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ID: 60090
Title: Remote sensing of CO2 leakage from geologic sequestration projects.
Author: Joshua L. Verkerke, David J. Williams, Eben Thoma.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 67-77 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) geological sequestration, Climate change, Remote sensing.
Abstract: Monitoring for leak hazards is an important consideration in the deployment of carbon dioxide geologic sequestration. Failure to detect and correct leaks may invalidate any potential emissions benefits intended by such projects. Presented is a review of remote sensing methods primed to serve a central role in any monitoring program due to their minimally invasive nature and potential for large area coverage in a limited timeframe or in real-time as a continuous monitoring program. Methods investigated were divided into those capable of indirect detection of carbon dioxide leakage, such as monitoring for vegetative stress and ground surface deformation, and those that directly detect gaseous and atmospheric compounds, by means of such tools as Open-path Fourier Transform Infrared or Tunable Diode Lasers. Both direct and indirect methods present viable means of detecting a leak event, though ultimately, a robust approach will multiple monitoring tools that may include both direct and indirect remote sensing methods.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abshire , J.B., Riris, H., Allan, G.R., Weaver, C.J., Mao,J., Sun, X., Hassel-brack, W.E., Kawa, S.R., Biraud, S., 2010a. Pulsed airborne lidar measurements of atmospheric CO2 column absorption. Tellus B 62 (5), 770-783, htpp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00502.x Abshire, J.B., Riris,H., Allan, G.R., Weaver, C.J., Mao, J., Sun, X., Hasselbrack, W.E., Yu, A., Amediek, A., Choi, Y., Browell, E.V., 2010b.A lidar approach to measure CO2 concentrations from space for the ASCENDS Mission. Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VI, 7832, Toulouse, France, http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.868567.
Literature cited 2: Amthor, J.S., 1995. Terrestrial higher-plant response to increasing atmospheric [CO2] in relation to the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biol. 1 (4), 243-274, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1995.tb00025.x. Aschbacher, J., Milagro-perez, M.P., 2012. The European Earth monitoring (GMES) programme: statusandperspectives.RemoteSens.Environ.120 (0), 3-8, http.//dx.doi.org./10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.028.

ID: 60089
Title: Tree species mapping in tropical forests using multi-temporal imaging spectroscopy: wavelength adaptive spectral mixture analysis.
Author: B.Somers, G.P. Asner
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 57-66 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Hyperion, Hyperspectral, MESMA, Morella faya, Phenology, Psidium cattleianum.
Abstract: The use of imaging spectroscopy for florisic mapping of forests is complicated by the spectral similarity among co-existing species. Here we evaluated an alternative spectral unmixing strategy combining a time series of EO-1 Hyperion images and an automated feature selection in Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA). The temporal analysis provided a way to incorporate species phenology while feature selection indicated the best phonological time and best spectral feature set to optimize the separability between tree species. Instead of using the same set of spectral bands throughout the image which is the standard approach allowed the spectral subsets to vary on a per pixel basis. As such we were able to optimize the spectral separability between the tree species present in each pixel. The potential of the new approach for floristic mapping of tree species in Hawaiian rainforests was quantitatively assessed using both simulated and actual hyperspectral image time-series. With a cohen ' s Kappa coefficient of 0.65, WASMA provided a more accurate tree species map compared to conventional MESMA(Kappa = 0.54; p -value < 0.05. T he flexible or adaptive use of band sets in WASMA provides an interesting avenue to address spectral similarities in complex vegetation canopies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Armstrong, R.W., 1983. Atlas of Hawaii, 2nd Ed. University of Hawaii Press. State of Hawaii, Honolulu. Asner, G.P., Heidebrecht, K.B., 2003. Imaging spectroscopy for desertification studies: comparing AVIRIS and EO-1 Hyperion in Argentina drylands. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 41, 1283-1296.
Literature cited 2: Asner, G.P., Lobell, D.B., 2000. A biogeophysical approach for automated SWIR unmixing of soils and vegetation. Remote Sens. Environ. 74, 99-112. Asner, G.P., Vitousek, P.M., 2005. Remotely analysis of biological invasion and biogeo-chemical change. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 102, 4383-4386.

ID: 60088
Title: Estimation of aboveground biomass in Mediterranean forests by statistical modeling of ASTER fraction images.
Author: O. Fernandez-Manso, A. Fernandez-Manso, C.Quintano.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 45-56 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: ASTER, Biomass estimation, Spectral mixture analysis, Multiple linear regression, Forest inventory, Mediterranean pine.
Abstract: Aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation from optical satellite data is usually based on regression models of original or synthetic bands. To overcome the poor relation between AGB and spectral bands due to mixed-pixels when a medium spatial resolution sensor is considered, we propose to base the AGB estimation on fraction images from Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis (LSMA). Our study area is managed Mediterranean pine woodland (Pinus pinaster Ait) in central Spain. A total of 1033 circular field plots were used to estimate AGB from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) optical data. We applied Pearson correlation statistics and stepwise multiple regression to identify suitable predictors from the set of variables of original bands, fraction imagery, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Tasselled Cap Components. Four linear models and one nonlinear model were tested. A linear combination of ASTER band 2 (red, 0.630-0.690 ? m), band 8 (short wave infrared 5, 2.295-2.365 ?m) and green vegetation fraction (from LSMA) was the best AGB predictor (R2adj = 0.632, the root-mean-squared error of estimated AGB was 13.3 Mg ha-1 (or 37.7%), resulting from cross-validation), rather than other combinations of the above cited independent variables. Results indicated that using ASTER fraction images in regression models improves the AGB estimation in Mediterranean pine forests. The spatial distribution of the estimated AGB, based on a multiple linear regression model, may be used as baseline information for forest managers in future studies, such as quantifying the regional carbon budget, fuel accumulation or monitoring of management practices.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aldred, A.H., Alemdag, I.S., 1988. Guidelines for Forest Biomass Inventory.Inf.Report. PI-X-77. Canadian Forest Service, Petawawa National Forest Institute. Ardo, J., 1992. Volume quantification of coniferous forest compartments using spectral radiance recorded by Landsat Thematic Mapper. Int. J., Remote Sens. 3 (9), 1779-1786.
Literature cited 2: Asner, G.P. 1998. Biophysical and biochemical sources of variability in canopy reflectance. Remote Sens. Environ. 64 (3), 234-253. Barbosa, J.M., Melendez-Pastor, I., Navarro-Pedreno, J., Bitencourt, M.D., 2014. Remotely sensed biomass over steep slopes: an evaluation among successional stands of the Atlantic forest, Brazil.ISPRS J., Photogramm. Remote Sens. 88, 91-100.

ID: 60087
Title: Accuracy of vegetation height and terrain elevation derived from ICESat/ GLAS in forested areas.
Author: F.Enble, J. Heinzel, B. Koch
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 37-44 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: ICESat, GLAS, LiDAR, ALS, Canopy height, Elevation
Abstract: This paper focuses on accuracy assessment of canopy top elevation, ground elevation and vegetation height (VH) derived from space borne full -waveform LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data across forested areas. Computed height metrics from LiDAR data which were acquired by the GLAS sensor aboard the ICESat (Ice Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) are compared against airborne laser scanning (ALS) based digital elevation models. Due to the dynamic topography of the sites under investigation, a wide range of slope angles could be investigated. ICESat ' s raw waveform data (GLA01) and the land surface altimetry data (GLA 14) products are used to determine height metrics with different methods. GLA14 based elevation and vegetation heights are computed from range offset information. Values are provided for signal begin, signal end, land range and up to six Guassian peaks for each received waveform. GLA01based terrain heights are computed by locally weighted polynomial regression and peak detection on the received waveform itself. A range of different smoothing spans and noise threshold values on the original waveform, which is represented by 544 single values (bins), were tested. A new method based on the unsmoothed waveform was developed for the detection of the signal begin. By detecting the location above the noise threshold, where the signal rises at least for 5 bins (75 cm), achieved more precise results, than the given signal begin in the GLA 14 product. For ground peak detection by smoothing of the waveform it was found that noise thresholds of 4 and 4.5 times the standard deviation plus the mean noise level give the best performance. For VH computation in areas up to 10? terrain slope, a smoothing span of 10 bins achieved r2= 0.58, where as the GLA14 based method achieved r2 of 0.75 in flat terrain (0-5?) .For these flat areas, best results in VH computation (r2= 0.91) were achieved by using the new method for canopy top detection and the GLA14 based ground elevations. Determination of terrain elevations was observed to be best by computation with GLA14 based parameters. The stronger of second last two peaks was found to be closest to the ground level elevation.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abshire, J.B., Sun, X., Riris, H., Sirota, J.M., M McGarry, J.F., Palm, S., Yi, D., Liva, P., 2005. Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on the ICESat mission: on-orbit measurement performance. Geophysical Research Letters 32. Abshire, J., Ketchum, E., Afzal, R., Millar, P., Sun, X., 2000. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) for the ICESat mission. In: Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO 2000). Technical Digest. Postconference Edition. TOPS Vol. 39 (IEEE Cat. No. 00CH37088). Opt. Soc. America.pp.602-603.
Literature cited 2: Ballhorn, U., Jubanski, J., Siegert, F., 2011. ICESat/GLAS data as measurement tool for peatland topography and Peat Swamp Forest biomass in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Remote Sensing 3, 1957-1982. Boudreau, J., Nelson, R., Magrolis, H., Beaudoin, A., Guidon, L., Kimes, D.S., 2008. Regional aboveground forest biomass using airborne and spaceborne LiDARin Quebec. Remote Sensing of Environment 112, 3876-3890.

ID: 60086
Title: Using Landsat Thematic Mapper records to map land cover change and the impacts of reforestation programmes in the borderlands of southeast Yunnan, China: 1990-2010.
Author: Jialong Zhang, Thi-Thanh-Hien Pham, Margaret Kalacska, Sarah Turner.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 25-36 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Land cover monitoring, Landsat TM, Support vector machines, Reforestation, Yunnan, China.
Abstract: At the beginning of the new millennium, after a severe drought and destructive floods along the Yangtze River, the Chinese government implemented two large ecological rehabilitation and reforestation projects: the Natural Forest Protection Programme and the Sloping Land Conversion Programme. Using Landsat data from a decade before, during and after the inception of these programmes, we analyze their impacts along with other policies on land use, land cover change (LULCC) in south west China. Our goal is to quantify the predominant land cover changes in four borderline counties, home to tens of thousands of ethnic minority individuals. We do this in three time stages (1990, 2000and 2010). We use support vector machines as well as transition matrix to monitor and land cover changes. The land cover classifications resulted in an overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient for forested area and cropland respectively 91% (2% confidence interval) and 0.87. Our results suggest that the total forested area observed increased 3% over this 20-year period, while cropland decreased between 1990 and 2000 and then increased between 2000 and 2010. In contrast, cropland increased and then decreased. These results suggest the important impacts of reforestation programmes that have accelerated a land cover transition in this region. We also found large changes in LULC occurring around fast growing urban areas, with changes in these peri-urban zones occurring faster to the east than west. This suggests that differences in socioeconomic conditions and specific local and regional policies have influenced the rates of forest, cropland and urban net changes, disturbances and net transitions. While it appears that a combination of economic growth and forest protection in this region over the past 20 years has been fairly successful, threats like drought, other extreme weather events and land degradation remain.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baumann, M., Ozdogan, M., Kuemmerle, T., Wendland, K.J., Esipova, E., Radeloff, V.C., 2012. Using the Landsat record to detect forest-cover changes during and after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the temperate zone of European Russia. Remote Sensing of Environment 124, 174-184. Berk, A., Bernstein, L.S., Anderson, G.P., Acharya, P.K., Robertson, D.C., Chetwynd, J.H., Adler-Golden , S.M., 1998. MODTRAN cloud and multiple scattering upgrades with application to AVIRIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 65, 367-375.
Literature cited 2: Bonan, G.B., 2008. Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests, Science 320, 1444-1449. Brandt, J.S., Kuemmerle, T., Li, H.M., Ren, G.P., Zhu, J.G., Radeloff, V.C., 2012. Using Landsat imagery to map forest change in southwest Ch9ina in response to the national logging ban and ecotourism development. Remote Sensing of Environment 121, 358-369.

ID: 60085
Title: Fusion of pan-tropical biomass maps using weighted averaging and regional calibration data.
Author: Yong Ge, Valerio Avitabile, Gerard B.M. Heuvelink, Jianghao Wang, Mrtin Herold.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 13-24 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Biomass maps, Accuracy, Fusion model, Spatial variability.
Abstract: Biomass is a key environmental variable that influences many biosphere -atmosphere interactions. Recently, a number of biomass maps at national, regional and global scales have been produced using different approaches with a variety of input data, such as from field observation, remotely sensed imagery and other spatial datasets. However, the accuracy of these maps varies regionally and is largely unknown. This research proposes a fusion method to increase the accuracy of regional biomass estimates by using higher-quality calibrtiona data. In this fusion method, the biases in the source maps were first adjusted to correct for over-and underestimation but comparison with the calibration data. Next, the biomasss maps were combined linearly using weights derived from the variance -covariance matrix associated with the accuracies of the source maps. Because each map may have different biases and accuracies for different land use types, the biases and fusion weights were computed for each of the main land cover types separately. The conceptual arguments are sustained by a case study conducted in East Africa. Evaluation analysis shows that fusing multiple source biomass maps may produce a more accurate map than when only one biomass map or unweighted averaging is used.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Avitable., V., Baccini, A., Fried, M.A., Schmullius, C., 2012. Capabilities and limitations of landsat land cover data for aboveground woody biomass estimation of Uganda. Remote Sens. Environ. 117, 366-380 Avitabile, V., Herold, M., Henry, M., Schmulius, C., 2011. Mapping biomass with remote sensing: a comparison of methods for the case study of Uganda. Carbon Balance Manag. 6 (7), 1-14.
Literature cited 2: Baccini, A., Goetz, S.J., Walker, W.S., Laporte, N.T., Sun, M., Sull-Menashe, D., Hackler, J., Beck, P.S.A., Dubayah, R., Friedl, M.A., Samanta, S., Houghton, R.A., 2012. Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-d3ensity maps. Nat.Clim.Change 2, 182-185 Baccini, A., Laporte, N., Goetz, S.J., Sun, M., Don, H., 2008. A first map of tropical Africa ' s above -ground biomass derived from satellite imagery. Environ.Res.Lett. 3, 1-9.

ID: 60084
Title: IRSeL- An approach to enhance continuity and accuracy of remotely sensed land cover data.
Author: H. Rathjens, K., Dornhofer, N. Oppelt.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 31. 1-12 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Land use change, Crop rotations, Space-time interpolation, Remote sensing, Landsat.
Abstract: Land cover data gives the opportunity to study interactions between land cover status and environmental issues such as hydrologic processes, soil properties, or biodiversity. Land cover data often are based on classification of remote sensing data that seldom provides the requisite accuracy, spatial availability and temporal observational frequency for environmental studies. Thus, there is a high demand for accurate and spatio-temporal complete time series off land cover. In the past considerable research was undertaken to increase land cover dat. The approach leverages special properties known for agricultural areas such as crop rotations or temporally static land cover classes. The newly developed IRSeL-tool (Interpolation and improvement of Remotely Sensed Land cover) corrects classification errors and interpolates missing land cover pixels. The easy -to -use tool solely requires an initial land cover data set. The IRSeL specific interpolation and revision technique, the data input requirements and data output structure are described in detail. A case study in an area around the city of Neumunster in Northern Germany from 2006 to 2012 was performed for IRSeL validation with initial land cover data sets (Landsat TM image classifications) for the years 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2011. The results of the case study showed that IRSeL performs well; including years with no classification data overall accuracy of the land cover data; overall accuracy values rise 0.08 in average resulting in overall accuracy values of at least 0.86. Considering estimated reliabilities, the IRSeL tool provides a temporally and spatially completed and revised land cover data set that allows drawing conclusions for land cover related studies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Agresti, A., 2007. An introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, New Jersey. Allan, J., Erickson, D., Fay, J., 1997. The influence of catchment land use on stream integrity across multiple spatial scales. Freshw. Biol. 37, 149-161.
Literature cited 2: Boucher, A., Seto, K., Journel, A., 2006. A novel method for mapping land cover changes: incorporating time and space with geostatistics. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens 44, 3427-3435. Burkhard, B., Kroll, F., Nedkov, S., Muller, F., 2012. Mapping ecosystem service supply, demand and budgets. Ecol. Indic. 21, 17-29.

ID: 60083
Title: Retrieving water surface temperature from archive LANDSAT thermal infrared data: Application of the mono-channel atmospheric correction algorithm over two freshwater reservoirs.
Author: R.N. Simon, T.Tormos, P.-A.Danis.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 247-250 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Waterbodies, Remote sensing, Thermal infrared, Water surface temperature, LANDSAT 7 ETM+, Atmospheric correction, Mono-channel algorithm.
Abstract: Water surface temperature is a key element in characterizing the thermodynamics of waterbodies ,and for irregularly-shaped inland reservoirs, LANDSAT thermal infrared images are the best alternative yet for the retrieval of this parameter. However, images must be corrected mainly for atmospheric effects in order to be fully exploitable. The objective of this study is to validate the mono-channel correction algorithm for single-band thermal infrared LANDSAT data as put forward by Jimenez-Munoz et al. (2009). Two freshwater reservoirs in continental France were selected as study sites, and best use was made of all accessible image and field data. Results obtained are satisfactory and in accordance with the literature: r2 values are above 0.90 and root-mean-square error values are comprised between 1 and 2 ? C. Moreover, paired Wilcoxon signed rank tests showed a highly significant difference between field and uncorrected image data, a very highly significant difference between uncorrected and corrected image data, and no significant difference field and corrected image data. The mono-channel algorithm is hence recommended for correcting archive LANDSAT single-band thermal infrared data for inland waterbody monitoring and study.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alcantara, E.H., Stech, J.L., Lorenzzetti, J.A., Bonnet, M.P., Casamitjana, X., Assireu, A.T., Novo, E.M.L.D.M., 2010. Remote sensing of water surface temperature and heat flux over a tropical hydroelectric reservoir. Remote Sensing of Environment 114, 2651-2665. Dee, D.P., Uppala, S.M., Simmons, A.J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P. Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M.A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A.C.M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer,A.J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.B., Hersbach, H., Holm, E.V., Isaksen, L., Kallberg, P., Kohler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A.P., Monge-Sanz, B.M., Morcrette, J.J., Park, B.K., Peubey, C., De Rosnay, P., Tovolato, C., Thepaut.J.N., Vitatrt, F., 2011. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quaterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 137, 533-597.
Literature cited 2: Dekker, A.G., Peters, S.W.M., 1993. The use of the Thematic Mapper for the analysis of eutrophic lakes: a case study in the Netherlands. International Journal of Remote Sensing 14, 799-821. Giardino, C., Pepe, M., Brivio, P.A., Ghezzi, P., Zilioli, E., 2001. Detecting chlorophyll, Secchi disk depth and surface temperature in a sub-alpine lake using Landsat imgery. Science of the Total Environment 268, 19-29.

ID: 60082
Title: Multitemporal landslides inventory map updating using spaceborne SAR analysis.
Author: C.Del Ventisette, G. Moretti, N. Casagli.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 238-246 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Landslides inventory, Surface deformation, SAR interferometry, Remote sensing, Valfurva.
Abstract: Deep seated gravitational slope deformation and slow moving landslides on large areas were analyzed by spaceborne SAR interferometry: a test site in the Italian Alps of about 300 Km2 was selected for updating pre-existing landslide inventory maps based on the advanced interferometric processing technique (A-DinSAR). SAR images from ERS-1/2 satellites (1995-2000) and from Envisat satellite (2002-2009) have been used, allowing the deferred -time analysis of past movements and the record of recent slope movements. In the multi-temporal updated landslide inventory database, the characteristics of the landslides were highlighted: geometry, state of activity, typology, monitoring systems, interventions, source of information and the updating time and actions. Furthermore, for each landslide area, the occurrence of persistent scatterers points and the statistical description of their velocities were reported. This methodology may allow the systematic updating of landslides inventory maps keeping all information on each landslide, becoming the basic tool for the realization and updating of thematic maps such as the landslide susceptibility map.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Agliardi, F., Crosta, G., Zanchi, A., 2001. Structural constraints on deep-seated slope deformation kinematics. Engineering Geology 59 (1-2), 83-102. Bianchini, S., Cigna, F., Del Ventisette, C., Moretti, S., Casagli, N., 2012. Detecting and monitoring landslide phenomena with Terra SAR-X persistent scatteres data: the gimigliano case study in Calabria Region (Italy) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 982-985 (art.no.6351237).
Literature cited 2: Bianchini, S., Cigna, F., Righini, G., Proietti, C., Casgli, N., 2012a. Landslide hotspot mapping by means of persistent scatterer interferometry. Environmental Earth Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1559-5. Bianchini, S., Cigna. F., Del Ventisette, C., Moretti, S., Casagli, N., 2012b. Detecting and monitoring landslide phenomena with TerraSAR-X persistent scatterers data: the gimigliano case study in Calabria Region (Italy) In: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS).

ID: 60081
Title: Effect of bulk chemistry in the spectral variability of igneous rocks in VIS-NIR region: Implications to remote compositional mapping.
Author: Archana M. Nair, George Mathew.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 2227-237 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: VIS-NIR, Reflectance spectroscopy, Rock spectra, Remote sensing, Compositional mapping.
Abstract: In the present study, a range of igneous rocks with weight percentage of silica ranging from 45 % to 70% were used to generate reflectance spectra in the VIS-NIR region. The laboratory generated reflectance spectra of these rocks were used to study the effect of chemical composition and mineralogy on the spectral properties. The characteristic spectral features were evaluated based on the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the rocks. The main spectral features in the VIS-NIR region are the 0.07 ?m absorption band due to the inter valance charge transfer between Fe2+ and Fe3+ termed as Band F, the 1?m broad absorption band from Fe2+ at the octahedral sites in pyroxene termed as Band I, the 1.9 ?m and 2.3 ?m narrow absorption bands due to H2o or OH functional group in hydrated minerals. The 2 ?m absorption feature (Band ii; Cloutis and Gaffey, 1991) is observed as a weak feature in all the mafic rocks. The analysis of Band I with the bulk chemistry and mineralogy, we observed a positive correlation to the bulk Ca abundance. Rocks with high bulk calcic content exemplify Band I as a prominent spectral feature towards longer wavelength. Consequently, basalt, gabbro and anorthositic rocks show Band I as a strong feature. However, rocks with low bulk Calcic content show Band I as a weak absorption feature observed towards shorter wavelength. Thus, igneous rocks of alkaline affinity have subdued Band I feature that appears towards shorter wavelength. The analysis of Band F with the bulk chemistry and mineralogy showed a positive correlation to the bulk Fe abundance. The results of the present study have implications towards remote compositional mapping and lithological discrimination for planetary studies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adams, J.B., 1974. Visible and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectras of pyroxenes as applied to remote sensing of solid objects in the solar system. J. Geophys. Res. 79, 4829-4836. Bandfield, J.L., 2006. Extended surface exposures of granitoid compositions in Syrtis Major, Mars, Geophys, Res. Lett., http:// dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005 GLO25559.
Literature cited 2: Bandfield, J.L., Rogers, A.D., 2008. Olivine dissolution by acidic fluids in Argyre Planitia, Mars: evidence for a widespread process? Geology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G24724A.1. Burns, R.G., 1993. Origin of electronic spectra of minerals in the visible to near infrared region .In: Pieters, C.M., Englert, P.A.J., (Eds), Remote Geochemical Analysis: Elemental and Mineralogical Composition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-28.

ID: 60080
Title: Remote sensing net primary productivity (NPP) estimation with the aid of GIS modeled shortwave radiation (SWR) In a Southern African Savanna.
Author: Godfrey Pachavo, Amon Murwira.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 217-226 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Remote sensing, NPP, MODIS, GIS, SWR, DMP.
Abstract: We tested whether and to what extent a remote sensing net primary productivity (NPP) estimation model based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and GIS modeled shortwave radiation can be used to estimate NPP in a southern African Savanna landscape. To accomplish this, we compared the results of our model with results obtained using an established rainfall-NPP regression model developed by Lieth and Whittaker (1975) for the savanna landscape, as well as the dry matter productivity (DMP) remotely sensed model. Results show that our model estimates do not significantly (p> 0.05) differ with results from the Lieth regression model with an R2 of 0.67. In addition, results showed that our remotely sensed NPP correlated significantly (p>0.05) with the DMP results (Pearson Correlation) R=0.91). These results suggest that we can successfully model African Savanna NPP using MODIS remotely sensed data in combination with GIS modeled clear sky and topographically based shortwave radiation (SWR) flux.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Chenje, I., Jhonson, R., 1998. The state of the Environment of the Southern Africa. Maseru, Harare, SADC. Esri, 1998. ArcView GIS 3.2. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, CA.
Literature cited 2: Goetz, S., Prince, S., Small, J., G leason, A., 2000. Interannual variability of global terrestrial primary production: results of a model driven with satellite observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (D15). Grace, J., Jose, S.J., Meir, P., Miranda, H.S., Montes, R.A., 2006. Productivity and carbon fluxes of tropical savannas. Journal of Biogeography 33, 387-400.

ID: 60079
Title: Evaluation of forest cover estimates for Haiti using supervised classification of Landsat data.
Author: Christopher E. Churches, Peter J. Wampler, Wanxiao Sun, Andrew J. Smith.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 203-216 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Land cover, Deforestation, Image normalization, FAO, Supervised classification, Fuzzy classification.
Abstract: This study uses 2010-2011 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery to estimate total forested area in Haiti. T he thematic map was generated using radiometric normalization of digital numbers by a modified normalization method utilizing pseudo-invariant polygons(PIPs), followed by supervised classification of the mosaicked image using the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Land Cover Classification System. Classification results were compared to other sources of land-cover data produced for similar years, with an emphasis on the statistics presented by the FAO. Three global land cover datasets (GLC2000, Globcover, 2009, and MODIS MCDI 12 Q1), and a national-scale dataset (a land cover analysis by Haitian National Centre for Geospatial Information (CNIGS) were reclassified and compared. According to our classification, approximately 32.3% of Haiti ' s total land area was tree covered in 2010-2011. This result was confirmed using an error-adjusted area estimator, which predicted a tree covered area of 32.4%. Standardization to the FAO ' s forest cover class definition reduces the amount of tree cover of our supervised classification to 29.4%. This result was greater than the reported FAO value of 4% and the value for the recoded GLC2000 dataset of 7.0%, but is comparable to values for the three other recoded datasets: MCDI 12 Q1 (21.1%), Globcover (2009) (26.9%), and CNIGS (19.5%). We propose that at coarse resolutions, the segmented and patchy nature of Haiti ' s forests resulted in a systematic underestimation of the extent of forest cover. It appears the best explanation for the significant difference between our results, FAO statistics, and compared datasets is the accuracy of the datasets is the accuracy of the data sources and the resolution of the imagery used for land cover analyses. Analysis of recoded global datasets and results from this study suggest a strong linear relationship (R2= 0.996 for tree cover) between spatial resolution and land cover estimates.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aide, T.M., Clark, M.L., Grau, H.R., Lopez-Carr, D., Levy, M.A ., Redo, D., Bonilla-Moheno, M., Riner,G., Andrade-Nunez, M.J., Muniz,M., 2102. Deforestation and reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001-2010). Biotropica 45 (2), 262-271. Alvarez-Berrios, N.L., Redo, D.J., Aide, T.M., Clark, M.L., Grau, R., 2013. Land Change in the Greater Antilles between 2001 and 2010. Land 2 (20, 81-107.
Literature cited 2: Bannister, M.E., 2003. Agroforestry adoption in Haiti: the importance of household and farm characteristics. Agroforestry Systems 57 (2), 149-157, http:/dx.doi.org/10.1023/A: 1023973623247. Bartholome, E., Belward, A.S., 2005. GLC2000: a new approach to global land cover mapping from Earth observation data: International Journal of Remote Sensing 26(9), 1959-1977.

ID: 60078
Title: Assessment of the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF evapotranspiration product for drought monitoring in Europe.
Author: Guadalupe Sepulcre-Canto, Jurgen Vogt, Alirio Arboleda, Tiberiu Antofie.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 190-202 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Water stress, Drought, LSA-SAF, EUMETSAT, EDO.
Abstract: Evapotranspiration is a key parameter for water stress assessment as it is directly related to the moisture status of the soil-vegetation system and describes the moisture transfer from the surface to the atmosphere. With the launch of the Meteosat Second Generation geostationary satellites and the setup of the Satellite Application facilities, it became possible to operationally produce evapotranspiration data with high spatial and temporal evolution of the potential of the evapotranspiration (ET) product from the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) for drought assessment and monitoring in Europe. To assess the potential of this product, the LSA-SAF ET was used as input for the ratio of ET to reference evapotranspiration (ETo), the latter estimated from the ECMWF interim reanalysis. In the analysis two case studies were considered corresponding to the drought episodes of spring/summer 2007 and 2011. For these case studies, the ratio ET/ETo was compared with meteorological drought indices (SPI, SPIE, and Sc-PDSI for 2007 and SPI for 2011) as well as with the anomalies of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (fAPAR) derived from remote sensing data. The meteorological and remote sensing indicators were taken from the European Drought Observatory (EDO) and CARPATCLIM climatological atlas. Results show the potential of ET/ETo to characterize soil moisture variability, and to give additional information to fAPAR and to precipitation distribution for drought assessment. The main limitations of the proposed ratio for drought characterization are discussed, including options to overcome them. These options include the use of filters to discriminate areas with a low percentage vegetation cover or areas that are not in their growing period and the use of evapotranspiration without water restriction (ETwwr), obtained as output of the LSA-SAF model instead of ETo. The ET/ETwwr ratio was tested by comparing its accumulated values per growing period with the winter wheat yield values per country published by Eurostat. The results point to the potential of using the remote sensing based LSA-SAF evapotranspiration and ET/ETwwr ratio for vegetation monitoring at large scale, especially in areas where data is generally lacking.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alley, W.M., 1984. The Palmer Droughts Severity Index: Limitations and assumptions. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 23, 1100-1109. Anderson, M.C., Hain, C., Waedlow, B., Pimstein, A., Mecikalski, J.R., Kutas, P., 2011. Evaluation of Drought Indices Based on Thermal Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration over the Continental United states. Journal of Climate 24, 2025-2044.
Literature cited 2: Anderson, M.C., Norman, J.M., Diak, G.R., Kustas, W.P., Mecikalski, J.R., 1997. A two-source time -integrated model for estimating surface fluxes using thermal infrared remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 60, 195-216. Balsamo, G., Viterbo, P., Beijaars, A., Van den Hurk, B., Hirschi, M., Beets, A.K., Scipal, K., 2009. A revised hydrology for the ECMWF model: verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the integrated forecast system. Journal of Hydrometeorology 10 (3), 623-643.

ID: 60077
Title: Modeling the spatial distribution of above -ground carbon in Mexican coniferous forests using remote sensing and a geostatistical approach.
Author: J. Mauricio Galeana-Pizana, Alejandra Lopez-Caloca, Penelope Lopez-Quiroz, Jose Luis Silvan-Cardensa, Stephane Couturier.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 179-189 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Above-ground biomass, Interferometric coherence, Spatial autocorrelation, Regression-Kriging, Coniferous forest, Mexico.
Abstract: Forest conservation is considered an option for mitigating the effect of greenhouse gases on global climate, hence monitoring forest carbon pools at global and local levels is important. The present study explores the capability of remote-sensing variables (vegetation indices and textures derived from SPOT5; backscattering coefficient and interferometric coherence of ALOSPALSAR images) for modeling the spatial distribution of above-ground biomass in the Environmental Conservation Zone of Mexico City. Correlation and spatial autocorrelation coefficients were used to select significant explanatory variables in fir and pine forests. The correlation for interferometric coherence in HV polarization was negative, with correlations coefficients r=-0.83 for the fir and r=-0.75 for the pine forests. Regression-krigings showed the least root mean square error among the spatial interpolation methods used, with 37.75 tC/ha for fir forests and 29.15 tC/ha for pine forests. The results showed that a hybrid geospatial method, based on interferometric coherence data and a regression-kriging interpolator, has good potential for estimating above-ground biomass carbon.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Acosta-Mireles, M., Vargas-Hernandez, J., Velasquez-Martinez, A., Etcheves-Barra, J.D., 2002. Estimcion de la biomasa aerea mediante el uso de relaciones alometricas en seis species en Oaxaca, Mexico, Agrociencia, 725-736. Anselin, L., REey, S., 2010. Perspective on Spartial Data Analysis. Springer, USA, 290 p.
Literature cited 2: Avendano-Hernandez, D.M., Acosta-Mireles, M., Carrilllo-Anzures, F., Etchevers-Barra, J.D., 2009. Estimacion de biomasa y carbon en un bosque de Abies religiosa. Fitotecnia Mexicana, 233-238. Balzter, H., Rowland, C., Saich, P., 2007. Forest canopy height and carbon estimation at Monks Wood National Natura Reserve, UK using dual-wavelength SAR Interferometry. Remote Sensing of Environment 108, 224-239.

ID: 60076
Title: Fluorescence, PRI and canopy temperature for water stress detection in cereal crops.
Author: C.Panigada, M. Rossini, M. Meroni, C.Cilia, L.Busetto, S. Amaducci, M.Boschetti, S.Cogliati, V.Picchi, F. Pinto, A.Marchesi, R.Colombo.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Vol. 30. 167-178 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Airborne, Water stress, Stress detection, Thermal, PRI, Fluorescence.
Abstract: Narrow-band multispectral remote sensing techniques and thermal imagery were investigated for water stress detection in cereal crops. Visible and near infrared AISA Eagle (Specim, Finland) and thermal AHS160 (Sensytech Inc., USA) imageries were acquired with an airborne survey on a farm-level experimental site where maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L) were grown with three different irrigation treatments. Vegetation biophysical and eco-physiological measurements were collected concurrently with the airborne campaign. Leaf fluorescence yield (?F/fm ' ) resulted to be a good indirect measure of water stress. Therefore, ? F/Fm ' measurements were compared against remotely sensed indicators: (i) the photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), (ii) the sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence at 760 nm (F760), retrieved by the Fraunhofer line depth method and (iii) the canopy temperature (Tc) calculated decoupling soil and vegetation contributions. Tc was related to ?F/Fm` with the highest determination coefficient (R2= 0.65), followed by PRI586 (reference band at 586 nm) (R2=0.51). The relationship with F760 was significant but weaker (R2=0.36). The coefficient of determination increased up to 0.54 when pigment concentration was considered by multiplying ?F/Fm` and chlorophyll content, confirming the close relationship between passive fluorescence signal, pigment content and light photosystem efficiency. PRI586, F760, and Tc extracted from the plots by the three remotely sensed indicators. This was confirmed by the visual observation of the PRI586, F760 and Tc maps, while sorghum plots, F760 and Tc appeared more sensitive to water stress compared to PRI586.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Baldridge, A.M., Hook, S.J., Grove, C.I., Rivera, G., 2009. The ASTER spectral library version 2.0 Remote Sensing of Environment 113, 711-715. Ballester, C., Jimenez-Bello, M.A., Castel, J.R., Intrigliolo, D.S., 2013. Usefulness of thermography for plant water stress detection in citrus and persimmon trees. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 168, 120-129.
Literature cited 2: Baluja, J., Diago, M.P., Balda, P., Zorer, R., Meggio, F., Morales, F., Tardaguila, J., 2012. Assessment of vineyard water status variability by thermal and multispectral imagery using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Irrigation Science 30, 511-522. Berni, J.A.J., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Squarez, L., Fereres, E., 2009a. Thermal and narrowband multispectral remote sensing for vegetation monitoring from an unmanned aerial vehicle. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 47, 722-738.