Enter records

ID: 60000
Title: Lithological and mineralogical survey of the Oyu Tolgoi region, Southeastern Gobi, Mongolia using ASTER reflectance and emissivity data.
Author: Young-Sun Son, Moon-Kyung Kang, Wang-Jung Yoon.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 205-216 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: ASTER, Oyu Tolgoi, SWIR, TIR, BRLO model, Matched filtering.
Abstract: The Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au deposits, Southeastern Gobi, Mongolia, are estimated to be among the world ' s largest reserves. Advanced spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) reflectance and emissivity data were used to mp distribution patterns of hydrothermal alteration and igneous rocks, and to locate areas with potential mineral deposit in the Oyu Tolgoi region. To obtain more accurate information for the detection and classification of minerals, pre-processing such as crosstalk correction and additional radiometric correction was performed. The shortwave infrared band ratio logical operator (SWIR-BRLO) models and matched filtering were used to map alteration zone and minerals in the Oyu Tolgoi region. These results were fairly consistent with mineralogical information of previous researches. In addition, we identified mineral potential areas with characteristics similar to the Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au deposits. In particular, in the northwestern part of the OT North Pluton, an extensive area predicted to be an argillic zone was newly detected. ASTER level 2B surface emissivity data was effectively used for lithological mapping of the Oyu Tolgoi region. The new thermal infrared band ratio logical operator (TIR-BRLO) models could detect areas showing emissivity features of quartzose and alkali rocks. These results indicate that despite some limitations, ASTER data can provide basic information in the initial steps of ore deposit exploration, or when mapping the distribution of altered, quartzose and igneous rocks, especially in areas where direct field survey is difficult.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abrams, N., 2000. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer. (ASTER): data products for the high spatial resolution imager on NASA ' s Terra platform. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 847-859. Bedini, E., 2011. Mineral mapping in the Kap Simpson complex, central East Greenland, using HyMap and ASTER remote sensing data. Advance in Space Research 47, 60-73.
Literature cited 2: Biggar, S.F. Thome, K.T., MacCorkel, J.T., D ' Amico, J.M., 2005. Vicarious calibration of the ASTER SWIR senior including crosstalk correction. Proceedings International Society Optical Engineering. 58882, 588217. Blight, J.H.S., Cunningham, D., Petterson, M.G, 2008. Crustal evolution of the Saykhandullan Inlier, Mongolia: Implication for Palezoic arc magmatism, polyphase deformation and terrance accretion in the southeast Gobi Mineral Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 32, 142-164.

ID: 59999
Title: Remote sensing of plant communities as a tool for assessing the condition of semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands in agricultural catchments.
Author: J. Martinez-Lopez, M.F. Carreno, J.A. Palazon-Ferrando, J. Martinez-Fernandez, M.A. Esteve.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 193-204 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Semiarid wetlands, Remote sensing, Irrigated agriculture, Plant communities, Watershed hydrological condition, Airborne multispectral sensors.
Abstract: Semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands are unique ecosystems sheltering high biodiversity. In the last decades, the expansion of irrigated lands has led to hydrological imbalances in Mediterranean catchments, causing wetland degradation. Vegetation composition assessment is considered an important tool for evaluating wetland ecological condition and can be mapped using remote sensing. This study aims to develop a condition index based on plant community composition suitable for semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands, as well as to test the applicability of airborne multispectral remote sensors for discriminating plant communities. Characteristic plant communities of 12 wetlands were identified by means of ordination and classification analysis of plant taxa cover percentages obtained through fieldwork sampling. An index for assessing wetland ecological condition was developed based on the relationship between wetland plant community composition and watershed hydrological condition. Selected wetland plant communities were then mapped by means of remote sensing techniques using random forest algorithm for supervised classification of airborne images. Following this methodology, remote sensing served as a tool for wetland condition assessment t a regional scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adam, E., Mutanga, O., Rugege, D., 2010. Multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for identification and mapping of wetland vegetation: a review. Wetlands Ecology and Management 18, 281-296. Alvarez-Rogel, J., Alcaraz Ariza, F., Ortiz Silla, R., 2000. Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain. Wetlands 20, 357-372.
Literature cited 2: Alvarez-Rogel, J., Carrasco, L., Marin, C., Martinez-Sanchez, J., 2007a. Soils of a dune coastal salt marsh system in relation to groundwater level, micro-topography and vegetation under a semiarid Mediterranean climate in SE Spain. Catena 69, 111-121. Alvarez-Rogel, J., Jiminez-Carceles, F.J., Roca, R., Ortiz, M.J., 2007b. Changes in soils and vegetation in a Mediterranean coastal salt marsh impacted by human activities. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73, 510-526.

ID: 59998
Title: Deformation and fault parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquake in Iran revisited: A Bayesian simulated annealing approach applied to the inversion of space geodetic data.
Author: Masoome Amighpey, Behzad Voosoghi, Mahdi Motagh
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 184-192 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Global optimization, Simulated annealing, Source parameters of earthquake, Insar.
Abstract: The estimation of earthquake source parameters using an earth surface displacement field in an elastic half-space leads to a complex nonlinear inverse problem that classic inverse methods are unable to solve. Global optimization methods such as simulated annealing are a good replacement for such problems. Simulated annealing is analogous to thermodynamic annealing where, under certain conditions, the chaotic motions of atoms in a melt can settle to form a crystal with minimal energy. Following this, the unknown model parameters are analogous to the molecules of a molten solid whose chaotic motion gradually ceases during cooling, and the state corresponding to the global minimum of the cost function becomes highly probable at a very low temperatures. Sources parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquakes have already been estimated using various studies, including seismicity, the earth ' s surface deformation field, and rupture characteristics. Each of these studies proposes different mechanisms for the earth quakes. In this study, source parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquake and its main aftershock are determined with their precision by applying simulated annealing optimization in a Bayesian framework using a coseismal deformation field derived from Envisat radar interferometry. The results agree with surface ruptures and the proposed activation of the Qeshm and NW-SE faults during main shock and main aftershock. This estimate indicates a reverse-slip of 88 ? 11 cm on the qeshm fault and 38 ? 12 cm of strike-slip on the NW-SE fault.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amigphey, M., Vosooghi, B., Dehghani, M., 2009. Earth surface deformation analysis of 2005 Qeshm earthquake based on threedimensional displacement field derived from radar imagery measurements. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 11 (2), 156-166. Amrikazemi, A., 2005. Geotourism Atlas of Qeshm. Geological Survey of Iran, Iran.
Literature cited 2: Byrd, R.H., Gilbert, J.C., Nocedal, J., 2000. A trust region method based on interior point techniques for nonlinear programming. Mathematical Programming 89 (1), 149-185. Duijndam, J.W., 1988a. Bayesian estimation in seismic inversion. Part 1: Principles. Geophysical Prospecting 36, 878-898.

ID: 59997
Title: Mapping the heterogeneity of natural and semi-natural landscapes
Author: Amjad Ali, C.A.J.M. de Bie, A.K. Skidmore, R.G. Scarrott, P. Lymberakis.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 176-183 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Mapping, Landscape, Heterogeneity, Hyper-temporal, NDVI, MODIS.
Abstract: Natural and semi-natural landscape over is heterogeneous. Ideally, mapping land cover requires an approach that represents both gradients and land covers spatiotemporal variability. These aspects can be visualized and depicted by applying a new spatio-temporal analysis based Landscape Heterogeneity Mapping (LaHMa) method to natural and semi-natural landscapes. Using MODIS NDVI 16-day imagery (February 2000- July 2009) for Crete, a 65-cluster image was selected from ISODATA classification results using the separability values of the divergence statistics. The 65 clusters appropriately generalize the spatial and temporal variability in land cover. Using classified outputs from 10 to 65 clusters, the frequency of pixels identified as boundaries of homogeneous land cover classes was translated into the form of a landscape heterogeneity map, which was then validated using field data. The results show that the heterogeneity map had moderate correlation (R2 = 0.60 and 0.63 in two transects) with the sum of differences between neighbouring transect pixels in all land cover components. In general, the study found this new approach (LaHMa) to be suitable for mapping landscape heterogeneity in the natural and semi-natural landscape of Crete, Greece. The new method appears to be of potential use for informing gradient analyses in landscape ecological studies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alexanderidis, T.K., Gitas, I.Z., Silleos, N.G., 2008. An estimation of the optimum temporal resolution for monitoring vegetation condition on a nationwide scale using MODIS/ Terra data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29, 3589, 3607. Ali, A., de Bie, C.A.J.M., Skidmore, A.K., Scarrott, R.G., Hamad, A., Venus, V., Lymberakis, P., 2013. Mapping land cover gradients through analysis of hyper-temporal NDVI imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 23, 301-312.
Literature cited 2: Austin, M.P., 1990. Community theory and competition in vegetation. In: Grace, J.B., Tilman, D., (Eds), Perspectives in Plant Competition. Academic Press, New York, pp. 215-233. Baker, W.L., Cai, Y., 1992. The r.le programs for multiscale analysis of landscape Ecology 7, 291-302.

ID: 59996
Title: Estimating soil salinity in Pingluo County of China using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra.
Author: Ayetiguli Sidike, Shuhe Zhao, Yuming Wen.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 156-175 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Soil salinity, QuickBird data, Measured reflectance spectra, Pingluo County.
Abstract: Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem with severe economic and social consequences. In this paper, estimating the soil salinity of Pingluo County, China by a partial least squares regression (PLSR) predictive model was carried out using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra. At first, a relationship between the sensitive bands of soil salinity acquired from measured reflectance spectra and the spectral coverage of seven commonly used optical sensors was analyzed. Secondly, the potentiality of QuickBird data in estimating soil salinity by analyzing the correlations between the measured reflectance spectra and reflectance spectra derived from QuickBird data and analyzing the contributions of each band of QuickBird data to soil salinity estimation. Finally, a PLSR predictive model of soil salinity was developed using reflectance spectra from QuickBird data and eight spectral indices derived from QuickBird data. The results indicated that the sensitive bands covered several bands covered several bands of each optical sensor and these sensors can be used for soil salinity estimation. The result of estimation model showed that an accurate prediction of soil salinity can be made based on the PLSR method (R2 =0.992, RMSE=0.195). The PLSR model ' s performance was better than that of the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) method. The results also indicated that using spectral indices such as intensity within spectral bands (Int1, Int 2), soil salinity indices (S11, S12, S13), the brightness index (BI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) as independent model variables can help to increase the accuracy of soil salinity mapping. The NDVI and RVI can help to reduce the influences of vegetation cover and soil moisture on prediction accuracy. The method developed in this paper can be applied in other arid and semi-arid areas, such as western China.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aggasi, M., Sheinberg, I., Morin, J., 1981. Effect of electrolyte concentration and soil sodicity on inflatration rate and crust formation. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 45 (5), 848-851. Al-Abbas, A.H., Swain, P.H., Baumgardner, M.F., 1972. Relating organic matter and clay content to the multispectral radiance of soils. Soil Science 114 (6), 477-485.
Literature cited 2: Aldakheel, Y.Y, 2011. Assessing NDVI spatial patterns as related to irrigation and soil salinity management in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Indian Society Remote Sensing 39 (2), 171-180. Baumgardner, M.F., Silva, L., Biehl 1, L.L, Stoner, E.R., 1985. Reflectance properties of soils. Advances in Agronomy 38, 1-44.

ID: 59995
Title: Improving the efficiency and accuracy of individual tree crown delineation from high-density LiDAR data.
Author: Baoxin Hu, Jili Li, Linhai Jing, Aaron Judah.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 145-155 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, LiDAR, Multi-scale, 3-D structures, Knowledge-based.
Abstract: Canopy height model (CHM) derived from LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data has been commonly used to generate segments of individual tree crowns for forest inventory and sustainable management. However, branches, tree crowns, and tree clusters usually have similar shapes and overlapping sizes, which cause current individual tree crown delineation methods to work less effectively on closed canopy, deciduous or mixedwood forests. In addition, the potential of 3-dimensional (3-D) LiDAR data is not fully realized by CHM-oriented method, detailed vertical structures of tree crowns represented in high-density LiDAR data, and any prior Knowledge of tree crowns. The efficiency and accuracy of ITC delineation can be improved. This frame consists of five steps: (1) determination of dominant crown sizes: (2) generation of initial tree segments using a multi-scale segmentation method; (3) identification of ?problematic? segments; (4) determination of the number of trees based on the 3-D Li-DAR points in each of the identified segments; and (5) refinement of the ?problematic? segments by splitting and merging operations. The proposed framework was efficient, since the detailed examination of 3-D LiDAR points was not applied to all initial segments, but only to those needed further evaluations based on prior knowledge. It was also demonstrated to be effective based on an experiment on natural forests in Ontario, Canada. The proposed framework and specific methods yielded crown maps having a good consistency with manual and visual interpretation. The automated method correctly delineated about 74% and 72% of the tree crowns in two plots with mixedwood and deciduous trees, respectively.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Brandtberg, T., Walter, F., 1998. Automated delineation of individual tree crowns in high spatial resolution aerial images by multiple-scale analysis. Machine Vision and applications 11 (2), 64-73. Chen, Q., Baldocchi, D., Gong, P., Kelly, M., 2006. Isolating individual trees in savanna woodland using small footprint lidar data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 72 (8), 923-932.
Literature cited 2: Clark, I., 1979. Practical Geostatistics. Applied Science Publishers. Culvenor, D.S., 2002. TIDA: an algorithm for the delineation of tree crowns in high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery. Computers & Geosciences 28 (1), 33-44.

ID: 59994
Title: Characterizing the dynamics change of vegetation cover on tropical forestlands using multi-temporal MODIS EVI.
Author: Yudi Setiawan, Kunihiko yoshino, Lilik Budi Prasetyo
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 132-144 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Forest cover change, Temporal vegetation dynamics, Pathway of change, MODIS image, Java.
Abstract: This paper deals with characterizing temporal vegetation dynamics continuously in the forestlands of Java, Indonesia and assesses the net change area within the context of forest cover change. We argue that a consistent forestland has typical, distinct and repeated temporal inter-annual vegetation dynamics; therefore, a dynamics change in the forestland could be recognized through a change in the pattern of the long-term vegetation dynamics. We explored 250 m multi-temporal MODIS EVI 16-day composite data from 2001 to 2007 to characterize a change in vegetation dynamics related to forest cover change. The change was recognized based on comparison of annual EVI values for two successive years. The results show that by characterizing temporal vegetation dynamics, it is possible to distinguish the dynamics changes in forestlands caused by several processes, such as deforestation, reforestation and forest regrowth. Although the mixed pixel issue is quite problematic for identification of all actual change events in the area, the results indicate that the set of analyses and techniques in this study is still offers great promise for the monitoring of forest cover change at a large scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Achard, F., Eva, H.D., Stibig, H.J., Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T., Malingreau, J.P., 2002. Determination of deforestation rates of the world ' s Humid Tropical Forests. Science 297, 999-1002. Anderson, L.E., 1996. The causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.J. Environ. Dev. 5, 309-328.
Literature cited 2: Angelsen, A., Kaimowitz, D., 1999. Rethinking the causes of deforestation: lessons from economic models. World Bank Res. Obs. 14, 73-98. Asian Forest Network, 2004. Communities transforming forestlands, Java, Indonesia, A collaborative study by Lembaga ARuPA, Yayasan koling and Asia Forest Network, AFN-Philippines.

ID: 59993
Title: Evolutionary feature selection to estimate forest stand variables using LiDAR.
Author: Jorge Garcia-Gutierrez, Eduardo Gonzaez-Ferreiro, Jose C. Riquelme-Santos, David Miranda, Ulises Dieguez- Aranda, Rafel M. Navarro-Cerrillo.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 119-131 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Evolutionary computation, Forest-stand variables, LiDAR, Regression, Stepwise selection.
Abstract: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has become an important tool in forestry. LiDAR-derived models are mostly developed by means of multiple linear regression (MLR) after stepwise selection of predictors. An increasing interest in machine learning and evolutionary computation has recently arisen to improve regression use in LiDAR data processing. Although evolutionary machine learning has already proven to be suitable for regression, evolutionary computation may also be applied to improve parametric models such as MLR. This paper provides a hybrid approach based on joint use of MLR and a novel genetic algorithm for the estimation of the main forest stand variables. We show a comparison between our genetic approach and other common methods for selecting predictors. The results obtained from several LiDAR datasets with different pulse densities in two areas of the Iberian Peninsula indicate that genetic algorithms perform better than the other methods statistically. Preliminary studies suggest that a lack of parametric conditions in field data and possible misuse of parametric tests may be the main reasons for the better performance of the genetic algorithm. This research confirms the findings of previous studies that outline the importance of evolutionary computation in the context of LiDAR analysis of forest data, especially when the size of fieldwork datasets is reduced.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Belsley, D., 1991. Conditioning Diagnostics: Collinearity and Weak Data in Regression, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Chen, G., Hay, G.J., St-Onge, B., 2012. A GEOBIA framework to estimate forest parameters from lidar transects Quickbird imagery and machine learning: a case study in Quebec, Canada. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 15, 28-37.
Literature cited 2: Clark, V., Arnold, T., Agnelli, R., DeVault, C., Edwards, E.S., Gibbs, P., Hyes, D., Kiernan, K., Routten, E., Sanders, A., Savarese, P.T., Schlotzhauer, D., Stockstill, M., 2004. SAS/STAT 9.1 User ' s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. Cote, J.-F., Fournier, R.A., Egli, R., 2011. An architectural model of trees to estimate forest structural attributes using terrestrial LiDAR. Environmental modeling & software 26 (6), 761-777.

ID: 59992
Title: Understanding the optical responses of leaf nitrogen in Mediterranean Holm oak (Quercus ilex) using field spectroscopy.
Author: Javier Pacheco-Labrador, Rosario Gonzalez-Cascon, M. Pilar Martin, David Riano.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 105-118 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Field spectroscopy, Leaf nitrogen, Quercus ilex, spectral index.
Abstract: The direct estimation of nitrogen (N) in fresh vegetation is challenging due to its weak influence on leaf reflectance and the overlaps with absorption features of other compounds. Different empirical models relate in this work leaf nitrogen concentration ([N] Leaf) on Holm oak to leaf reflectance as well as derived spectral indices such as normalized difference indices (NDIs), the three bands indices (TBIs) and indices previously used to predict leaf N and chlorophyll. The models were calibrated and assessed their accuracy, robustness and the strength of relationship when other biochemicals were considered. Red edge was the spectral region most strongly correlated with [N] Leaf, whereas most of the published spectral indexes did not provide accurate estimations. NDIs and TBIs based models could achieve robust and acceptable accuracies (TBI1310, 1720, 730: R2= 0.76, [0.64, 0.86]: RMSE (%) = 9.36, [7.04, 12.83]). These models sometimes included indices with bands close to absorption features of N bonds or nitrogenous compounds, but also of other biochemicals. Models were independently and interr-annually validated using the bootstrap method, which allowed discarding those models non-robust across different years. Partial correlation analysis revealed that spectral estimators did not strongly respond to [N] Leaf but to other leaf variables such as chlorophyll and water, even if bands close to absorption features of N bonds or compounds were present in the models.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: ASD, 1999. ASD Technical Guide, fourth ed. Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc. (ASD), Boulder, CO. Baldocchi, D., 2003. Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future. Glob. Chang Biol. 9, 479-492.
Literature cited 2: Barnes, J.D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S., Davison, A.W., 1992. A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environ. Exp. Bot. 32, 85-100. Beier, C., Emmett, B.A., Penuelas, J., Schmidt, I.K., Tietema, A. Estiarte, M., Gunder-sen, P., Liorens, L., Riis-Nielsen, T., Sowerby, A., Gorissen, A., 2008. Carbon and nitrogen cycles in European ecosystems respond differently to global warming. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 692-697.

ID: 59991
Title: A new methodology to map double-cropping croplands based on continuous wavelet transform.
Author: Bingwen Qiu, Ming Zhong, Zhenghong Tang, Chongyang Wang.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 97-104 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Cropping intensity, Continuous wavelet transform, MODIS, EVI, Double-cropping croplands.
Abstract: Cropping intensity is one of the major factors in crop production and agricultural intensification. A new double-cropping croplands mapping methodology using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series datasets through continuous wavelet transform was proposed in this study. This methodology involved four steps. First, daily continuous MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series datasets were developed for the study year. Next, the EVI time series datasets were transformed into a two dimensional (time-frequency) wavelet scalogram based on continuous wavelet transform. Third, a feature extraction process was conducted on the wavelet scalogram, where the characteristic spectra were calculated from the wavelet scalogram and the feature peak within two skeleton lines was obtained. Finally, a threshold was determined for feature peak values to discriminate double-cropping croplands within each pixel. The application of the proposed procedure to china ' s Henan Province in 2010 produced an objective and accurate spatial distribution map, which correlated well with in situ observation data (over 90% agreement). The proposed new methodology efficiently handled complex variability that might be caused by regional variation in climate, management practices, growth peaks by winter weed or winter wheat, and data noise. Therefore, the methodology shows promise for future studies at regional scales.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Arvor, D., Jonathan, M., Meirelles, M.S.P., Dubreuil, V., Durieux, L., 2011. Classification of MODIS EVI time series for crop mapping in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. International Journal of Remote Sensing 32, 7847-7871. Biggs, T.W. Thenkabail, P.S., Gumma, M.K. Scott, C.A., Parthasaradhi, G.R., Turral, H.N., 2006. Irrigated area mapping in heterogeneous landscapes with MODIS time series, ground truth and census data, Krishna Basin, India. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27, 4245-4266.
Literature cited 2: Biradar, C.M., Xiao, X., 2011. Quantifying the area and spatial distribution of double and triple-cropping croplands in India with multi-temporal MODIS imagery in 2005. International Journal of Remote Sensing 32, 367-386. Chen, C.F. Son, N.T., Chang, L.Y., 2012. Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam using time-series MODIS data. Advances in Space Research 49, 292-301.

ID: 59990
Title: Hyperspectral and multispectral satellite-sensors for mapping chlorophyll content in a Mediterranean Pinus syslvestris L. plantation.
Author: Rafael M Navarro-cerrillo, Jesus Trujillo, Manuel Sanchez de la Orden
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 88-96 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Multi and hyper spectral sensors, Chlorophyll, Mediterranean pine forests, Spectral vegetation indices
Abstract: A new generation of narrow-band hyperspectral remote sensing data offers an alternative to broad -band multispectral data for the estimation of vegetation chlorophyll content. This paper examines the potential of some of these sensors comparing red-edge and simple ratio indices to develop a rapid and cost -effective system for monitoring Mediterranean pine plantations in Spain. Chlorophyll content retrieval was analyzed with the red-edge R750 / R710 index and the simple ratio R800/ R560 index using the PROSPECT -5 leaf model and the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) and experimental approach. Five sensors were used: AHS, CHRIS/ Proba, Hyperion, Landsat and QuickBird. The model simulation results obtained with synthetic spectra demonstrated the feasibility of estimating Ca+b content in conifers using the simple ratio R800/R560 index formulated with different full widths at half maximum (FWHM) at leaf level. This index yielded a r2= 0.69 for a FWHM of 30 nm and r2 =0.55 for a FWHM of 70 nm. Experimental results compared the regression coefficients obtained with various multispectral and hyperspectral images with different spatial resolutions at the stand level. The strongest relationships where obtained using high-resolution hyperspectral images acquired with the AHS sensor (r2 =0.65) while coarser spatial and spectral resolution images yielded a lower root mean square error (QuickBird r2= 0.42; Landsat r2 =0.48; Hyperion r2 = 0.56; CHRIS/Proba r2=57). This study shows the need to estimate chlorophyll content in forest plantations at the stand level with high spatial and spectral resolution sensors. Nevertheless, these results also show the accuracy obtained with medium-resolution sensors when monitoring physiological processes. Generating biochemical maps at the stand level could play a critical rule in the early detection of forest decline processes enabling their use in precision forestry.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abadia, A. Abadia, J., 1993. Iron and plant pigments. In: Barton, L.L., Hemming, B.C. (Eds). Iron Chelation in Plants and Soil Microorganisms. Academic, San Diego, pp. 327-344. ALG, 2002. ACORN4.0 User ' s Guide ENVI Plug-in Version. Analytical Imaging and Geophysics LLC ACORN Version 4.0, Edition, Boulder, USA.
Literature cited 2: Berk, A., Bernstein, L.S. Anderson, G.P., Acharya, P.K., Robertson, D.C., Chetwynd, J.H., Adler-Golden, S.M., 1998.MODTRAN cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 367-375. Blackburn, G.A., 2007. Hyperspectral remote sensing of plant pigments. Journal of Experimental Botany 58, 855-867.

ID: 59989
Title: Does the spatial arrangement of disturbance within forested watersheds affect loadings of nitrogen to stream waters? A test using Landsat and synoptic stream water data.
Author: Travis R. Cowles, Brenden E. McNeil, Keith N. Eshleman, Lindsay N. Deel, Phillip A. Townsend.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 80-87 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Gpsy moth, Landsat, Spatial arrangement, Defoliation, Nitrogen, Forest disturbance.
Abstract: Remotely sensed maps of forest disturbance provide a powerful tool for predicting spatial and temporal variability in the loading of nitrogen to receiving waters, key data needed for effective watershed management of nutrient pollution. We hypothesize that the spatial arrangement of disturbances within small-forested watersheds can affect N loadings. To, test this, we developed schemes for spatially weighting maps of yearly disturbance produced through change analysis of the Landsat Tasseled Cap Disturbance Index (DI), and evaluated the ability of each scheme to predict N concentrations, and subsequently estimated N loads, from forty low-order streams within the Savage River drainage of western Maryland, USA during the 2006-2010 water years, a period encompassing extensive defoliations by gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar). We generated a base scheme of unweighted, watershed averaged change in DI (? DI), and five other schemes that weighted ? DI by either a pixel ' s flow accumulation value, the distance to the watershed outlet, or proximity to the stream. Over the five years, the flow accumulation scheme tended to perform better than other weighting schemes, and even explained slightly more variability than the bases scheme during years of moderate N loads (R2= 0.15vs 0.03 in 2007 and R2 =0.30 vs 0.18 in 2010.) However, this best spatial weighting scheme explained comparable or less variability during the two post-defoliation years with larger N loads (R2= 0.43 vs 0.44 in 2008 and R2= 0.31 vs 0.48 in 2009). Thus, for the purposes of utilizing remote sensing information within watershed management of nutrient pollution, these results suggest that coarse-scale; high temporal frequency data such as MODIS could be well suited for characterizing forest disturbance and predicting the resultant episodic N loads.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aber, J., Mcdowell, W., Nadelhoffer, K., et al., 1998. Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems-hypotheses revisited. Bioscience 48 (11), 921 -934. Baker, M.E., Weller, D.E., Jordan, T.E., 2006. Improved methods for quantifying potential nutrient interception by riparian buffers. Landscape Ecology 21 (8), 1327-1345.
Literature cited 2: Boyer, E.W., Alexander, R.B., Parton, W.J., Li, C.S., Butterbatch-Bahl, K., Donner, S.D., Skaggs, R.W., Del Gross, S.J., 2006. Modeling denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems at regional scales. Ecological Applications 16 (6), 2123-2142. Cirmo, C.P., McDonnell, J.J., 1997. Linking the hydrologic and biogeochemical controls of nitrogen transport in near-stream zones of temperate-forested catchments: a review. Journal of Hydrology 199, 88-120.

ID: 59988
Title: Ten years of global burned area products from spaceborne remote sensing- A review: Analysis of user needs and recommendations for future developments.
Author: Florent Mouillot, Martin G. Schultz, Chao Yue, Patricia Cadule, Kevin Tansey, Philippe Ciais, Emilio Chuvieco.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 64-79 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Remote sensing, Global burned area, Review.
Abstract: Early global estimates of carbon emissions from biomass burning were based on empirical assumptions of fire return interval in different biomes in the 1980s. Since then, significant improvements of space-borne remote sensing sensors have resulted in an increasing number of derived products characterizing the detection of active fire or the subsequent burned area (GFED, MODIS MCD45A1, L3JRC, Glocarbon, GBS, GLOBSCAR, GBA2000). When coupled with global land cover and vegetation models allowing for spatially explicit fuel biomass estimates, the use of these products helps to yield important information about the spatial and the temporal variability of emission estimates. The availability of multi-year products (> 10 years) leads to a better understanding of uncertainties in addition to increasing accuracy. We surveyed a wide range of users of global fire data products whilst also undertaking a review of the latest scientific literature. Two user groups were identified, the first being global climate and vegetation modellers and the second being regional land managers. Based on this review, we present here the current needs covering the range of end -users. We identified the increasing use of BA products since the year 2000 with an increasing use of MODIS as a reference dataset. Scientific topics using these BA products have increased in diversity and area of application, from global fire emissions (for which BA products were initially developed) to regional studies with increasing use for ecosystem management planning. There is a significant need from the atmospheric science community for low spatial resolution (gridedd,1/2 degree cell) and long time series data characterized with supplementary information concerning the accuracy in timing of the fire and reductions of omission/commission errors. There is also a strong need for precisely characterizing the perimeter and contour of the fire scar for better assimilation with land cover maps and fire intensity. Computer and earth observation facilities remain a significant gap between ideal accuracies and the realistic ones, which must be fully quantified and comprehensive for an actual use in global fire emissions on regional land management studies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Akagi, S.K., Yokelson, R.J., Wiedinmyer, C., Alvardo, M.j., Reid, J.S., Karl, T., Crounse, J.D., Wenberg, P.O., 2011. Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, 4039-4072. Anderson, K.R., Englefield, P., Little, J.M. Reuter, G., 2009. An approach to operational forest fire growth predictions for Canada. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18 (8), 893-905.
Literature cited 2: Andrae, M.O. Merlet, P., 2001. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15, 955-966. Arca, B., 2007. Evaluation of FARSITE simulator in mesditeranean Maquis. International Journal of Wildland Fire 16 (5), 563-572.

ID: 59987
Title: A framework for mapping trees species combining hyperspectral and LiDAR data: Role of selected classifiers and sensor across three spatial scales.
Author: Anirudha Ghosh, Fabian Ewald Fassnacht, P.K. Joshi, Barbara Koch.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 49-63 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Hypespectral, n DSM, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Scale, Tree species classification.
Abstract: Knowledge of tree species distribution is important is important worldwide for sustainable forest management and resource evaluation. The accuracy and information content of species maps produced using remote sensing images vary with scale, sensor (optical, microwave, LiDAR), classification algorithm, verification design and natural conditions like tree age, forest structure and density. Imaging spectroscopy reduces the inaccuracies making use of the detailed spectral response. However, the scale effect still has a strong influence and cannot be neglected. This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap in the understanding the scale effect in imaging spectroscopy when moving from 4 to 30 m pixel size for tree species mapping, keeping in mind that most current and future hyperspectral satellite based sensors work with spatial resolution around 30 m or more. Two airborne (HyMAP) and one spaceborne (Hyperion) imaging spectroscopy dataset with pixel sizes of 4, 8 and 30 m, respectively were available to examine the effect of scale over a central European forest. The forest under examination is a typical managed forest with relatively homogenous stands featuring mostly two canopy layers. Normalized digital surface model (nDSM) derived from LiDAR data was used additionally to examine the effect of height information in tree species mapping. Six different sets of predictor variables (reflectance value of all bands, selected components of a Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), vegetation indices (VI) and each of these sets combined with LiDAR derived height) were explored at each scale. Supervised kernel based (Support Vector Machines) and ensemble based (Random Forest) machine learning algorithms were applied on the dataset to investigate the effect of the classifier. Iterative bootstrap-validation with 100 iterations was performed for classification model building and testing all the trials. For scale, analysis of overall classification accuracy and kappa values indicated that 8 m spatial resolution (reaching kappa values of over 0.83) slightly outperformed the results obtained from 4 m for the study area and five tree species under examination. The 30 m resolution Hyperion image produced sound results (kappa values of over 0.70), which in some areas of the test site were comparable with the higher spatial resolution imagery when qualitatively assessing the map outputs. Considering input predictors sets, MNF bands performed beat at 4 and 8 m resolution. Optical bands were found to be best for 30 m spatial resolution. Classification with MNF as input predictors produced better visual appearance of tree species patches when compared with reference maps. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that there is no significant effect of height information on tree species classification accuracies for the present framework and study area. Furthermore, in the examined cases there was no single best choice among the two classifiers across scales and predictors. It can be concluded that tree species mapping from imaging spectroscopy for forest sites comparable to the one under investigation is possible with reliable accuracies not only from airborne bur also from spaceborne imaging spectroscopy datasets.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Anderson, J.E., L.C. Martin, M.E., Braswell, B.H., Smith, M. -L, Dubayah, R.O., Hofton, M.A., Blair, J.B., 2008. Integrating waveworm lidar with hyperspectral imagery for inventory of a northern temperate forest. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (4), 1856- 1870. Angelo, J.J., Duncan, B.W., Weishampel, J.F., 2010. Using Lidar-derived vegetation profiles to predict time since fire in an oak scrub landscape in East-Central Florida. Remote Sensing 2, 514-525.
Literature cited 2: Asner., G.P. Knapp, D.E., Kennedy-Bowdoin, T., Jones, M.O., Martin, R.E., Boardman, J., Hughes, R.F., 2008. Invasive species detection in Hawaiian rainforest using airborne imaging spectroscopy and LiDAR. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (5), 1942- 1955. Belluco, E., Camuffo, M., Ferrari, S., Modenese, L., Silvestri, S., Marani, A., 2006. Mapping salt-marsh vegetation by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment. 105, 54-67.

ID: 59986
Title: Seasonal comparisons of meteorological and agricultural drought indices in Morocco using open short time-series data.
Author: Hicham Ezzine, Ahmed Bouziane, Driss Ouazar.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 36-48 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Drought, SPI, SVI, SWI, Satellite images, Statistical analysis.
Abstract: Although the preliminary investigations of NDWI demonstrated its sensitivity to vegetation water content, drought indices based on NDWI short time-series are still understudied compared to those derived from NDVI and LST, such as VCI, SVI and TCI. On the basis of the open data, this paper introduces a new index derived from NDWI short time-series, and explores its performance for drought monitoring in Mediterranean semi-arid area. The new index, standardized Water Index (SWI), was calculated and spatiotemporally compared to both meteorological drought index (TRMM-based SPI) and to agricultural drought index (NDVI-based SVI) for the hydrological years and autumn, winter and spring seasons during a period of 15 years (1998-2012). Furthermore, the response and spatial agreement of the meteorological and agricultural drought indices (SWI, SVI and SPI) were compared over two land use classes, rainfed agriculture and vegetation cover, for the studied years and seasons. The validation of SWI was based on in situ SPI and cereal productions. The analysis of the 336 cross-tables, proportions of concordance and Cohen ' s kappa coefficients indicate that SWI and SVI are concordant comparing to other combinations for hydrological years and for the three seasons. The study points that spatial agreements of drought indices over rainfed agriculture and over vegetation cover are different. It is relatively more important in the rainfed agriculture than in the vegetation cover areas. Our results show that the agreement between vegetation drought indices and meteorological drought indices is moderated to low and the SPI is slightly more concordant with SWI when it is compared to SVI in autumn and winter seasons. The validation approach indicates that drought affected area, according to SWI, is highly correlated with cereal production. Likewise, a satisfactory correlation was revealed between SWI and in situ SPI.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Almazroui, M., 2011. Calibration of TRMM rainfall climatology over Saudu Arabia during 1998-2009. Atmospheric Research 99 (2011), 400-414. Bajgiran, P.R., Darvishefat, A.A., Khalili, A., Makhdoum, M.F., 2008. Using AVHRR-based vegetation indices for drought monitoring in the Northwest of Iran. Journal of Arid Environments 72 (June (6)), 1086-1096.
Literature cited 2: Balghai, R., 2006. Wheat grain yield forecasting models for food security in Morocco. University de Liege, pp. 116 (PhD thesis). Baret, F., Bartholome, E., Bicheron, P., Borstlap, G., Bydekerke, L., Ombal, B., Derwae, J., Geiger, B., Gontier, E., Gregoire, J.M., Hagolle, O., Jacobs, t., Leroy, M., Piccard, I., Samain, O., Van Roey, T., 2006. VGT4Africa User Manual. pp. 268.