in Ilorin metropolis. Forty two different locations throughout Ilorin were selected to establish background noise sound levels (LAeq), background noise level (L90) and peak noise level (L10) measured vary with the location and period of the day. Due to traffic characteristics, especially traffic volume, vehicle horns, vehicle - mounted loudspeakers, unmuffled vehicles, record players and hawking, there is high LAeq, L90 and L10 at road junctions (77 dBA, 66 dBA, 77 dBA), passengers loading parks (76 dBA, 66 dBA, 77 dBA) and commercial centres (73 dBA, 64 dBA, 74 dBA). Average daily noise exposure level (LAeq) in Ilorin metropolis varies from 46 dBA to 86 dBA. The result of this study shows that the major source of noise in Ilorin metropolis can be attributed to traffic noise. Other intrusive noise sources include noise from record players and hawking with loud speakers. Based on the recommendations of Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health (CEOH), World Health Organization (WHO) and Housing and Urban Development (HUD), only 6 locations out of 42 are under normally acceptable situation while the noise levels of other areas are not acceptable. Based on the noise descriptors (LAeq, LD, LN, LDN, LNI and LNP), noise map is developed to identify locations with high noise exposure. The noise map developed reveals high noise exposure at the nucleus of the metropolis where commercial activities, high traffic volume and clustered buildings with high population exist. The result of this study is useful as reference and guideline for future regulations on noise limit to be implemented for urban areas in Nigeria.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58052
Title: Phyllosphere mycoflora of Celosia argentea L.
Author: P Saritha and A Sreeramulu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Celosia aregentea L, phyllosphere, bio-control
Abstract: A total number of eight fungal species viz., Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium equisiti, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium notatum were isolated by both dilution plate method and leaf impression method from phyllosphere of young to mature to senescent but healthy leaves of Celosia argentea L. The total population of these microorganisms showed a considerable increase from young to mature to senescent leaves. A possible role of these microorganisms as bio-control agents of the weed has been discussed.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58051
Title: Local and regional features of surface radiation fluxes over the tropical Atlantic Ocean near Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Archipelago: Evidence of small scale upwelling
Author: Jacyra Soares, Amauri P de Oliveira, Georgia Codato and Joao Francisco Escobedo
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Radiation balance, Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo, Archipelago, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Upwelling
Abstract: To properly describe the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere, it is necessary to assess a variety of time and spaital scales phenomena. Here, high resolut
ion ocanographic and meterological data collected during an observational campaign carried out aboard a ship in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, on May 15-24, 2002, is used to describe the radiation balance at the ocean interface. Data collected by two PIRATA buoys, along the equator at 230W and 350W and satellite and climate data are compaed with the data obtained during the observational campaign. Comparison indicates remarkable similarity for daily and hourly values of radiation fluxes components as consequence of the temporal and spatial consistence presented by the air and water temperature measured in situ and estimated from large scale information. The discrepancy, mainly in the Sao Pedro and Sao Paulo Archipelago area, seems to be associated to the local upwelling of cold water, which is not detected in all other estimates investigated here. More in situ data are necessary to clarify whether this upwelling flow has a larger scale effect and what are the meteorological and oceanographic implications of the local upwelling area on the tropical waters at the Brazilian coast.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58050
Title: Influence of seasons on the physico-chemical water quality parameters of Halkurke tank and Honnavalli (Hirekere) tank waters
Author: A M Shivanna and G Nagendrappa
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water quality, Halkurke tank, Honnavalli tank, Irrigation water quality, drinking water standards
Abstract: Considering the impacts of agricultural runoff, domestic sewage and other anthropogenic activities on the quality of surface water, a physico-chemical study regarding water quality assessment Halkurke tank and Honnavalli tank water samples belonging to Tiptur Tahsil was carried out for one year to know the seasonal variation and to assess water quality. In the present study, physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TH, alkalinity, carbonate, biocarbonate, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and boron were estimated. To check the suitability of water for irrigation SAR, %Na, RSC and RSBC parameters were evaluated. The results revealed that the physico-chemical parameters were within the range prescribed by BIS for drinking purposes, but they were on the higher side. The values of pH were on mild alkaline side due to higher alkalinity. Higher values of SAR (5.68 and 4.19), EC (704 and 732.25?mhos/cm), RSC (4.3 and 2.81 meq/L) and Na% (72.38 and 62.71) pose salinity and permeability problems to soils and put the said water samples under medium quality for irrigation purposes. Since these tanks are the only sources to recharge the underground water of the area, groundwater quality of these regions will also be gradually affected.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58049
Title: Investigation of geotechnical engineering properties of subsurface soils in Bonny island, Eastern Niger delta
Author: H O Nwankwoala
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Subsurface soils, lithology, geotechnical properties, Niger Delta
Abstract: The purpose of the investigation was to evalute the subsurface lithologies as well as to examine the properties of the soils in the area, especially with respect to their strengths and bearing capacities, with a view to determining the suitability or otherwise of the subsoil as bearing media for a shallow foundation system. Borings for subsurface exploration in the area were made at three (3) well spaced locations with a hand auger to a maximum depth of 30 m each below the existing ground level and the execution of two (2) Cone Penetrometer Tests (CPTs) to maximum depth or refusal. The study is aimed at determining the suitability of the location prior to the design and construction of foundations in the aera. Results of the study reveal that BH1 is characterized by soft, dark grey peat with a thickness of 2.0 m. This layer of peat is underlain to 9.0 m by medium dense, dark grey fine sand and in turn overlies medium dense to dense, grey fine to medium sand to the terminal depth at 30.0m, and becoming light grey at 24.0 m. In BH2, the topsoil is soft, dark grey peat to 0.50m. Underlying the above layer of peat to 1.0m is loose, light brown fine sand with plant roots. From 1.0 m to 3.0 m is a layer of soft, grey sandy silt which is underlain by medium dense, grey fine sand of 3.0 thickness. From 6.0 m to 9.0 is dark grey, fine sand with intercalation of silty clay at 9.0 m and from 10.0 m to 22.0 m is medium dense, grey fine to medium sand. From 23.0m to the terminal depth at 30.0m is medium dense to dense, brown fine to medium sand. The study shows that the topsoil in borehole 3 is similar to borehole 2. However, underlying the peat is BH 3 is brown fine sand to 1.0 m and underlying the fine sand to 3.0 m is medium dense, light brown fine sand. From 3.0 m to 14.0 m is medium to dense, light grey fine sand which in turn is underlain by medium dense to dense, fine to medium sand of 8.0m thickness. From 22.0 m to the terminal depth at 30.0 m is medium dense to dense, grey fine medium sand. Generally, the sand layers in all the boreholes exhibited high SPT values at deeper depths. The results obtained from this study have emphasized the usefulness of geotechnical studies in establishing variation in lithology accompained by variation in the allowable bearing pressure of foundation soils.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58048
Title: LASzip: Lossless compression of Lidar data
Author: Martin Isenburg
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Airborne laser scanning technology, LGPL, LASzip
Abstract: Airborne laser scanning technology (lidar) makes it easy to collect large amounts of points that sample the terrain beneath. The ASPRS LAS specification is the standard file format for storing and distribution this data. However, managing the amount of data becomes challenging for surveys acquiring billions of points.
We describe a lossless compression scheme for lidar in binary LAS format. Our compressed LAZ files are only 7 to 25 percent of the original size. Our encoding and decoding speeds are several million points per second on average desktop computers. Compression is streaming and decompression supports random-access. A reference implementation with a LGPL license is available at http://laszip.org.
On a national scale, the compression savings of storing LAZ instead of LAS can be measured in Petabytes of data, i.e., data that no longer need to be hosted, backed up, and served for download. Techniques like LASzip are imperative in order to manage lidar elevation for an entire nation.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58047
Title: New approaches for estimating the local point density and its impact on Lidar data segmentation
Author: Zahra Lari and Ayman Habib
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Lidar systems
Abstract: Lidar systems have been proven as a cost-effective tool for the collection of high density and accurate point cloud over physical surfaces. The collected point cloud does not exhibit homogenous point distribution due to the characteristics of the scanning system and/or the physical properties of the scanned surfaces. In order to effectively process the lidar point clouds, local point density variations should be quantified and taken into account for the definition of processing parameters. In this paper, new approaches are presented for the estimation of local point density indices while considering the 3D relationship among lidar points, the physical properties of the reflecting surfaces, and the noise level in the datasets collected by different laser scanners. The impact of considering the estimated local point density variations on the quality of lidar data segmentation results in then investigated by performing a quality control procedure. Quantitative evaluation of segmentation results highlights the efficacy of utilizing the estimated local point density indices for the derivation of more accurate segmentation.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58046
Title: A multi-scale approach to mapping canopy height
Author: Gordon M Green, Sean C, Ahearn, and Wenge Ni-Meister
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Vegetation height,
Abstract: Mapping vegetation height over large areas presents a problem of scale: height varies with the individual tree or stand, but the resolution of available datasets is too low to characterize this variability sufficiently for many applications. We address this problem by fusing 1 Km resolution canopy height data derived from satellite-based laser altimetry with higher-resolution land-cover data, resulting in 30 m resolution estimates of canopy height. These are downscaled further to 1 m resolution by simulating individual trees. A web service architecture is used, which allows processing to occur on demand without preprocessing large datasets. We compared the resulting canopy volumes to reference airborne lidar data from 262 randomly located 1 km2 areas within nine study sites. Results at 30 m resolution show an RMSE of 33 percent of the mean reference volume and an R2 of 0.77; at 1 m the RMSE is 66 percent and the R2 is 0.38.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58045
Title: Towards integration of GLAS into a national fuel mapping program
Author: Birgit Peterson, Kurtis Nelson, and Bruce Wylie
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Fuel mapping, GLAS data
Abstract: Comprehensive canopy structure and fuel data are critical for understanding and modeling wildland fire. The LANDFIRE project produces such data nationwide based on a collection of field observations, Landsat imagery, and other geospatial data. Where field data are not available, alternate strategies are being investigated. In this study, vegetation structure data available from GLAS were used to fill this data gap for the Yukon Flats Ecoregion of interior Alaska. The GLAS-derived structure and fuel layers and the original LANDFIRE layers were subsequently used as inputs into a fire behavior model to determine what effect the revised inputs would have on the model outputs. The outputs showed that inclusion of the GLAS data enabled better landscape-level characterization of vegetation structure and therefore enabled a broader wildland fire modeling capability. The results of this work underscore how GLAS data can be incorporated into LANDFIRE canopy structure and fuel mapping.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58044
Title: Moving toward consistent ALS monitoring of forest attributes across Canada: A consortium approach
Author: Chris Hopkinson, Laura Chasmer, David Colville, Richard A Fournier, Ronald J Hall, Joan E Luther, Trevor Milne, Richard M Petrone, and Benoit St-Onge
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Canadian Consortium for Lidar Environment Applications Research (C-CLEAR), airborne laser scanning (ALS)
Abstract: As airborne laser scanning (ALS) gains wider adoption to support forest operations in Canada, the consistency and quality of derivative products that support long-term monitoring and planning are becoming a key issues for managers. The Canadian Consortium for Lidar Environment Applications Research (C-CLEAR) has supported almost 209 projects across Canada since 2000, with forsest-related studies being a dominant theme. In 2010 and 2011, field operations were mobilized to support 13 ALS projects spanning almost the full longitudinal gradient of Canada ' s forests. This paper presents case studies for seven plus an overview of some best practices and data processing workflow tools that have resulted from these consortium activities. Although the projects and research teams are spread across Canada,the coordination and decade of experience provided through C-CLEAR have brought common methodologies elements to all. It is clear that operational, analytical and reporting guidelines that adhere to community accepted standards are required if teh benfits promised by ALS forestry are to be realized. A national Lidar Institute that builds upon the C-CLEAR model and focuses on developing standards, guidelines, and certified training would address this need.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58043
Title: Generation and dissemination of a National virtual 3D city and landscape model for the Netherlands
Author: Sander Oude Elberink, Jantien Stoter, Hugo Ledoux, and Tom Commandeur
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: landscape model, database
Abstract: This paper describes the generation and dissemination of a national three-dimensional (3D) dataset representing the virtual and landscape model. The 3D model is produced automatically by fusing a two -dimensional (2D) national object-oriented database describing the physical landscape and the national high-resolution height model of the Netherlands. Semantic constraints are introduced to correctly model 3D objects. Three areas from different regions in the Netherlands have been processed in order to develop, improve, and test the automatic generation of a national 3D city and landscape model. Specific attention has been paid to exceptional cases that may occur in a nationwide dataset. Based on the test result, the Kadaster, the national agency in the Netherlands responsible for the production of nation wide geo-information, decided that it is feasible to produce a national 3D city and landscape model that fulfills the specifications that were defined as part of this study. Future research is identified to make the results further ready for practice.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58042
Title: A framework for the registration and segmentation of heterogeneous Lidar data
Author: M Al-Durgham and A Habib
Editor: James R Plasker
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS , Vo 79, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Lidar, laser scanners
Abstract: Lidar has been established over the past few years as a mainstream tool for the acquisition of three dimensionl point data. Besides the conventional mapping missions, lidar has proven to be very useful for a wide spectrum of applications such as forestry, urban planning, structural deformation analysis, and reverse engineering. In the context of a nation wide dataset, it is safe to assume that multiple laser scanners are under different conditions to collect the data. Current registration and segmentation algorithms assume homogeneity in the local point density and accuracy which is an invalid assumption that cannot be tolerated. As a consequence of the wide range of lidar sensors currently available, it is becoming crucial to develop algorithms for the registration and segmentation of lidar data with significantly varying characteristics (i.e., varying point density and accuracy). In this paper, a methodology for the optimal registration and segmentation of heterogeneous lidar data is presented. An example of integrating airborne and terrestrial laser scans is presented and followed by a discussion of the pros of the integration process.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58041
Title: Lilium mackliniae sealy an endemic lily of North east India, its distribution and status in the wild
Author: A A Mao and R Gogoi
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvai
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TheForestry
Keywords: Lilium mackliniae, endemic, distribution , status; North East India
Abstract: The paper reports Lilium mackliniae, an endemic lily from north east India, its distribution and status in natural habitats. The main threats to the species and habitats due to frequent forest fire and rapid colonization by a dwarf bamboo after forest fire are discussed along with conservation measures which need to be taken for its protection.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58040
Title: Pathological investigation of dying Mimusops elengi Linn. avenue trees in Assam
Author: Reeta Choudhury and R M Dubey
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvai
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TheForestry
Keywords: Mimusops elengi , pathological investigation, medicinal uses, Assam
Abstract: Mimusops elengi Linn. is a member of family Sapotaceae and is one of the best plants recommended for avenue plantation because of its scented flowers, edible fruits, medicinal uses and dense crown. The present study was undertaken to find ouit the cause of mortality in M. elengi trees. A total of 60 inocula from affected root samples collected from dead trees were planted which yielded a total of 72 fungi. Two types of fungi were isolated, of which Ganoderma applanatum was found dominant based on colony features of the cultures and their morphologies.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58039
Title: Tapping Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits for nutraceutical beverages
Author: S K Jain, Jitendra Singh and P S Chauhan
Editor: Dr P P Bhojvai
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 2, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: TheForestry
Keywords: Emblica officinalis, Indian gooseberry, fruit, nutraceutical, pharmacological properties
Abstract: In present paper it has been strived to deal all nutraceutical attributes of ' aonia ' rendering it suitable for processing besides delineating scope for development of beverages there from. ' Aonla ' had been under use for preparatin of conventional processed products such as preserve, ' chyavanprash ' , candy, dehydrated shreds, pickle, etc. Being rich source of vitamin C and poly phenols, aonla has strong antioxidant activity and therefore getting popular in recent years as nutraceutical food. But the harsh processing treatments involved may sometimes cause significant loss in its nutritive and pharmacological properties. Hence, alternatively aonla is put to use in the development of juice and beverages. Since it is highly acidic and astringent in taste it has to be mixed with other fruit juices such as lime, ginger, etc for preparation of RTS, squash and syrups. Similarly, aonia juice could be utilized to mix with other fruit juices for development of vitamin C rich fruit juice based beverages.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None