ID: 58608
Title: Evaluation of Nursery Technique of Diploknema Butyracea
Author: Nawa Bahar, Preeti Sharma and A. S. Rawat
Editor: Arun Singh Rawat, IFS
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dr. Lalit Narayan, Asst Silviculturist (G0 From Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Vol 139, No.5 May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Germination, Seedling growth, Nursery technique, Transplanted polybags
Abstract: Diploknema butyracea is fast growing species belonging to family Sapotaceae. Seed germination and seeding growth parameters (collar diameter, hight, number of leaves, leaf area, blomass and stock quality index) has been studied in field condition to evaluate the nursery technique for quality seedling production. The seed germination was found polybags was better in comparision to the transplanted polybags.
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58607
Title: Urban Greening Regulations In India: Status and Future Approaches
Author: Suresh Chandra Gairola
Editor: Arun Singh Rawat, IFS
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dr. Lalit Narayan, Asst Silviculturist (G0 From Forest Research Institute, Dehradun Vol 139, No.5 May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Urban greening, Regulations, Town planning, Participatory approaches
Abstract: People ' s increasing awareness about loss of green cover and its impact on climate, change, human health and general well-being has brought the issue of urban greening regulations into prominence. This paper health examines the evolution and effectiveness of existing regulatory framework related to urban greening issues in India. The limitations and reasons for only partial success of the existing regulations are studied. The role of various agencies like central government, state governments, muncipal authorities, non-governmental organisations, voluntary agencies and civil societies, in improvement of urban environment is focused. The limitations of the existing regulations related to planting, maintenance and cutting of trees as in existence in various prominent states is analysed. The study reveals that urban greening lacks coordination, focus and priority in planning and implementation at national and regional level. Town planning norms for greening are not followed. The emphasis is primarily on regulating tree cutting rather than involving the stakeholders and civil society in creation and maintenance of additional green cover.
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58606
Title: Vermicomposting of Green Waste Using Earthworm Lumbricus Rubellus
Author: T. R. Sethuraman and K. V. Kavitha
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Green waste Vermicomposting Lumbricus rubellus
Abstract: India produses huge volume of organic waste annually. This waste comes from agriculture, urban and industrial sources and also from domestic activities. Utilization of this waste material for productivity process is important for both economical and environmental reasons. In the present study an attempt was made to convert the biodegradable green wastes into value addes compost using an exotic earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. The experiments were carried out in a plastic tray at 50% concentrations of green waste for a period of 60 days. Chemical analysis of worked substrates indicated step-wise increase of nitrogen and phosphorus. The increase of phosphorus and nitrogen were found to be high for green waste undergoing vermicomposting. During the composting period the oraganic carbon decreased from its initial value 7.12% to 5.09%. The results indicate that 50% concentration of waste mixed with bedding material was ideal for the vermicomposting.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58605
Title: Studies on Efficacy of Sewage Sludge as an Agricultural Supplement for the Assessment of Growth Performance of Brinjal (Solanum melongena var. Local long)
Author: F. A. Lone, Sabia Zaffar, Nousheen Qureshi, A. Q. Rather and N. A. Kirmani
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Agricultural supplement Sewage sludge Solanum melongena Growth performance
Abstract: Application of sewage sludge in agriculture is gaining momentum in many countries and is considered as an efficient waste management option. Sewage sludge is enriched with organic matter, nutrients and trace metals taht can improve plant growth and soil fertility. In the present study an experiment was carried out wherein different concentrations of sewage sludge alone and in combination with different recommended doses of fertilizers (RDF) were to assess to growth performance of brinjal (Solanum melongena var. Local long), a commonly cultivated vegetable of Kashmir valley. The field experiment was carried out during summer (Kharif) 2010 and involved five treatments (T1=Recommended dose of fertilizers: T2=100% Sewage Suldge: T3=75% Sewage Suldge+25% RDF: T4=50% Sewage Suldge+50% RDF: T5=50% Sewage Sludge+25% RDF) each with three replications. The data regarding chemical analysis of sewage sludge and pe and post experiment soil samples with respect to pH, EC, OC, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb is within permissible limits. The highest yield of brinjal was recorded in T1 (327.67q/ha), followed by 290.21q/ha in T4, Fruit quality parameters viz. carbohydrate and protein content did not exhibit any significant variation between various treatment. On the other hand ascorbic acid content of fruit, foliar photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll) all morphological parameters recorded different values in different treatments. Results revealed that application of sewage sludge did not have any adverse impact on fruit quality and can be used for the improvement of plant growth and soil quality. By utilizing sewage sludge in agriculture, environmental degradation can be minimized.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58604
Title: Effect of Urbanization on Groundwater Quality of Tirumangalam Taluk, Madurai
Author: A. S. Kanagalakshmi and S. Nagan
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water Quality Index Groundwater quality Urbanization Land use/land cover Tirumangalam taluk
Abstract: Urban expansion is major driving force altering local and regional hydrology. During the past several decades, groundwater quality has emerged as one of the most important and confronting environmental issues and it plays a significant role in the national economy through satisfying various water needs. It has speacial significance and needs greater attention of all concerned since it is a major alternate source of domestic, industrial and drinking water supply. In this paper, groundwater quality of water samples of eleven locations situated in Tirumangalam Taluk have been compared with respect to land use land change between 2002 and 2011. Groundwater samples were tested for nine physico-chemical parameters following the standard methods and procedures.BIS drinking water quality standards were adopted for calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) to find suitability of water for drinking purpose. The overall view of the water quality index of the samples from the present study area reveals that the groundwater quality is getting deteriorated over a period of nine years and it creates negative impact on environmental quality.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58603
Title: A Comparative Study on the Effect of Seaweed Liquid Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Vigna radiata (L.)
Author: G. Chitra and P. S.Sreeja
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Seaweed liquid fertilizer Vigna radiata Seed germination Chlorophyll
Abstract: The effect of liquid extracts of two seaweeds, Caulerpa paltata and Gracilaria corticata on seed germination, growth and pigment contents of Greengram (Vigna rediata L.) was studied. The extracts promoted seed germination at lower levels of seaweed liquid fertilizer application. The plant treatedwith 4% seaweed liquied fertilizer of Gracilria corticata showed maximum shoot length, root length, number of leaves, number of fruits, number of root nodules, chlorophyll contents (a,b and total chlorophyll).
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58602
Title: Ecological Studies of Mir Alam Lake With Reference to Water Quality
Author: Amin Hossaini Motlagh, K. Navatha and P. Manikya Reddy
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mir Alam Lake Ecological studies Water quality Algae
Abstract: The present investigationwas undertaken to elucidate certain aspects of ecology of algae and physicochemical characteristics of water with reference to water quality in Mir Alam Lake. The lake provides a wide scope of identification of algal diversity existing in it. The lake is an important source of water for zoological park and, it is essential to assess the quality of water. The analysis of the physico-chemical characteristics indicates that the water is alkaline, and carbonates were recorded in high concentration. The dissolved oxygen is present in very low concentration, and organic matter, chlorides, phosphates and total hardness were present in high concentrations in the lake. The phytoplankton is dominated by Chlorphyceae. The species Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Crucigenia, Pandorina, Euglena, Phacus and Trachelomonas were dominant, and can be used as good indicators of water quality and pollution.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58601
Title: Effects of Acute Waterborne Cadmium Exposure on Activities of Antioxidant Enzyme and Acetycholinesterase in the Fish Crimson Red Snapper (Lutjanus Erythropterus)
Author: Xue-Feng Wang, Hai-Gang Chen, Zhe Zhang, Wen-Gui Cai and Xiao-Ping Jia
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Lutjanus erythroperus Heavy metals Superoxide dismutase Maleic dialdehyde Acetylcholinesterase Oxidative stress
Abstract: Fish are widely used as biological monitors of variations in environmental levels of pollutants. To understand how the fish antioxidant, neural systems respond to the oxidative stress under acute Cd2+ exposures (0.115mg/L, 0.025mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.25mg/L), the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lip peroxidation (MDA) contents in the liver and gill, and acetycholinesterase (AChE) activities in the brainof Lutijanus erythropterus were measured respectively. Yhe results showed that the hepatic SOD activities were induced significantly (p<0.01) on 24 and 48 hours of cadmiumexposure, but inhibited on 168 hours (p<0.01), and impaired after 96 hours exposure from the content of MDA except the group of 0.005mg/L Cd2+. While the SOD activities of branchial tissues were earlier than that of the hepatic in response to the cadmium exposure (about 6 and 12 hours), but the oxidative damage to the gills was less than liver on 168 hours exposure. In addition, the activities of AChE in brain tissues were disturbed during 96 hours exposure, and inhibited on 168 hours exposure, which may have relations with the oxidative stress resulted from the cadmium exposure.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58600
Title: An Optimization Study on Equilibrium Development Technology of Horizontal Wells in Edge Water Reservoirs
Author: Cui Chuanzhi, Guo Qi, Geng Zhengling, Yang Chichen, Niu Shuanwen and Lu Zhiyong
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Horizontal well Pressure drop Equilibrium development Edge water reservoir Reservoir heterogeneity
Abstract: In the production process of horizontal well, a pressure drop exists in horizonatl wellbore from the toe to the heel. leading to different drops at various points of horizontal section. And the water will early breakthrough in local horizontal section, which influences on the development effect of horizontal wells. Thus, it is required to combine the pressure drop characteristics in horizonatl wellbore with reservoir heterogeneity and the location of horizontal section, in order to achieve equilibrium development of horizontal wells. The edge water reservoir was taken as an example in this study, where the reservoir simulation technology was used for analysing the influences of reservoir permeability difference along the horizontal wellbore, thickness difference along the horizontal wellbore and angle between horizontal section and oilwater interface on horizontal well development. As a result, reservoir parameters policy limits were obtained for achieving equilibrium development of horizontal wells, providing a basis for the optimal design of horizontal wells in edge water reservoirs.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58599
Title: Advances on the Applications of Fish Biomarkers in the Aquatic Toxicity of Heavy Metals
Author: Xue-Feng Wang and Han-Qu Zhao
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fish biomaker Heavy metal Pollution stress Biological response
Abstract: Heavy metal pollution has attracted worldwide as it threatens both the aquatic organisms and the integrity of aquatic ecosystem. Moreover, human health has faced up the challenges due to its bioaccumulation through the food chains, among of which fish consuming has been one of the important ways. This paper reviewed the sources of trace metals in coastal waters and analysed the toxicity of trace metals and its toxic mechanisms to fish as well. Recent researches and applications of the biomakers which can quantity the responce fish to pollution stress mainly including the cytochrome P450 enzymes, heat shock protein, metallothionein, antioxident enzymes and gentoxicology (DNA damage by comet assay), histopathological and morphological parameters were summarized. Finally, the paper discussed these questions to be solved in future: to improve the applications of fish biomakers and to combine the chemical analysing method, biochemical assay and biomakers response testing in assessing the risks of pollutants to aquatic ecosystem still need to be studied further.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58598
Title: Study on Biological Decolorization of Textile Sewage in Kermanshah by Microbial Isolates from Environmental Samples
Author: S. Zahmati, N. Bahador and M. Baserisalehi
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biological decolorization Microbial isolates Textile sewage Azo compounds
Abstract: Nowadays, drug, pulping, textile and other industries are developed in most of the countries and their non save sewages makes many problems for environment. One of the most important dangerous sewage is pigmented sewage, which has complex structures such as azo compounds. In Iran one of the main sources of pigmented sewage is textile manufacturing. Hence, in order to remove colour of this sewage, the present study was conducted to evaluate potential of some bacteria for dya decolourising. To perform this investigation 30 samples from soil and 10 from sewage were collected. All bacteria with potential of decolorization were osolated and identified using biochemical tests. Out of seven different isolated bacteria three were Gram positive and four were Gram negative. Optimization of decolorization for all bacteria was carried out in second step with respect to evalution of bacteria activity at different temperatures (25-45degree C), pHs (5-9) and dye concentrations (0.01-0.04g/L). The results obtained indicated that the best temperature for all bacteria tested was 35 degree C, ph 8.0, and dye concentration 0.02g/L. Therefore, decolorization of pigmented sewage for elimination of dangerous compounds could be possible using bacteria.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58597
Title: Studies on the Removal of Acid Blue 25 from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) as Adsorbent
Author: P. Santosh, A. Sridevi and C. Dhandapani
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Acid blue 25 Activated carbon Adsorption Curcuma longa (Linn.)
Abstract: Activated carbon has been eidely used as an adsorbent. Curcuma longa (Linn.) may be an alternative of activated carbon. In the present investigation the study on removal of dye Acid blue 25 using Curcuma longa waste activated carbon as an adsorbent following the down-flow column adsorption technique with a view to assess the stability of the chosen adsorbrnt for design purpose. Batch kinetic and isotherm studies were carried out at different conditions like contact time. Acid blue 25 concentration and bed height of the adsorbent. The Bohart-Adams and Thomas models were employed for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium, and finallt it has been observed that the experimental data fitted more accurately to the Thomas model for both the cases.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58596
Title: Water Conservation in Sugar Industry
Author: Baban Gunjal and Aparna Gunjal
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Water Conservation Sugar industry Effluent treatment plant Good house keeping
Abstract: Sugarcane hot water balance shows that the water content of sigarcane itself is more than sufficient for internal processing. Surplus internal water is available for external use. By recycling, reuse and good house keeping, external consumption can be minimized. The polluted water is treated by anaerobic digestion activated sludge process- pressure filtration and activated carbon. The treated water is recycled to reservoir to utilize for factory cleaning, washing, cooling water make-up, volony, gardening and irrigation. Alternatively, wastewater is made zero through bio-composting.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58595
Title: Impact of Forest Structure Simplification on Bird Species Richness in the Harena Forest of the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP), South Eastern Ethiopia
Author: Anteneh Shimelis, Mitchell Pinard and Addisu Asefa
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bird species richness Habitat structure Habitat simplification Harena forest Tree cutting
Abstract: Human simplification of habitat in the Harenna forest mainly happens by permanently removing woody vegetation. We evaluated the impact of such simplification of habitat on bird species richness. Birds were counted using the point count method at points that were laid out along transect lines, and their presence/ absence,species richness was worked out. By establishing 50m by 50m quadrates at bird counting stations, we counted the number of basal remnants of cut trees and we measured vegetation structure variables such as % grass, % other herbs, % shrubs, % bush and % canopy (tree cover). Tree bush and shrub covers did have significant positive correlation with bird species richness. As the magnitude of tree cutting increased species richness of birds declined significantly. Similarly with bird species richness, structural variables such as tree, bush and shrub covers did have significant negative correlation with the tree cutting variable. Due to this, we carried out Principal Component Analysis and the first component that was influenced mainly by tree cover and tree cutting variables significantly explained 84.7% of the variation in bird species richness is a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Bush and shrub cover did also have significant positive contribution in explaining bird species richness is noteworthy. Results showed habitat simplification through tree cutting has significant negative impact on bird species richness.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58594
Title: Industrial and Environmental Application of High Volume Fly Ash in Concrete Production
Author: R. Thangaraj and R. Thenmozhi
Editor: Dr. P. K. Goel
Year: 2013
Publisher: Technoscience Publications Vol XII, No2, June 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Fly ash HVFA concrete Plasticizer Structural properties Pozzaolanic reaction
Abstract: A large number of structural properties of plan concrete are improved with addition of admixtures to concrete. It is well known that the addition of fly ash to plain concrete improves workability, strength, durability, less permeable and more stable. In concentional concrete the flexural strength reaches a maximum value between 14 and 28 days. In high volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete the strength keeps on increasing with age because of pozzolanic reaction of fly ash and strengthening of the interfacial bond between cement paste and aggregate. The use of fly ash as a partial replacement for Portland cement will usually reduce water demand and bleeding of HVFA concrete ranges from negligible to very low. Only few reserch works have been carried out earlier on flexural study on R C conventional beams without fly ash. Therefore in this investigation an attempt has been made to study any likely improvement on the effect of fly ash on the properties of HVFA concrete in R C beam elements with confinement of stirrups in compression zone. It has suggested that the effective use of fly ash minimizes the disposal of fly ash, which also solves an environmental problem. This HVFA concrete is easy to pump, consolidate and finish the surface, free from cracks, reduces carbondioxide emissions, superior environmental friendliness, reduction in stone mining since it consumes less volume of Portland cement. The methodology adopted above improves ductility and improves the rotation capacity of the joints of framed structure, thus, improving the ultimate load carrying capacity. An attempt is also made to compare the load versus deflection of the HVFA concrete beams with conventional RCC beams and evaluated the perfomances of the proposed method of confinement. The results indicated that the confinement in the form of stirrups improves the ultimate strength and ductile behaviour of the concrete (IS 3812-1981). An attempt has been made in the present paper to highlight the utilization of fly ash in construction.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None