ID: 59028
Title: Winter sorghum productivity as influenced by resource conservation and nutrient management- A farmer participatory approach.
Author: S K N Math and S L Patil.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 163-169 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Integrated nutrient management, Moisture conservation practices, Sorghum, Winter season.
Abstract: Greater and sustainable winter sorghum productivity in Vertisols of Semi-Arid Tropics in south India in farmers ' s fields can be achieved through rainwater conservation, nutrient management and cultivation of an improved variety. In view of this situation, a study was conducted on farmers ' s fields to assess the effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices, integrated nutrient management and cultivation of improved winter sorghum cultivars on sorghum productivity in Vertisols of south India. Compartmental bunding along with integrated nutrient management and improved sorghum grain and straw yields by 13% to 14% and 14% to 26% over no compartmental bunding in Bellary district of Karnataka and Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh states, respectively in India. Integrated nutrient management at 60 kg N with 3 t FYM ha-1and Azospirillum seed treatment increased sorghum grain yield from 24% to 27% and straw yields from 23% to 30% compared to farmers practice of nutrient application at 10 kg N + 3 t FYM ha-1in both Bellary and Kurnool districts, respectively. Sorghum cultivar "CSV-216R" produced 8% to 10% higher grain yield over local "M35-1" cultivar in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states, respectively. Cultivation of "CSV-216R" cultivar of winter sorghum with formation of compartmental bunding during June and application of 60 kg N ha-1+ 3 t FYM ha-1 with Azosprillum seed treatment produced greater net returns of Rs21418 ha-1 and Rs 21058 ha-1with higher B:C ratio of 2.29 and 2.31compared to lower net returns of Rs 11754 ha-1 with B:C ratio of 1.84 and 1.81 with farmers cultivation practices observed in Bellary and Kurnool districts, respectively.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59027
Title: Moisture conservation practices in blackgram for pulse security in semi-arid tropics.
Author: M L Jat, S K Sharma, A K Kothari, R K Sharma, K Pareek, Monika Kumari.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 158-162 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: B: C ratio, Raised bed, Runoff, Soil loss, Summer deep ploughing, Water use efficiency.
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Dryland Farming Research Station, Arjia, Bhilwara during kharif seasons of 2010 and 2011 with an objective to find out a suitable in-situ moisture conservation practice for blackgram to enhance productivity. Results of the study revealed that raised bed of 40 cm width with summer deep ploughing produced the higher blackgram seed yield of 1239 kg ha-1with B:C ratio of 3.33 and water use efficiency of 2.01 kg ha-1mm-1. Blackgram seed yield increased from 82% to 118% compared to other moisture conservation practices and control. Summer deep ploughing alone increased blackgram seed yield by 16% to 21% over shallow tillage. Lower run off and soil loss was recorded in raised bed of 40 cm width with summer deep ploughing. Additional cost of cultivation of Rs 500 ha-1incurred in formation of raised bed of 40 cm width compared to raised bed of 70 cm width and produced additional net returns of Rs. 2.19 ha-1rupee -1 of investment.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59026
Title: Assessment of soil fertility status for sustainable crop production in a watershed of Semi-Arid Tropics in Southern India.
Author: M Prabhavathi, S L Patil, A Raizada.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 151-157 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Micronutrients, Nutrients index, Semi-arid tropics, Soil Fertility, Zinc deficiency.
Abstract: Assessment of the soil fertility status in a watershed was carried out for efficient soil management and cropping systems for sustainable yields. Composite soil samples in surface soil (0-15 cm) from 253 locations were collected from the watershed by considering their physiographic units. Samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available N, P2O5 and K2O and micronutrients i,e. Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. Results revealed that Nutrient Index of organic carbon (g kg-1), available N (kg ha-1) and zinc (mg kg-1) were very low and nutrient index was medium for available P2O5 and K2O in the watershed. The extent of deficiency of organic carbon, nitrogen and zinc was 63%, 86% and 58%, respectively. The study indicated that the low organic carbon, and nitrogen in soils were attributed to low application rates of organic material, high temperature and low rate of application of N fertilizers, especially in the rainfed areas. To build up organic matter and native nitrogen and maintain nutrient balance in the soil, farmers are advised to adopt FYM and ZnSO4 application, crop rotation of groundnut with bajra, intercropping of groundnut with redgram in the rainfed areas, whereas in irrigated areas, crop rotation along with application of farm yard manure, SSP and ZnSO4 can enhance crop production and soil fertility.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59025
Title: Agroclimatic models as a tool to predict biophysical variables and productivity in oilseed Brassica Juncea) under semiraid subtropical environment.
Author: Tarun Adak, Gopal Kumar, N V K Chakravarty.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 141-150 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Biophysical variables, Indian mustard, regression models, Thermal units.
Abstract: Quantification of plants biophysical variable, economic yield and oil content of oilseed Brassica is important to know the potential impact of in-season weather variability. Agrocllimatic models may be used to predict the plants response and adaptability in the soil-plants-atmospheric systems and thereby screening various mitigation options to combat impinging climate change. In this study, some important biophysical indicators viz,. leaf area index (LAI), dry biomass, economic seed yield and oil content of Indian mustard have been predicted using thermal unit based regression models following field experimentations carried out in two consecutive winter seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 on a sandy clay loam soil of IARI research farm, New Delhi. Linear and non-linear regression models were developed in which thermal indices viz,. Growing Degree Days (GDD), Heliothermal Unit (HTU) and Photothermal Unit (PTU) have been used as independent variables. These thermal units were cumulated up to maximum leaf area index and dry biomass and 50% physiological maturity. Models developped from pooled data showed statistically significant and positive correlations existed between biophysical variables with thermal units. GDD and PTU based regression models may be recommended for predicting leaf area index (LAI=0.008 ? GDD- 3.54; R2=0.78** and LAI=0.008 ? GDD- 3.31; R2=0.75**) and dry biomass production (Dry biomass = 1.89 ? GDD- 1060.3; R2=0.87** and Dry biomass = 0.15 ? PTU- 794.02; R2=0.85**). HTU based regression models were found to be better predictor only when accumulated values of the index exceeded 1000? Cd hours (LAI=0.0005 ? HTU + 0.69; R2=0.31** and Dry biomass =0.11 ? HTU - 202.81; R2=0.51**). The generated agroclimatic models may be complementary to decision support systems for predicting biophysical parameters under semi-arid subtropical environment using daily information on critical weather parameters.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59024
Title: Effect of different mulches on soil erosion and carry-over of residual soil moisture for sowing of rabi crop in maize-wheat cropping sequence in rainfed Shivaliks of Punjab.
Author: Bharat Bhusan Vashisht, B S Sidhu, Satvinder Singh, Nilesh Biwalkar.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 136-140 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Mulches, Runoff, Shivaliks, Soil loss, Water retention, Water use efficiency.
Abstract: The Shivalilks are prone to water erosion and the crops in this ecosystem usually suffer water stress under limited and eratic water supply condition. After maize (Zea mays L.) harvest, lack of adequate seed-zone moisture is a major limiting factor in the timely sowing of rabi crop i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Use of mulches not only conserve the rainwater but also reduce runoff and soil loss. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soils during 2005-06 and 2006-07 to study the effect of different mulching materials on the soil erosion and grain yield of maize, and carryover residual soil moisture for the sowing of rainfed wheat. Three mulching materials i.e. Sugarcane trash, twigs and leaves of basooti and subabul were used as mulching materials in the maize. Lower runoff and soil loss was recorded in the plots mulched with sugarcane trash followed by subabul, basooti and higher under the unmulched (control) plots. More water was conserved in the profiles with mulched treatments as compared to the control during crop growth and at the harvest of maize. Mulching in preceding maize helped in carrying-over the residual soil moisture for sowing of rainfed wheat. The higher grain yield as well as water use efficiency (WUE) were recorded under the treatment with sugarcane trash mulch followed by subabul, basooti and least under the control plots in both maize and wheat. Mulching with different materials and increased maize yield by 18-76% and that of wheat by 1-56%. Soil organic carbon and water retension characteristics also improved with the mulch applications especially with subabul and basooti.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59023
Title: Maintenance of soil biological health under different crop production systems.
Author: M C Manna, A Subba Rao, A Mandal.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 127-135 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Crop productivity, Soil health, Soil nutrient, Soil orgnic carbon.
Abstract: Assessment and regular monitoring of soil health provide oppurtunity to evaluate land use management systems for sustainability of crop production and minimal environmental degradation. The cause of deterioration of soil health are extensive mining of nutrients from soil, huge gaps between nutrients in plants and soil; insufficient use of organic inputs in soil; development of acidity; salinity and alkalinity; build up of heavy metal toxicity and development of soil sickness due to undesirable microorganisms. Monitoring of soil health is important but the usefulness of the data will only be realized if it is used in management decisions to correct deficiencies or improve the quality of the soil resources. To assess soil health minimum data sets of physical, chemical and biological properties that can be used as quantitative indicators of soil quality/health have assumed crucial significance.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59022
Title: Appraisal of the erosion status in the eastern coastal region of India.
Author: B S Naik, R K Panda, Praveen Jakhar, Anchal Dass, M Madhu.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 121-126 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Coastal ecosystem, Conservation measures, Erosion Index, Erosion Response Units (ERUs)
Abstract: Keeping in view the ecological importance of coastal ecosystem, an appraisal was carried out to explore the existing characteristic features, problems and status of erosion and its remedial measures for the conservation and management of valuable coastal resources in respect of three states i.e, West Bengal, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh in the east coast. It is reported that 8.94 Mha area is under coastal belts in these three states. The inherent properties associated with this ecosystem are high population growth, over exploitation of natural resources, water logging, flood, cyclones, drought and salinity due to regular intrusion of sea water through tidal effects, congestion of drainage, water erosion, sand dunes, wind erosion etc. Odisha coast alone accounts for 40% of the total disturbance that affected East Coast of India. In West Bengal, coastal area of Sundarban is affected due to soil acidity problems and about 0.65 Mha land is facing salinity problem spreading over four coastal districts of Odisha. The potential soil loss reported for Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal are 407, 144 and 17 and annual EI30 of 400-600, 600-800 and 600-800 MJ.mm. ha-1. h-1, respectively. Major portion of the coastal areas of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh are 221, 2152 and 353 km2 , respectively. It has been reported that due to one meter rise in sea water level, the area inundated and population affected in Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh coasts shall be 0.81% and 1.76%, 1.88% and 2.35% and 0.19% and 0.93%, respectively. While discussing about the various inherent problems, adoption of suitable conservation measures is inevitable for the protection and management of this vulnerable ecosystem.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59021
Title: Dynamic model of runoff-sediment yield for giridih watershed of Barakar river basin, Jharkhand.
Author: Rajeev Kumar, V K Chandola, A K Nema, R M Singh.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 115-120 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Dynamic model, Giridih watershed, Lag period, Runoff, Sediment yield.
Abstract: The runoff-sediment yield process, which involves many mechanisms, is highly complicated and dynamic in nature. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop dynamic sediment yield model, considering present day runoff and sediment yield as the input variable, to estimate the sediment yield from a catchment on daily basis. The model was applied on Giridih watershed, a sub-catchment of Barakar river basin, Jharkhand, comprising an area of 731 km2, to test its applicability and capacity to estimate and generate daily sediment yield data for the catchment. The estimated and generated values of sediment yield by developed model were found to be in good agreement with the measured values.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59020
Title: Dynamic modelling of natural spring discharge in mid-Himalaya.
Author: Sudarshan Prasad, Ambrish Kumar, H C Sharma.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 107-114 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Coefficient of multiple determination, Dynamic modelling, North-West Himalaya, Spring discharge.
Abstract: In mountains, springs and seapages are the main sources of drinking water. The shortage of drinking water arises mainly due to drastic reduction in spring discharge during summer. The inhabitants are compelled to collect potable water from far off distances, reduce water consumption, consume unhygienic water and face social conflicts. Keeping it in view, two perennial natural springs of Uttarakhand, viz., ' Hill Campus Spring (HCS) ' and ' Fakua Spring (FS) ' were selected for the study with the objective to develop dynamic models for prediction of their discharge. The daily spring discharge data collected from 1999 to 2001 was used for formulation and calibration, and validation of the models was done with discharge data of 2002. The maximum and minimum discharge of HCS and FS varied from 30 lpm to 4.70 lpm and 80 lpm to 1.20 lpm, respectively. Efforts were made to develop generalized models such as annual, monsoon and non-monsoon, which are capable to address the variability in discharge owing to erratic behaviour of monsoon and non-monsoon rains. Time variant linear dynamic models for monsoon and non-monsoon rains. Time variant linear dynamic models for monsoon season were found to be more suitable models having more Coefficient of Multiple Determination (CMD) values (94.18% and 92.11% for HCS and FS, respectively) than annual models (87.28% and 90.48% for HCS and FS, respectively) to predict the daily spring discharge of monsoon months for both springs. Thus monsoon season model could be recommended for extensive application for prediction of discharge of monsoon months.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59019
Title: Weekly rainfall frequency analysis for Junagadh of Gujrat State of India: A case study.
Author: R Subbaiah, G V Prajapathi.
Editor: O P Chaturvedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indian Association of Soil and Water Conservation.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation Vol 41(no.2), pp. 99-106 (2013)
Subject: Indian Journal of Soil Conservation
Keywords: Box-Cox transformation, Kurtosis, Leaky law, Normal Distribution, Normality, Probabilty.
Abstract: SMEMAX transformation, its modified versions and power transformation were applied to weekly rainfall records tested previously for independence, homogeneity and completeness for their capability of predicting rainfall amount at various probability levels. Computationally all the three versions of SMEMAX were equally simple and easy for analyzing the frequency. They yielded identical results. Even though SMEMAX transformation reduced Cs to near zero; their distribution was not a true normal distribution. Ck could play an important role at low probability levels. Leaky law was found to be appropriate for handling zero values in the rainfall series.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59018
Title: Power Generation through Renewable Energy Sources: An Analysis of the Legal Barriers and Potentials in Nigeria.
Author: Damolia S Olawuyi.
Editor: R K Pachauri.
Year: 2013
Publisher: R K Pachauri. teri Publication.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development Vol 10(no.2), pp. 105-114 (2013)
Subject: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development.
Keywords: Renewable, energy, power, law, and sustainable development.
Abstract: Energy insecurity poses a major problem in Africa, more so than anywhere else in the world. One critical concern is the availability, reliability, affordability, and sustainabilty of electric power supply in many African countries. Policy leaders in Nigeria have therefore identified that renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic solar power generation, wind energy, biomass, and geothermal power could play critical roles in addressing the energy deficits in the country and reducing aggregate levels of green house gas emission by the country. Despite the enormous potentials for renewable energy production in Nigeria, progress has been slow. A number of legal, institutional, and policy constraints continue to impede the development of renewable energy investments in the country. This paper illustrates the various challenges related to renewable energy production in Nigeria.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59017
Title: Expanding Rural Access to Renewable Energy: Lessons from Sri Lanka ' s Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP).
Author: Benjamin K Sovacool.
Editor: R K Pachauri.
Year: 2013
Publisher: R K Pachauri. teri Publication.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development Vol 10(no.2), pp. 79-104 (2013)
Subject: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development.
Keywords: Rural energy use, energy poverty, energy security.
Abstract: The Energy Services Delivery Project (ESDP) in Sri Lanka was an exemplary renewable energy access programme. Consisting of a Credit Component, a Wind Farm Component and a Capacity Building Component, the $55.3 million ESDP successfully installed 21,000 offgrid Solar Home Systems (SHS), 31 megawatts (MW) of grid-connected mini hydro capacity, 574 kilowatts (kW) of offgrid village hydroelectric systems serving 2,897 households, and a 3 MW grid-connected wind farm from 1997 to 2002. By the end of 2004, two years after the ESDP ' s close, the Sri Lankan renewable energy industry boasted more than 40 mini-hydro developers, 10 registered solar companies, 22 registered village hydro developers and 12 village hydro equipment suppliers compared to less than three of each before the ESDP began. This study explores the dynamics of the ESDP, investigates its structure, benefits, challenges and broader implications.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59016
Title: Willingness to Pay for Electricity Supply Improvements in Rural India.
Author: Herath Gunatilake, Narasimhamurty Maddipati, Sumeet Patil.
Editor: R K Pachauri.
Year: 2013
Publisher: R K Pachauri. teri Publication.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development Vol 10(no.2), pp. 55-78 (2013)
Subject: Journal of Resources, Energy, and Development.
Keywords: Electricity supply improvements, Rural India,
Abstract: This study undertakes a survey using a random sample of 2083 households in rural Madhya Pradesh, India, to estimate benefits of improved electricity supply to rural households. The survey estimated that the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a household for improved service is Rs.340 per month, on average. Results of this study support similar investments in other states of India with similar electricity services and socio-economic characteristics. Simulations using the estimated WTP function show possibility of progressive tariff increase as household income increases. Block and flat tariff show similar impacts on revenue generation but block tariffs have the ability to induce energy conservation at household level. This study casts doubts about the need for subsidies for below poverty line and scheduled caste households.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59015
Title: Design and Function of the European Forest Fire Information System.
Author: Daniel Mclnerney, Jesus San-Miguel-Ayanz, Paolo Corti, Ceri Whitmore, Cristiano Giovando, Andrea Camia.
Editor: Russell G Congalton.
Year: 2013
Publisher: James R Plasker, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Photogrammetic Engineering & Remote Sensing Vol 79(no.10), pp. 965-973 (2013)
Subject: PE & RS Mobile Mapping for Disaster Relief
Keywords: European Forest Fire Information System, real time, multidimensional data.
Abstract: The European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) is a modular decision support system that monitors forest fires at a continental scale. It delivers real-time, multi-dimensional data on forest fires to civil protection and fire fighting services in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle-East. Since its inception in 2001, EFFIS has evolved into the central reference point for pan-European forest and wildfire information, and this paper describes and current applications demonstrate the state-of-the-art fire information systems that provide data to civil protection authorities across Europe. The objective of EFFIS is to provide accurate data in order to assess and mitigate the impacts of wildfire events on society and the environment. Furthermore, EFFIS provides real-time information on critical fires, supporting decision making for international collaboration on forest fire fighting activities. Its goal is to make these data readily available using Web-based standards and protocols.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59014
Title: A Hot Topic: The Role of the Geoweb after Wildfire.
Author: Samantha Brennan, Jon Corbett.
Editor: Russell G Congalton.
Year: 2013
Publisher: James R Plasker, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Photogrammetic Engineering & Remote Sensing Vol 79(no.10), pp. 955-963 (2013)
Subject: PE & RS Mobile Mapping for Disaster Relief
Keywords: Geoweb, Wildfire, Map-interface.
Abstract: The potential of the Geoweb to harness public spatial knowledge is increasingly recognized. Using these technologies, the public can volunteer their locational experiences. In the case of the 2003 Okanagan Mountain Park Fire, these memories need to be captured or they will soon be forgotten. Collaborating with the Kelowna Fire Museum, this paper describes the creation of an online participatory map that documents public experiences of the fire. Through a map-interface, participants contribute their own multimedia information and comment on the contributions of others. This community-based research examines an individual ' s willingness to volunteer their knowledge. Results examine participant engagement in terms of passive or active map use, perspectives of participants-as-experts, and broader themes of how the Geoweb can educate and preserve experiences about this event. Results demonstrate that while the mapping tool encourages users to interact with information about the fire, there are challenges in adding their own experiences.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None