ID: 59088
Title: Global Warming and its Effect on Flow in Ganga River.
Author: Anand M Sharan, Manabendra Pathak.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 117-122, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Global warming, melting of glaciers, flow in Ganga, glacier fed rivers.
Abstract: In this work, water flow in the Ganga River has been analyzed based on the available data starting from the year 1850 to the average of years 2002 to 2006 at Farakka in West Bengal. The flow has been related with rainfall data in the Ganga basin starting in the year 1980, and the average rainfall data in the years 2002 to 2006. The year 1980 has been chosen based on the fact that after this year the global warming trend has increased(Adhikari and Huybrechts, 2009). The location at Farakka has been chosen to incorporate the contributions of entire Himalayan glaciers in enhancing the flow of Ganga upstream of Farakka. This way, the results have been presented to include the effects of glaciers melting at the source of Ganga and also the contribution of other rivers which are tributaries of Ganga. The result shows that there is significant effect of global warming on melting of Himalayan glaciers and the flow rate of Ganga.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59087
Title: Assessment of Zooplankton Diversity in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water in Selected Waterbodies of Durgapur Industrial Region, West Bengal, India.
Author: S Roychoudhury, D Patil, A Banerjee.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 99-115, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Zooplankton diversity, physicochemical parameters, Shannon ' s index, species richness.
Abstract: Plankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters are important criteria for evaluating the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. In this study, we tried to assess the zooplankton species richness, diverstity, and evenness and to predict the state of three selected studied sites of Durgapur industrial town according to physico-chemical parameters. Cyclopoid Copepods, Cladocera and Rotifers were found among the three studied sites. Copepods were found to be dominant for all the studied sites during the monsoon period. Higher species richness and abundance were recorded in Padmapukur followed by domestic sewage canal and agricultural run-off pond. The water samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate, hardness, dissolved oxygen, TDS, chloride, GPP, CR and NPP. High values of parameters are recorded in summer period and low values are recorded in winter period. The zooplankton population shows positive significant correlation with physico-chemical parameters like humidity and total dissolved solid. From the overall study it can be concluded that Padmapukur wetland is highly productive in terms of zooplankton distribution and abundance and therefore needs prior conservation for its suitable use for drinking and irrigation purpose.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59086
Title: Comparitive Performance Evaluation of Sewage Treatment Plants in Gurgaon.
Author: Vaishali Sahu, V Geetha Varma.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 89-97, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: ASP, BOD, COD, TSS, UASB and VSS.
Abstract: The rapid growth of the population, the technological and industrial boom has brought enormous problems and degradation of the environment. Pollution caused by sewage discharged from cities and towns is the primary cause for degradation of water resources. Hence a proper and planned sewage treatment is needed. Gurgaon city hosts two sewage treatment plants located in Dhanwanpur village. These plants are designed and constructed with an aim to manage wastewater so as to minimize and/or remove organic matter, solids, disease-causing organisms and other pollutants, before disposal. This article evaluates and compares the actual behaviour of full-scale anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment plants in operation in Gurgaon, providing information on the performance of the processes in terms of the quality of the generated effluent and the removal efficiency achieved. The observed results of effluent concentrations and removal efficiencies of the constituents TSS, BOD, COD, VSS and BOD/COD ratio have been compared with the typical expected performances as per the standards given by CPCB. The treatment technologies selected for study were anaerobic-UASB and aerobic-ASP plants. The results, confirmed by statistical tests, showed that, in general, the best performance was achieved by ASP, but closely followed by UASB reactor, when operating with any kind of post-treatment. It was revealed from the performance study that efficiency of the two treatment plants was adequate with respect to removal of TSS, respectively, while in ASP, TSS, BOD, COD and VSS removal efficiency was 88.8, 90.07, 84.15 and 90.5% respectively. The order of removal efficiency was VSS<COD<BOD<TSS and COD<TSS<BOD<VSS respectively in UASB and ASP STPs. Additionally, the problems associated with the operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants is discussed.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59085
Title: A Comparative Study on Decolourization of Industrial Dyes and Real Textile Wastewater by White Rot and Non-white Rot Fungi.
Author: Mithali K Shah, T Dharajiya Darshan, Bhakti Bajpai.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 77-87, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Dyes, biotransformation, A. flavus A6. P chrysosporium.
Abstract: Synthetic dyes are extensively used in several industries including textile, paper, printing, cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Dyes are released in effluent from a wide variety of industries such as textile, tannery, packed food, pulp and paper, paint and electroplating thus threatening various forms of life. Non-white rot fungi Aspergillus flavus A6, Aspergillus fumigatus A23, Aspergillus terreus A2 and white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were used to decolourize individual dyes, simulated textile effluent (STE) and real textile wastewater (RTW). Fungi could effectively decolourize STE and RTW under optimized conditions of medium (minimal salt medium and potato dextrose agar medium), temperature (40 ?C for A.flavus A6 and 30? C for P. chrysosporium). The decolourization of STE by A. flavus A6 and P. chrysoporium was 73 and 68% respectively after 7 d incubation. The mechanism of dye removal by the fungus appeared to be mainly by adsorption and absorption and the biotransformation occurred only after absorption of the dye. Analysis of samples before and after treatment with fungus using TLC indicated the biotransformation of dye.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59084
Title: Nitrogen Loading from Septic Tanks in the Coastal Plains.
Author: Y R Satyaji Rao, Ashok K Keshari and Ashvani K Gosain.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 65-76, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Coastal plains, septic tanks, groundwater pollution, nitrogen, nitrate, fuzzy sets.
Abstract: The major non-agricultural source of nitrate in groundwater is septic-soak pit systems and unsewered conditions in the east coastal plains of India. This paper deals with the assessment of nitrogen loading from septic tanks in the Kakinada urban east coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh State, India. The proposed assessment methodology makes use of available databases of population, number of houses, sanitary information, soil types etc,. in each village or sub-basins which are generally available in India or elsewhere. Two-dimensional Fuzzy c-means clustering Technique (2 D FCM) was used to classify nitrogen load over the Kakinda urban coastal plain into low, medium and high zones. Further, these zones were validated with the respective average groundwater quality. The average groundwater nitrate and electrical conductivity values are following the patterns of nitrogen loading zones. Therefore, groundwater nitrate contamination is mainly due to the unsewered conditions and high density of septic systems in the study area. The methodology adopted in the present paper is useful for the assessment of nitrogen load from leaky septic systems in the coastal plains and also for prioritizing the villages or sub-basins for better management of non-agricultural sources of nitrate in coastal plains.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59083
Title: Characterization of Metallothionein from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifier, Bloch) and Application as a Biomarker for Heavy Metal Exposure in Thailand
Author: Chutima Thanomsit, Phochit Nantanawat, Brity Wassmur, Johanna Grans, Malin C Celander, Praparsiri Kanchanopas-Barnette.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 53-64, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Metallothionein, Lates calcarifer, cadmium, fish, tropical waters.
Abstract: In the presents study, metallothionein (MT) protiens and cDNA were isolated from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) livers. Immunochemical protocols (i.e. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot) were developed for quantification of MT protein levels in Asian seas bass. These were applied to analyse MT protein levels in 15 different areas, one urban area Angsila and one industrial area Map Ta Phut in the Gulf of Thailand. An MT protein band was detected in Shrimp scad (Alepes djadaba) and Indian ilisha (Ilisha melastoma) from both areas. Higher MT protein expressions were seen in shrimp scad from cadmium-contaminated areas near shore as well as off shore. These results suggest that induction of hepatic MT immunoreactive proteins in the shrimp scad may be a good early warning signal for heavy metal exposure in environmental monitoring programmes in Thailand waters. Protocol for quantification of MT mRNA levels in Asian sea bass was developed using quantitative PCR. Asian sea boss were exposed in the lab to different doses with highest MT and mRNA levels in fish injected with 4 mg CdNO3/kg. In these fish, the highest expression was seen after one day and lowest induction after three days. These results suggest that induction of MT mRNA levels in Asian sea bass liver can be used as a sensitive early warning signal for cadmium exposure in tropical waters.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59082
Title: Working with Maps
Author: K K Gupta, V C Tyagi.
Editor: V K Nagar.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dept of Science and Technology-Survey Of India.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Working with Maps 1992
Subject: Working with Maps
Keywords: Maps
Abstract: None
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59081
Title: Working With Maps
Author: K K Gupta, V C Tyagi.
Editor: V K Nagar.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dept of Science and Technology-Survey Of India.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Working with Maps 1992
Subject: Working with Maps
Keywords: Maps
Abstract: None
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59080
Title: Map Education
Author: D P Gupta
Editor: J S Ahuja.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dept of Science and Technology
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Map Education 1993
Subject: Map Education
Keywords: Maps
Abstract: None
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59079
Title: Effect of Coal-based Industries on Water Quality.
Author: H B Sahu, J Patra, R K Patel.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 43-51, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Thermal power plant, ash pond, water pollution.
Abstract: The commercial and economic successes of our country can be attributed to the coal industry to a great extent. Coal continues to be the primary energy source and to meet the energy and other requirements a number of coal-based indutries have been established. These industries have the potential of generating and releasing large quantities of pollutants to the environment. Among these, the release of various liquid effluents which are associated with coal during the carbonization, cleaning and combustion processes are a major concern. The coal-based industries, such as by-product coke-plants, coal washeries and thermal power plants release their liquid effluents, which need urgent attention for the treatment, before they are discharged into the fresh water streams. In the present work, water qualities of three coal-based industries from Odisha viz. National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Angul; Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), Rourkela; and National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), Talcher, have been evaluated. Nine stations were selected for collecting water samples and were analyzed for ninteen physico-chemical parameters as per standard procedure. A careful study of the water quality results reveals that one water sample each from Nalco Ash Pond and RSP, Rourkela were comparitively more polluted than the other water samples.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59078
Title: Water Quality Assessment in Tiruchirapalli, India.
Author: G Venkatesan, B Balaji, S Dhivyabharathi, K S S Lidhuveniya, F Sylvester Martin.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 33-42, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Water quality assessment, distillery effluent, ground water, surface water, Tiruchirappalli.
Abstract: The water quality assessment was conducted in Tiruchirappalli in Southern India. The study region under consideration is located in the Indian southern state Tamilnadu, intersecting in the geological co-ordinates 10?48 ' 9 ' ' N 78?42 ' 43 ' ' E. It was doubted that the water resources in that location might be polluted due to the impact of distillery industry effluents located in the mentioned region thus causing stinky environment. So there was a necessity to test the ground and surface water pollutants. Clean plastic bottles were used to collect samples in various locations around the distillery unit. These samples were taken in three trials with fortnightly frequency. The collected samples were analyzed for their chemical parameters like hardness, pH, chlorides, sulphates, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, nickel, chromium, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand. Surface warter samples are analyzed for parameters like BOD, COD, TDS, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel and manganese. These parameters are helping to indicate the level of quality of ground and surface water for drinking and other domestic purposes. The parameters then were checked in par with the World Health Organization standards. As a resutl it is observed that some parameters such as hardness of ground water were 10 times as that of the pure drinking water with desirable limits.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59077
Title: Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Natuna Coastal Waters.
Author: Sophia L Sagala, Mariska A Kusumaningtyas, Rizki A Adi, Anastasia R T D Kuswardani, Widodo S Pranowo.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 25-31, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: PAH, hydrocarbon, Natuna coastal waters.
Abstract: Surface seawater samples collected in Natuna coastal waters were analysed for 17 parent polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to get insight their presence for their toxic and carcinogenic impacts. The study was aimed to collect some PAHs preliminary data for baseline data as Natuna coastal waters are susceptible from this continuation possibly arisen from oil spills, shipping activities and mariculture industries. The samples were collected from 10 selected stations along the survey location. The results showed that total PAH concentrations at the sampling sites ranged <0.02-5.84 ?g/L. A higher concentration was found in the northwest of Sedanau Islands with PAH compound dominated by acenaphthene at 4.5 ?g/L. The value is still acceptable for aquatic resources in seawater. Wind and tidal profiles in the location were also presented in the study to get insights on the PAH migration which varied depending on the direction and speed of each profile. It can be concluded that the PAH profile in Natuna coastal water is still low and feasible for aquatic resources and marine environment.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59076
Title: Ecological Impacts and Management of Acid Sulphate Soil: A Review.
Author: Patrick S Michael.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 13-24, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Acid sulphate soils, ecological impacts, management options.
Abstract: The ecological impacts of acid sulphate soils (ASS) and the management of the impacts are a major concern globally. The reasons being how to minimize the exposure, reduce the residual impacts and make available management options. Despite the numerous studies, no review exists that synthesizes the major findings of the impacts from an agricultural soil, water and environment pollution point of view. Therefore, this paper presents a synthesis of the impacts on water and the soil together with the management options that are available. The review also identifies main areas that need further investigations.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59075
Title: Atmospheric Heavy Metal Accumulation in Epiphytic Lichens and Their Phorophytes in the Brahmaputra Valley.
Author: Rebecca Daimari, Raza Rafiqul Hoque, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Dalip K Upreti.
Editor: V Subramanian.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Vol 10(no. 4), pp. 1-12, 2013
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Air pollution, biomonitoring, lichen, Tezpur, source apportionment.
Abstract: Lichens are indicator species of air quality of a locality. Estimate of heavy metal (HM) accumulation in lichens offers an indirect measure of their levels in the atmosphere. Accumulated HMs of lichen thalli of 16 species belonging to 10 genera and their phorophytes of two characteristics areas of Brahmaputra valley were studied. Acid digested samples of thalli and phorophytes were analysed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb by ICP-OES. Mean concentrations of the HMs were found to be higher in lichens at the area situated close to the downtown area of the city and the Brahmaputra River. Accumulation of Cd, Cu, Fe and Ni were found to be higher in lichen thalli; however, leaves accumulated higher levels of Co and Mn. Linear regression analysis shows poor dependency of the thalli on their phorophytes indicating accumulation of metals from atmosphere. The extent of enrichment in the lichen thalli, which was evaluated by calculating enrichment factors (EFs) revealed moderate enrichment of Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb; however, Cd was found to be highly enriched. Ecological risk posed by the heavy metals were calculated and it was found that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data set identifies three contributing sources: coal-fired industrial emission, crustal dust blown from dry river bed and vehicular emission.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 59074
Title: Image deblurring for satellite imagery using small-support-regularized deconvolution.
Author: Yan Li, Keith C Clarke.
Editor: Derek Lichti.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Vol 85, pp. 148-155, 2013
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Remote sensing, Image restoration, Deconvolution, Fourier transform, Huangjing (HJ) imagery.
Abstract: This paper presents a new practical deblurring method, small-support-regularized (SSR) deconvolution, for low quality remotely sensed imagery. In the case that the causes of image blur are various and complicated, a Gaussian degradation model is employed to approximate the composite effect. The model in the frequency domain is deduced which yields a representation with the same small support as the Point Spread Function (PSF). An approximate regularized deconvolution filter is proposed. The regularization term of the deconvolution filter is defined as a function relevant to the equvivalent image power spectrum. All the computations to derive the deconvolution filter are implemented in the same support as the PSF. By this method, large matrix manipulation is avoided and remote sensing images can be filtered one at a time, without memory limitations. Meanwhile the method increases computational efficiency, which is most important for large scale satellite images. A case study was conducted for a Chinese small earth observation satellite HJ imagery. The deblurring result proves that this method successfully restores fine image detail, particularly for line features. Various measurements of the image quality show that the algorithm is comparable with other state-of-the-art methods and has advantages for image contrast and edge strength. The computational efficiency increases by about 8-37% for images with sample sizes from 256 to 1000, and will increase more for larger image sizes.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None