ID: 58983
Title: Study on Management of Sugar Cane Industry Solid Waste Using the Technique of Composting.
Author: C Thamaraiselvi, M Vasanthy.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 471-474 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sugar Industry, Solid Waste, Composting, Manurial value.
Abstract: Sugar industries play a pivotal role to improve the economy of our country. For the management of sugar industry solid waste (press mud and bagasse) an effort was taken. The press mud and bagasse mixed with garden waste and cow dung were subjected to the process of a composting (anaerobic decomposition) in 1:1:2 ratio. One set of component was moistened with water (A) and another one was moistened with spent wash (B). As spent wash is characterised with high BOD and COD along with high nitrate, phosphate, pottasium and other minerals, it was selected for moistening the organic waste. After the experimental period (95 days) the reduction of organic matter and C:N ratio was considerable. The amount of N, P, K in compostA was found to be 2.4%, 0.71% and 2.14% respectively. The N.P.K value of compost B was found to be 2.8%, 0.85% and 3.59% respectively. All these nutrients have considerably increased in compost B than compostA. The C:N ratio of both the composts was around 11:1, which has been reduced from the initial of 25:1 ratio. The identified organisms Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were involved in the composting process of A. Besides these organisms, compost B also has Seratia sp. Hence, from these observations, it is clear that the press mud and bagasse in combination with garden waste and cow dung may be utilized for the production of compost successfully. This technique further minimizes the environmental hazards that could have been caused by press mud and spent wash if they were disposed off as such in the environment.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58982
Title: Pesticide Exposure and Cancers in Barpeta District, Assam - A Caste for Control Study.
Author: M Hazarika, R Hazarika.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 467-470 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pesticides, Occupational exposure, Cancer, Barpeta district.
Abstract: Occupational exposure of carcinogenic pesticides in agricultural fields of Barpeta district, Lower Assam, is a matter of concern. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between exposures of carcinogenic pesticides and occurence of cancer in the agricultural region of Barpeta district. A structured questionniare was employed in a field based case-control study to gather information on demographics, occupation, pesticide exposure, agricultural practices, family history and medical history along with smoking habit. One hundred cases of different cancers were identified in the field. The control (100) were chosen from the same environment in terms of age, sex, smoking and other food habit. To control confounders, multiple logistic regression anaysis was used. To assess the dose respond relationship between exposure and disease, the chi-square test for trend was used.One hundred (100) historically confirmed cancer cases were detected from the year 2008-2010. Sex and age matched one hundred controls were included in the study. Pesticide exposure independently associated with different types of cancer in the region. Lung cancer (OR=1.138, 0.790-1.48, P=0.769), Throat cancer (OR=1.426, 0.564-3.78, P=0.735), leukaemia (OR=1.167, 0.261-5.909, P=0.056), stomach cancer (OR=1.069, 0.281-4.385. P=1.00). Pesticide exposure exposure strongly associated with cancer after controlling smoking. Cancer was associated with pesticide exposure after controlling cofounders. Smoking and eating during pesticide application were identified as modifying factors for increasing the risk of cancer. The poor pesticide work practices identified during this study. Proper training and educational campaigns are essential for handling pesticides.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58981
Title: Spatio-Temporal Variations of Urban NO2 Concentrations in China.
Author: Fangshu Gao, Ying Peng, Guoxiang Wang, Yi Qian.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 461-466 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Urban NO2 concentration, Spatial variation, Temporal variation, China.
Abstract: The spatial and temporal characteristics of NO2 concentration were analysed from 31 cities in China over a six-year period (2003-2008). Urban NO2 concentrations were in the range of 12-73?g/m3, and its pollution levels had and expanding trend in the temporal variations during 2003-2008. Spatially, there was an evident difference for urban NO2 concentration in the three regions of the eastern, central and western China. NO2 concentrations in cities had a significant reduction in eastern China, and obviously heightened trend in central China and a small heightened trend in western China due to the combined effects of industrial structural transformation and industrial upgrading , as well as control measure.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58980
Title: Relationship Analysis Between Cultivated Land Resource Change and Ecomomic Growth: A Case Study in Sichuan Provinces, China.
Author: Liangqian Fan, Fenghui Chen, Hongbing Luo.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 455-460 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cultivated land, Economic growth, Per capita GDP, Correlation equation.
Abstract: Based on the statistics in Sichuan province during 1978-2010, the dynamic process of cultivated land area change and economic growth was analysed firstly. And then, the regression model between cultivated land area and pre capita GDP was established. At last, the cultivated land area under different levels of economic growth was predicted according to the established regression model. The results were that the cultivated land area in Sichuan province showed the decreased trend and the decreased trend can be divided into three phases, slowly decreasing phase, drastically decreasing phase and eased phase, in the past 33 years. The cultivated land area and pre capita GDP were negatively correlated and correlation equation was a logarithmic decreasing functionin Sichuan province. With the gradual increase of the per capita GDP, the cultivated land area will decrease slowly in the future, but the decreasing trend may be stabilized. Combined with the development status of Sichuan province, the results indicated that the contraction between the cultivated land area and pre capita GDP Can be mitigated or even eliminated with scientific land management strategy, input increase and technological transformation. On the basis of the study, the protection suggestions were proposed from the point of view of avoiding occupation and degradation of cultivated land.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58979
Title: Resource Utilization of Returned Rapeseed Straw and its Effect on Soil Fertility and Crop Yields.
Author: Hu Hong-xiang, Ma You-hua, Wang Yu-fang, Di Yun-Fei.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 449-454 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Rapeseed straw, Decomposition, Resource utilization, Crop yield, Soil fertility.
Abstract: In order to study the decomposition characteristics of returned rapeseed straw in the process of resource utilization and the effect on the soil fertility and crop yields, different treatments of soil with returned rapeseed straw were conducted using the nylon net bag method of field trials. Different treatments include varied amounts of straw , depths to be buried in soil, and addition of straw decomposing bacteria. The results showed that the decomposition ratio of rapeseed straw increased with time and the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw was faster in the first 30 days and then slowed down untill the end of 120 days. Straw decomposition rate was negatively correlated with the amounts of returned rapeseed straw. The decomposition rate of rapeseed straw on the soil surface. Decomposition ratio of rapeseed straw improved the physical and chemical properties of soil and increased the soil nutrient content and rice yields. The study provided the basic parameters for controlling the rapeseed straw decompostion rate, which improved the agricultural eco-environment.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58978
Title: Performance Evaluation of Eco-friendly Green Concrete.
Author: A Arun Kumar, A S Santhi, G Mohan Ganesh.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 443-448 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Accelerated curing, Bottom ash utilization, Eco-friendly green concrete.
Abstract: This study was aimed to minimize the use of natural river sand which is being used for several years in construction, and to utilize bottom ash from thermal power station as a partial replacement (30%, 60%,100%) for fine aggregate. An experimental investigation has been carried out to find the compressive strength of the replaced eco-friendly green concrete with different curing methods. An equation recommended by ACI committee for conventional concrete was used to predict 56,90 and 180 days compressive strength from 28 days compressive strength of the eco-friendly green (bottom ash) concrete that resulted with the difference between the experimental and predicted compressive strength to ?12%. To minimize the percentage of difference, an empirical relationship was developed between the compressive strength of accelerated curing and normal curing (28, 56, 90, 180 days). It is concluded that empirical relationship predicts later age compressive strength with the minimum percentage of difference. This study of predicting later age compressive strength from empirical relationship will ultimately save time, material and most importantly assessing the quality of the design of construction.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58977
Title: A Comparitive Study on the Presence of Halophilic Vibrios in Edible Oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis from the Backwaters of Chennai Coast.
Author: C Ganga Baheerathi, K Revathi.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 439-442 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coastal Ecosystems, Halophilic vibrios, Crassostrea madrasensis.
Abstract: Vibrios contribute the major part among water and foodborne pathogens in coastal ecosystems. The members of the family Vibrionaceae contribute 60% of the total bacterial population. The current work is aimed at the analyses of the Ennore, Royapuram and Muttukadu. The Oysters were collected, and total heterotrophic bacteria were analysed using selective non-selective agar medium and further confirmed by biochemical tests. The predominant pathogenic halophilic Vibrios, Vibro alginolytics, V.parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi were the dominant species identified in Crassostrea madrasensis
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58976
Title: Study on the Properties of Calcined Waste Mussel Shell.
Author: Yijun Zhang, Shengyong, Peiran Chen.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 435-438 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mussel shell, Differential thermal analysis, Specific surface area, Orthological design.
Abstract: Mussel shell has been calcined on high temperature. Its main component calcium carbonate is decomposed into CO2 and calcium oxide. Calcium oxide is superbase catalyst for the transesterification reaction. By means of differential thermal balance, the decomposition characteristics of mussel shell have been studied. And of electron microscope, TEM shows grain morphology characteristics of calcination at different calcining temperatures. Oraganic matter has decomposed during 287?C-458? C. Decomposition of calcium carbonate starts from 600?C to 800?C, when it was balanced. By use of orthogonal analysis, the main influence factors of specific surface area have been optimized. The optimal process parameters are 950? C calcination temperature, 120 ?m initial diameter and 1 hour holding time.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58975
Title: Environment and Sustainable Development: A Study Among the Tribes of Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh.
Author: V Subramanyam and B. Veerabhadrudu.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 425-434 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Sustainable Development, Tribal ecology, Eastern Ghats, Biodiversity.
Abstract: This paper provides the existing interrelationship between environment and sustainable development. In addition to this, it discusses about tribal ecology, livelihoods of tribes, issue of shifting cultivation and deforestation, Indigenous Knowledge of tribals in protection, conservation and regeneration of natural resources and strategies for sustainable development of tribes in Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh specific and other tribal areas, in general. All these aspects in the paper are explained with the eviidence of an empirical case study of Eastern Ghats forest environment of A.P. in which around 27 hill tribes inhabits. These tribes are distributed in the tribal sub-plan areas of Vishakapatnam, Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, East Godavari, West Godavari, Khammam, Mahaboob Nagar and Wrangal Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The paper forms the part of a Major Research Project Report "Environment and Sustainable Development: An Anthropological Study Among Tribes of Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh" sponsered by I C S S R, New Delhi.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58974
Title: Comparative Study on the Modelling of Mixing Length Distribution in the Sediment-Laden Flow.
Author: Ni Zhihui, Wu Lichun, Zhang Xujin, Yi Jing, Zeng Qiang.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 419-424 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Mixing length, Linear distribution, Parabolic distribution, Sediment concentration.
Abstract: In view of the established mixing length model with lack of outside China applicability, different forms of flow must be adopted. Firstly, from motion mechanism of mixing-length of the sediment-laden flow, a new mixing-length distribution mode in vertical was deduced by combining flow turbulence theory with applied mathematics theory. Then, the existing typical experimental data were verified well, and by comparing linear distribution and parabolic distribution, the result shows that the distribution is superior to the latter two. Finally, its dynamics lead to mixing-length distribution characteristic is also discussed preliminarily, and influence of the sediment concentration on the distribution of the mixing-length. The established expression on the vertical distribution of the mixing-length is not only simple and explicit, but also better reflects the motion characteristics of the complex flow, for the foundation of further study on the velocity profile of the sediment flow.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58973
Title: Levels of Accumulation and Release Mechanism of Pollutants in Sediments of Lihe River as a Water Conveyance Canal.
Author: Liqin Zhu, Cuiling Jiang, Youheng Wang, Yanmei Peng, Peng Zhang.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 413-418 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Lihe river, Water conveyance canal, Sediments, Pollutants.
Abstract: Lihe River as an important water conveyance canal of diversion project from Luanhe River to Tianjin should convey 40-50 m3/s water in each spring and autumn. With the variation of water discharge, the sediments with poor viscosity and great suspension capability were very prone to re-suspension and pollutants release easily. In order to study the effects of pollutants release in sediments on river during water diversion period and set out proper protection scheme to prevent the second pollution, experiments were done to make clear the levels of accumulation and release mechanism of pollutants in sediments. First, compared with those in Haihe River, Wulihu Lake and Xuanwuhu Lake, the average value of 5.18 mg/kg was much higher, while TN reaching 2.99 mg/kg, a little higher than others. Second, water diversion indeed made pollutants in sediments release quickly and threaten water quality seriously. TN was the main pollutant, a high level in both river and sediments, which kept releasing with the maximum release amounts of 9.16 g/m2 and intensity 4.2 g/m2 /d and had a great negative influence. TP and Fe with the maximum release amounts were 0.248 g/m2 and 1.7g/m2 with maximum release intensities of 0.248g/m2/d and 1.7g/m2/d respectively. They released fast and deposited also fast, and were the potential pollutants and the release amounts could not be neglected during the initial water diversion period.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58972
Title: Study on the Changing Law of Dissolved Oxygen and Dissolved Oxygen Saturation in Baiyang Lake.
Author: Jianwei Ma, Junliang Liu, Shuxuan Liang.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 407-412 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Baiyang Lake, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Oxygen saturation.
Abstract: We studied the changing laws of dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved oxygen saturation of Baiyang Lake in the past few years. The analysis of dissolved oxygen was from two angles, they were monitoring value and saturability. The results showed that concentration of dissolved oxygen in Baiyang Lake was between 4.08mg/L and 15.00mg/L, and concentration of dissolved oxygen in a day with the changes of light intensity showed a strong regularity, it was identical in changes of photosynthesis of aquatic plants. The volatality of the changes in the dissolved oxygen in summer and autumn were more than in spring and winter. The average values of dissolved oxygen were greater in winter than in spring and greater than in autumn and greater than in summer. This was related to water temperature, biomass and biological activities of lives. Dissolved oxygen saturabilities were close to 100% in spring and summer so photosynthesis was stronger than oxidation in water. Dissolved oxygen saturabilities in autumn and winter nevertheless were less than 100% and oxidation in water was in a dominate place. Following the comprehensive analysis, dissolved oxygen in Baiyang Lake was mainly affected by temperature, organic matter concentration and water-plants. The characteristics of photosynthesis were obvious in spring and summer and the oxidation in autumn and winter were obvious.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58971
Title: Adsorption of Reactive Blue and Direct Red Dyes on Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) - Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies.
Author: Parul Bhatt, Raj K Vyas, Prabhat Pandit, Manish Sharma.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 397-405 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Dye adsorption, Powdered activated carbon, Chemical Kinetics, Thermodynamic studies.
Abstract: The present study deals with the adsorptive removal of Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) and Direct Red 81 (DR81) from their aqueous solutions. Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent. Batch studies were performed to analyse various experimental parameters like adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial dye concentration. Optimum PAC doses for RB19 and DR81were found to be 0.2 g/L and 0.3g/L, respectively. Effective pH for RB19 and DR81removal was found to be 2 and 7, respectively. In addition, high percent removal with decrease in initial dye concentration was observed. Quasi-equilibrium was attained in 3h for both dyes. Psuedo-second-order rate equation satisfactorily represented the adsorption kinetics for both the dyes. Langmuir and Temkin isotherms were found to best represent the equilibrium data for DR 81-PAC system whereas for RB 19-PAC system Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best suited. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of both the dyes onto PAC was exothermic in nature.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58970
Title: Investigation of the Removal Efficiency of Foulants by Anoxic/Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Pickle Wastewater.
Author: Hongxiang Chai, Shen Li.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 391-396 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pickle waste water, Membrane bioreactor, Salinity Anoxic/aerobic.
Abstract: Pickle wastewater was treated by anoxic/aerobic membrane bioreactor. Three groups of experiments were designed under the condition of different feed loadings to research on treating pickle wastewater by mixed MBR with PVDF. In the case of normal temperature, the salinity was 2-3%, the bio-film density was 15% in both of the anoxic and serobic zones; DO was 1mg/L and MLSS was 2000 mg/L and MLSS was 6000 mg/L in the aerobic zone. The ratio of the recycling mixture was 200%; the sorption pumps were turned off for 3 minutes in every 10 minutes; the pressure gradient was 15KPa. According to the study of removal efficiencies of organic pollutant, it indicates that when the feed loading is 1.2 kg COD/(m3.d), the removal efficiency is optimal. And the effluent concentrations of COD, NH4+-N and SS satisfy the requirement of the first class discharge standard of comphrehensive discharge standard of sewage (GB8978-1996)
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58969
Title: Characterization and Valuation of the Domestic Solid Waste of Fidjrosse District in Cotonou (Republic of Benin) by Aerobic Composting.
Author: Cyrille Tchakpa, Patrick A Edorh, Patient Guedenon, Michel Boko.
Editor: K P Sharma, P K Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Tara P Goel, Technoscience Publications.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol 12(no 3), pp. 383-390 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Domestic solid waste, Fermentable waste Aerobic composting, Fidjrosse
Abstract: This work proceeded in Fidjrosse district in Cotonou from November 2009 to December 2010. It consisted with a field investigation, with the characterization of urban solid waste collected in this district, with valorisation by aerobic composting of the fermentable fraction of the waste. From work of investigation it arises that 25 % of households continue to throw their faeces on wild dumps while 13.33% continue to make the incineration. 81.67% of the surveyed households have daily production of waste lower than 1kg. The characterization of collected waste records in mass 50.19% of biodegradable matters; 8.31% of plastics; 4% of paperboard; 1.58% of metal; 1.11% of textile debris of mattress; 1.01% of glasses; 0.79 of shoes and leathers;0.7% of used batteries; 75% of moisture for the fermentable fraction. On the whole, 262 kg of fermentable waste was composted with an output of 65, 67% which is approximately 172 kg of ripe compost. The physico-chemical characteristics of the compost obtained give inter alia values a report of ratio C/N of 11.69 % and one rate of total phosphorus 0.062%. The real-mould of our compost has a heavy CEC and holds the nutritive mineral ions as the cations K+ and Ca2+ and phosphate so as to make available for plants for their growth and to improve the soil fertility of the site as well as its increased need for organic soil conditioner.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None