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ID: 60645
Title: Adsorption studies on the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater Using Activated Carbon Derived from Water Hyacinth.
Author: P.Santhosh and C.Dhandapani.
Editor: Prof.K.P.Sharma & Dr. P.K. Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Mrs T.P. Goel.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology Vol 12 (4) 563-568 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Adosorption, Water Hyacinth, Activated carbon, Chromium (VI), Wastewater.
Abstract: In this study, Cr (VI0 is removed from Wastewater using activated carbon derived from water hyacinth as an unconventional adsorbent. The aquatic plants commonly referred as aquatic weeds found in rivers, lakes and water logged areas pose a number of problems in water resource utilization. This work deals with one such weed ?water hyacinth? which was selected to prepare activated carbon. The physical and chemical characteristics of the activated carbon prepared were determined. The study determines the parameters that influence adsorption process such as Ph, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The suitability of Freundiich and Langmuir models was investigated for each chromium sorbent system. The Lagergren ' s constants were calculated for different initial concentrations of metal ions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: APHA 1992. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington DC. Gupta, V.K., Rastogi, A. and Nayak, A., 2010. Adsorption studies on the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using a low cost fertilizer industry waste material .Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 342 (1): 135-141.
Literature cited 2: Kanawade, Sachin M. and Gaikwad, R.W. 2011. Removal of methylene blue from effluent by using activated carbon and water hyacinth as adsorbent.Int.Jrof Chem.Enggand Aplications, 2 (5): 317-319. Kannan, A. and Thambidurai, S.2008. Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from Palmyra palm fruit seed. Bulletein of the chemical Society of Ethiopia, 22 (2): 183-196.

ID: 60644
Title: Study on Snowmelt Runoff Under climate Change Effect in Tianshan Mountain in China.
Author: Meng Xian-Yong, Ji Xiao-nan, Liu Zhi-hui, Chen Xi and Fang Shi-feng.
Editor: Prof.K.P.Sharma & Dr. P.K. Goel.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Mrs T.P. Goel.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology Vol 12 (4) 555-562 (2013)
Subject: Nature Environment & Pollution Technology
Keywords: Snowmelt runoff, SWAT analysis, Climate change effect, Tianshan mountain
Abstract: A major proportion of discharge in the Juntanghu river basin is contributed by its glacier-fed river and snow catchments situated in northern mid-slope of Tianshan Mountain, Northwest China. The Mann-Kendall trend test based on the 50 yeas data (1961to 2011) were used for analysis of the climate change trends and the application of the SWAT model under different climate change scenarios show that watershed hydrological cycle would alter different climatic scenarios. This suggests that the reservoirs will be necessary for large flow storage to meet the need of the flood control, water supply, etc.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abbspour, K.C., Yang, J., Siber, R., Bogner, K., Mieleitner, J., Zobrist, j., AND Srinivasan, R.2007. Modelling hydrology and water quality in the pre-alpine/alpine Thur watershed using SWAT. Journal of Hydrology, 333 (2): 413-430. Abudu, S., Cui, C., King, J.P. and Abudukadeer, K. 2010. Comparison of performance of statistical models in forecasting monthly streamflow of Kzil River, China. Water Science and Engineering, 3 (3): 269-281, doi: 10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2010.03.003.
Literature cited 2: Adam, J.C., Hamlet, A.F. and Lettenmaier, D.P. 2009. Implications of global climate change for snowmelt hydrology in the twenty-first century. Hydrological Processes, 23 (7): 962-972, doi:10.1002/hyp.7201. Anderson, E.A. 1973. National Weather Service River Forecast System: Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model. Washington, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service River Forecast System: Snow Accumulation and Ablation Model. Washington, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service.

ID: 60643
Title: Non-timber forest products and house hold incomes in Bonga forest area, Southwestern Ethiopia.
Author: Ermias Melaku, Zeleke Ewnetu, Demel Teketay.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 215-223(2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Bonga forest, determinants of NTFP collection, household income, livelihood activities, NTFPs.
Abstract: We identified the major non-timber forest products (NT FPS) , their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influencing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles (the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia) were sampled from two districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using proportion al- to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals . The farmers diversified livelihood activities such as crop and livestock production , collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities . NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs (forest coffee, honey and spices ) accounted for 47% of annual household income. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Variables including being native to the area (+), total land holding (+) , possession of livestock (+) and access to extension (+) significantly affected forest coffee production . Age of household head (-), land holding(+)and distance of the market from the residence (-) significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding (+) , distance to market (-) and distance of the forest from the residence (-) were significant variables determining the NTFP incoes derived by the households.Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for thewell-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adilo M.2007. The contribution of non-timber forest products to rural livelihood in southwest Ethiopia. Msc Thesis. Wageningen: Wageningen university. Agustino S, Mataya B. Senelwa K, Achigan-Dako EG. 2011. Non-wood forest products and services for socio-economic development.A compendium for Technical and professional Forestry Education . The African Forest Forum, Nairobi.
Literature cited 2: Ambrose-Oji B. 2003. The contribution of NTFPto the livelihoods of the ? forest poor? : evidence from the tropical forest zone of south -west Cameroon .International Forestry Review, 5(2): 106-117. Andargatchew A. 2008. Value chain analysis for bamboo originating from Shedem Kebele, Bale zone . Msc Thesis. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University.

ID: 60642
Title: Future Of Abies pindrow in swat district, northern Pakistan
Author: Kishwar Ali, Habib ahmad, Nasrullah Khan, Stephen Jury
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 211-214 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: vegetation mapping, Abies pindrow, climate change, predictive models, Swat valley.
Abstract: Swat district is a biodiversity hub of Pakistan . The plant species, especially trees , in the swat District are exposed to extinction threat from global climate change. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling of species distribution , using HADCM3 A2a global climate change scenario , predicte a considerable change in the future distribution of Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle. AUC(area under the curve ) values of 0.972 and 0.983 were significant for the present and future distribution models of the species respectively. It is clear that bioclimatic variables such as the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (bio_10) and the annual temperature range (bio_7) contribute significantly to the model and thus affect the predicted distribution and density of the species .The future model predicts that by the year 2080 population density will have decreased significantly . The highest density of the species is recorded in the eastern and western borders of the valley in the areas of sulatanr and Mankial. The changes in density and distribution of the species can have considerable impact ,not only on the trees species itself, but on the associated subflora as well.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adnan M, Holscher D. Medicinal plant abundance in degraded and reforested sites in Northwest Pakistan. Mountain Research and Development, 30: 25-32. Ahmad SS, Sherazi A, Shah MTA. 2010. A preliminary study on climate change causing decline in forest cover area in District Chakwal , Pakistan . pak J Bot, 42: 3967-3970.
Literature cited 2: Baquar SR. 1995. Trees of Pakistan . Their natural history characteristics and utilization : Royal Book company Karachi,p. 634. Beigh SY, Nawchoo IA, Iqbal M. 2005. Cultivation and conservation of Aconitum heterophyllum : A critically endangered medicinal herb of the Northwest Himalayas . J Herbs Species Med Plants, 1: 47-56.

ID: 60641
Title: Development and evaluation of local communities incentive programs for improving the traditional forest management : A case study of Northern Zagros forests, Iran
Author: Jalal Henareh Khalyani, Manouchehr Namiranian , S.M . Heshmatol Vaezin.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 205-210 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Zagros Forests , traditional forest management , forest protection , Forestry Incentive programs,DPSIR analysis.
Abstract: We examined the local community incentive programs to improve traditional forest management in three forested villages in Baneh city, Kurdistan province in the northern Zagros forests of western Iran. Zagros forests cover 6.07 million ha and support rich plant and animal diversity. Changes in local community social and economic systems and the inefficiency of traditional forest management led to a critical situation in the stability of forest regeneration in recent decades. Due to a shortage of productive and arable lands and resulting unemploymentand poverty,people overexploited the Zagros forests. Outside intervention in traditional forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management ,including forest resources conservation and improvement of natural resource based livelihoods of communities, it is desirable to implement Forestry Incentive programs(FIP) based on the important functions of forests. Detailed information on the socio-economics of communities though questionnaire, interview and observation . We studied 276 households in three villages and completed 76 questionnaires by householders in the quantitative analysis.sampling was performed by simple random sampling (SRS) . The needs of rural communities ,such as livestock husbandary ,mainly arise from the characteristics and environmental features of villages. We identified the driving forces , pressures , status , impacts and responses (DPSIR) to design incentive programs , by DPSIR analysis and interaction analysis. Evaluation of local community benefits from forests showed that in order to improve forest management , 319 dollars per year would be needed by each family as an incentive in 2010 to prevent lopping and firewood collecting, the main causes of forest degradation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adms JS, Mcshane TO, 1992. The myth of wild Africa : conservation without illusion .Berkeley: University of California press. Arun A., Ostrom E. 2001. Collective action ,property rights and decentralization in resource use in India and Nepal. Politics and socity, 29(4): 485-514.
Literature cited 2: Boyd R. 1984. Government support of nonindustrial production: the case of private forests. Southern Economic Journal , 51(1): 89-107. Bromley Daniel W, David F, Margaret M, Pauline P, Jere G. Ronald O, Runge CF, Thomson J. 1992. Making the commons work : Theory, Practice, and policy, San Francisco, CA: ICS press.

ID: 60640
Title: Fungal inoculation induces agarwood in young Aquilaia malaccensis trees in the nursery.
Author: Rozi MOHAMED, Phai Lee Jong, Abd Kudus KAMZIAH
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 201-204 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Artificial inoculation, Discoloration Zone; fungi; guaiene; palustrol.
Abstract: Fungi are often used to induce agarwood in Aquilaria trees. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of several fungi on agarwood formation over time in young Aquilaria malaccensis (Lam.) trees. Typical changes in the length and light intensity of the resulting discoloration were observed after three and six month periods following inoculation. Wood samples were observed microscopically and classified in to several light intensity groups. The discoloration length was measured longitudinally .The duration after inoculation affected the mean of discoloration length: the 6-month old sample (1.70 cm) had a wider discoloration zone when compared to the 3 -month old sample (1.17 cm). When measuring the discoloration intensity , a positive relationship with time was perceived. Digital images, captured using a camera -equipped microscope ,revealed that wood samples collected after six months appeared to be 1.8 times darker than after three months.We concluded that time ,not the species of any of the tested fungi, had significant effect on discoloration length and intensity .Gas chromatography /mass spectrometry(GCMS) analysis of the 6 -month old sample yielded some important agarwood compounds such as benzylacetone , anisylacetone, guaiene and palustrol .This demonstrates that the tested fungi have the ability to induce agarwood formation in nursery A. malaccensis trees.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Barden A, Anak NA, Mulliken T, song M. 2000. Heart of the matter : Agar -wood use and trade and CITES implementation for Aquilaria Malaccencis. Available at: www.traffic.org.[May 3, 2006] Bhuiyan MNI, Begum J, Bhuiyan MNH . 2009.Analysis of essential oil of eaglewood tree(Aquilari agallocha Roxb) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry .Bangladesh Journal Pharmacology, 4: 24-28.
Literature cited 2: Chang ys, Nor Azah MA, Abdul Rashid AM. 2011. Inducement of gaharu and potentials of gaharu oils. In: A.M. Abdul Rashid and Y. Ahmad Zuhaidi(eds) ,Tapping the wealth from karas (Aquilaria malaccensis) tree. Malayan Forest Records, 50,pp 48-62 Chang YS, Nor Azah MA, Abdul Rashid A.M. 2011 Inducement of gaharu and potentials of gaharu oils. In: A.M. Abdul Rashid and Y.Ahmad Zuhaidi(eds) , Tapping the wealth from karas (Aquilaria malaccensis) tree. Malayan Forest Records, 50, pp 48-62.

ID: 60639
Title: Assessment of soil erodibility and aggregate stability for different prts of a forest road.
Author: Aidin Parsakhoo, Majid Lotfalian, Ataollah Kavian, Seyed Ataollah Hosseini
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 193-200 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: road prism, soil erodibility , aggregate stability, wet sieving, Lat Talar forest.
Abstract: We measured erodibility and mean weight diameter (MWD)of soil aggregates in different parts of a forest road. Samples of topsoil were collected from cutslope, fillslope,road surface and forest ground to assess the texture ,bulk density , moisture,caco? and organic matter. Soil aggregate stability was determined by wet sieving .Soil erodibiity on the road surface was 2.3 and 1.3 times higher than on thefillslope and cutslope , respectively. The forest soil had the lowest erodibility .Aggregate stability of cutslope and road surface were low and very low, respectively. There was a significant negative relationship between cutslope erodibility with caco? and sand content. Cutslope erodibility increased with increasing silt,clay and moisture content. On fillslopes, MWD increased with increasing rock fragment cover, plant cover , litter cover, organic matter and sand. There was a strong negative correlation between fillslope erodibility and organic atter ,sand and MWD.There was no significant difference between erodibility of bare soil and soils beneath Rubus hyrcanus L.and Philonotis marchica(Hedw). Brid.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Angers DA, Carter MR. 1996. Aggregation and organic mtter storage in cool, humid agricultural soils.In: carter MR, Stewart BA(eds), structure and organic Matter storage in Agricultural soils. Advances in soil science, Boca Raton ,FL : Lewis pub., CRC press Inc., Amezketa E. 1999. Soil aggregate stability : A review .A journal of sustainable Agriculture,14: 83-151.
Literature cited 2: Bryan RB.2000. soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslope . Geomorphoogy , 32: 385-415 Burri K. Graf F, BollA.2009.Revegetation measures improve soil aggregate stability : a case study of landslide area in central Switzerland .Forest , snow and Landscape Research, 82: 45-60.

ID: 60638
Title: Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve, Central India.
Author: Ambica paliwal, Vinod Bihari Mathur.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 185-192 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Spatial pattern analysis, landscape structure , FRAGSTATS, IRS P6 LISS IV.
Abstract: Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species. Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics .Patterns of landscape elements and their dynamics. Pattern s of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics . This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropical dry deciduous forest of the Taboda -Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR), Central India(using IRS P6 LISS IV data) and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz. landscape,class,and patch.The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6 vegetation classes. The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAGSTATS using 12 set of indices.The TATR landscape have a total of 2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7 patches per km? .Amongst all land cover classes, mixed bamboo forest is dominant -it occupied maximu area (77.99%)- while riparian forest is least represented (0.32%). Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes. Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area, mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches.This study has focused on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inventory data for studying forest landscape patterns.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Bahuguna A. 2004.Evaluation of High resolution Resourcesat-1 LISSIVdata for coastal zone studies .In: National Natural Remote Management System, NRMS Bulletin , Hyderabad: National Remote Sensing Agency. Champion HG, Seth SK. 2005.A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India. Dehradun: Natraj publishers.
Literature cited 2: Cheril AJ. Mcclean C. 1995.A Comparison of land cover types in an Ecological field survey in northern England and a remotely sensed land cover map of Great Britain.Biological Conservation, 71: 313-323. Chust G, Ducrot D, Pretus JL. 2004.Land cover mapping with patch-derived landscape indices. Landscape and urban planning ,69: 437-449.

ID: 60637
Title: Effects of harvesting intensities and techniques on re-growth dynamics and quality of Terminalia bellerica fruits in central India.
Author: A.K. Pandey. Pankaj Bhargava.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 177-184 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Terminilia bellerica, nondestructive harvesting, active ingredient concentration, Chattisgarh,India.
Abstract: Terminilia Bellerica Roxb.(Belleric myrobalan) is one of the important multipurpose trees in central India. The fruits of the tree are highly valued for medicinal uses,with the greatest dmand coming from the pharmaceutical industry.This has resulted in overexploitation and present harvesting practices have led to a significant decline in natural regeneration for this tree species. Our study was conducted from 2006 to 2009. In chattisgarh(India) to standardize suitable harvesting practices for sustainable management for this valuable species.Experiments were conducted at four different sites located in Dhamtari, Sarguja, and Raigarh forest divisions of the state ,covering both protected and open forest in a complete randomized block design(RCBD). At each site, linear transects of 200 m x 100 m (2 ha) were randomly selected to sample the initial population and study the effects of two harvesting methods (traditional and nondestructive)and four harvesting intensities (60%, 70%,80%,90%) on the sustainability of T. bellerica. Fruits were collected and analyzed for their tannin and gallic acid content.Significant increase in tannin and galic acid content. Significant increase in tannin and gallic acid content was found with the maturity of fruits (September to December). This is the first study to experimentally assess the consequences of harvesting intensity ,time, and method are key factors for maintaining the population.Nondestructive harvesting methods were found to be superior to traditional harvesting in terms of regeneration ,recruitment,and concentration of active ingredients.When the fruits were harvested through non-destructive means at maturity, the population of species increased .The study concludes that 70% harvest of T.bellerica fruits through non-destructive means maintains the sustainability and provides quality raw material for the pharmaceutical industry.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Anand KK, Singh B, Saxena AK, Chandan BK, Gupta VN, Bhardwaj V. 1997. 3,4,5, -Trihydroxy bezoic acid(gallic acid ), the hepatoprotective principle in the fruits of Terminalia belerica-bioassay guided activity. Pharmacological Research, 36(4): 315-321. Avocevou-Ayisso C, Sinsin B. Adegbidi A, Dossou G, Van Damme P. 2009. Sustainable use of non-timber forest products: Impact of fruit harvesting on Pentadesma butyracea regeneration and financial analysis of its products trade in Benin ,Forest Ecology and Management, 257: 1930-1938.
Literature cited 2: Bernel R. 1998.Demography of te vegetable ivory palm, Phytelephas seemanni in Columbia,and the impact of seed harvesting.Journal of Applied Ecology ,35: 64-74. Bhuyan P,Khan ML, Tripathi RS. 2003.Tree diversity and population structure in undisturbed and human -impacted stands of tropical wet evergreen forest in Arunachal Pradesh,Eastern Himalayas, India.Biodiversity and conservation.,12: 1753-1773.

ID: 60636
Title: Effects of selective logging on tree diversity and some soil characteristics in a tropical forest in southwest Ghana.
Author: Alex Asase, Bismark K. Asiatokor, Kwasi ofori-Frimpong.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 171-176 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: tropical forest, deforestation, plant diversity, soil properties , Ghana.
Abstract: We investigated the effects of selective logging disturbances on tree diversity and soil characteristics in the Bia conservation Area in southwest Ghana. The study was concluded in unlogged ,29-35 years post logged and swamp forests using ten 25 m x 25 m plots. In total, we identified 310 individual trees belonging to 87 species. Mean Shannon-weiner index was highest in the post-logged forest but there were no significant differences in tree density,dominance , or DBH size class distributions between these forests. Soil physical properties such as pH and bulk density up to 30 cm depth were similar in the two of forests In terms of soil nutrient status ,available P, exchangeable K and total N contents were all similar in the unlogged and post-logged forests. Our findings suggest that the effects of logging on tree diversity are comparatively long-term, in contrast to its short-term effects on some top soil physical and chemical characteristics.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abeberese IK, Kyereh B.2005. Regeneration of timber species following selective logging in a most-semi-deciduous forest in Ghana.Ghana Journal of Forestry, 17&18: 20-35. Abeberese IK, Kyereh B. 2006. A post -logging assessment of some soil physiological properties in a Ghanaian moist semi-deciduous forest. Ghana Journal of Forestry, 19& 20: 54-62.
Literature cited 2: Adekunle VAJ, Olagoke A.O. 2010. The impacts of timber harvesting on residual trees and seedlings in a tropical rain forest ecosystem, southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Biodiversity science,Ecosystem services and Management,6: 131-138 Alongi DM , de carvalho NA,2008. The effects of small -scale logging on stand characteristics and soil biogeochemistry in mangrove forests of Timor Leste .Forest Ecology and Management, 255: 1359-1366.

ID: 60635
Title: Effects of harvesting on productivity of bay leaf tree (cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm: Case from Udayapur district of Nepal.
Author: Dyutiman choudhary, S.P. Kala, N.P. Todaria , S. Dasgupta, M. Kollmair.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 163-170 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: agro forestry, tree leaf harvesting, yield, management practices, sustainable development.
Abstract: Cultivation of bay leaves (Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm) to fulfil house hold income needs is a long established practice in Udayapur district of Nepal.The practices adopted by farmers for bay leaf harvesting have not , however ,been validated by scientific investigation for their sustainability. To investigate the impacts of harvesting on the yield of branch, leaves and biomass of leaves, a two-year research project was conducted in farm fields at Kopche village of Routa VDC in Udayapur district,Nepal. Four different harvesting treatments, the orientation and the order of branches were taken as independent variables to test their effects on number of branches, leaves and biomass of leaves . Orientation ,harvesting treatments and order of branches had a significant effect on the number of branches, but not on the number of leaves or biomass (fresh and dry weight) of leaves in the year of harvest. Between two consecutive harvests there was no significant difference in the number of branches, leaves or biomass. Lower two-thirds portion of the trees produced the largest number of leaves and branches of the fourth order in both years. Therefore ,lower two-thirds portion of the trees were suitable for harvesting.Our findings support farmer experience that no change in productivity of leaves is observed when harvesting each year .For long term sustainability ,harvesting should be conducted without debarking of trees or damage to branches. Our findings could be extrapolated to and tested in other areas with different access and user rights where the rotation for harvest is fixed or regulated without research evidence.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Aumeeruddy-Thoas Y.2005.Conservation and management of Himalayan medicinal plants, a regional perspective for identifying wise practices and approaches. In: Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Karki M, Gurung K, Parajuli D (eds), Himalayan Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ,Balancing use and Conservation.Kathmandu: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and Soil conservation,pp.40-55. Bhatt DM,Ravindranath NH,Gadgil M. 1995.Effect of lopping intensity on tree growth and stand productivity in tropical forests.Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 8(1): 15-23.
Literature cited 2: Bi J, Blanco JA, Kimmins JP, Ding Y, Seely B, Welham C. 2007. Yield decline in Chinese Fir plantations: A simulation investigation with implications for model complexity.Canadian Journal of Forest Reserch, 37(9): 1615-1630. Blanco JA, Zavala MA, Imbert JB, Castillo FJ. 2005.Sustainability of forest management practices: Evaluation through a simulation model of nutrient cycling. Forest Ecology and Management, 213(1-3): 209-228.

ID: 60634
Title: Morphogenetic responses of populous alba L. under salt stress.
Author: Mejda Abassi, Khaled Mguis, Zoubeir Bejaoui, Ali Albouchi.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 155-161 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: poplar, salinity,leaf elongation,vigor,internode length, floral bud
Abstract: The morphogenetic responses to salt stress of Tunisian populus alba clones were studied in order to promote their plantation in damaged saline areas. One year-old plants of three p.alba clones (MA-104, MA- 195 and OG) were subjected to progressive salt stress by irrigation during two consecutive years.The plants were gown in a nursery ,inside plastic receptacles containing sandy soil and were irrigated with tap water (control) or 3-6 g/l Nacl solution. During this study , leaf epinasty , elongation rate, vigor, internode length , plant architecture,and number of buds were evaluated . Test clone response was highly dependent on the applied treatment and degree of accommodation.The most pronounced alterations were induced under 6g/l of Nacl treatment including leaf epinasty, leaf elongation rate dely, vigor decrease , internode length shortening, and morphogenetic modifications. These responses were less noticeable in the MA-104 clone with respect to the two other clones.The salt effect induced a delay in the leaf elongation rate on the MA-195 and OG clones leading to an early leaf maturity. The vigour and internode length of the MA-104 clone was less affected than the other clones. The OGclone was the most salt-sensitive thus, it developed shorter branches and more buds number than MA-195 and MA- 104. The effect of long-term salt stress was to induce early flowering of the P.alba clones which suggests that mechanism of salt accommodation could be developed .
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abassi M, Albouchi A, Ben Mansoura A, Bejaoui Z, Rejeb MN, Mougou A. 2004.Tolerance de divers clones de peuplier a la salinite. Annales de I ' INRGREF, 6: 17-34. Abassi M, 2009. Tolerance de divers clones de peuplier a la salinite: Aspects morphologiques, ecophysiologiques, metaboliques, anatomiques et ultra structuraux.These de doctorat en sciences agronomiques (ecophysiologie), IRESA, Univ de Tunis, p.256.
Literature cited 2: Abassi M, Albouchi A, Bejaoui Z, Sellami D. 2010. Incidence de la salinite sur la croissance de jeunes plants de peuplier blanc(populous alba L.). Annles de I ' INRGREF, 10: 60-68. Barhoumi Z, Djebali W, Chaibi W, Abdelly C, Smaoui A. 2007. Salt impact on photosynthesis and leaf structure of Aeluropus littoralis.Journal of plant Research,120: 529-537.

ID: 60633
Title: Variability in permeability in integrity of cell membrane and depletion of food reserves in neem(Azadirachta indica ) seeds from trees of different age classes.
Author: Devendra Kumar, Dhruv Kumar Mishra.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 147-153 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Phospholipids, ?-Tocopherol , Lipid peroxidation, Azadirachta indica.
Abstract: We Quantified cell membrane permeability (electrical conductivity -EC, water soluble sugar-WSS, and amino acids-AA) and integrity (phospholipids, ?-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation) along with food reserve deterioration (total proteins, total sugar, total starch) of neem seeds collected from various mother tree age classes and stored for 65 days in airtight plastic containers at ambient room temperature (35?5?c). Results show that the activities were higher in fresh seeds(EC 267.56-2950.01 ?s/g, WSS 19.96-19-48 mg/g and AA 5.40-5.35 mg/g) and declined with increasing duration of storage period (EC 153.37-195.17?s/g,WSS 3.13-4.17MG/G and AA 4.29-4.49mg/g after 35 days and EC 144.02- 161.56 ?S/g,WSS 2.06-2.40 mg/g and AA 3.98-4.27 mg/g after 65 days of storage).Phospholipids and ?-tocopherol were higher in fresh seed (0.073-0.093 OD at 710 nm and 0.080-0.105 OD,respectively ) and declined as storage duration increased (0.033-0.042 OD at 710 nm and 00.0010-0.0020 OD, respectively ).Dead seeds showed reduced amounts of phospholipids and minimum activity of ?-tocopherol (antioxidants) The level of MDA was lower in fresh seeds (0.0066-0.0087 OD at 600-535 nm) and increased as storage duration increased (0.0248-0.0268 OD after 65 days of storage ). The higher amount of MDA indicated that seeds died due to rancidity of the oil inside the seed .Neem seed cake was assessed for deterioration of food reserves (total proteins , total sugar, and total starch), concentrations of which were higher in fresh seed and declined as storage duration increased . Germination was higher in fresh seeds and after 65 days , no germination was received perhaps due to deterioration of biochemical in seeds. Patterns of seed deterioration were similar across all seed lots.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abdul-Baki AA,Anderson JD. 1970.Viability and leaching of sugars from germinating barley.crop science,10: 31-34. Abdul-Baki AA, Anderson JD.1972.Physiological and biochemical deterioration of seeds. In: Kozlowski T.T.(Ed), seed biology,vol.2. New York : Academic press,pp. 283-315.
Literature cited 2: Agrawal PK, Dadlani M.1992. Membrane permeability : A measure of seed quality .In: Agrawal P.Kand DadlaniM. (eds), Techniques in seed science and technology. New Delhi : South Asian Publisher, International Book company Absecon Highlands, N.J. pp. 127-133. Agrawal PK.1977.Germination , fat acidity and leaching of sugars from five cultivars of paddy rice (oryza sativa) seeds during storage . seed science and Technology. 5: 489-498.

ID: 60632
Title: Does tree species composition control the soil carbon stocks of the Hyrcanian forest in the Northern Iran? (A case study in Guilan province, Iran)
Author: Vilma Bayramzadeh
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 143-146 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: beech forest, canopy coverage, soil carbon stocks, tree composition.
Abstract: This work studied the effects of tree species composition on soil carbon storage in five mixed stands dominated by oriental beech and grown in the western Caspian region in Guilan province, called Astara, Asalem, Fuman, Chere and Shenrud .Thickness of the litter layer, soil characteristics, tree composition and percentage of canopy coverage were measured in each stand. Total soil organic carbon differed significantly by stand. Total(organic) carbon stores at Fuman, which had the lowest tree species richness with 2 species and least canopy coverage(75%), were significantly (p<0.05) higher than at other locations. Carbon storage in topsoil (0-10 cm) was significantly lower in shenrud, which had the highest tree species richness with 5 species and highest canopy coverage in shenrud probably limited the conversion of litter to humus. However, in the second soil layer (10-25 cm), Asalem, with high tree species richness and canopy coverage, had the highest carbon storage. This can be explained by the different rooting patterns of different tree species. In the Hyrcanian forest. According to the results, it can be concluded that not only tree composition but also canopy coverage percentage should be taken under consideration to manage soil carbon retention and release.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adger WN, Brown K, Shiel RS, Whitby MC, 1992.Carbon Dynamics of land use in Great Britain. J.Environ.Manage, 36(2): 117-133. Berger T, Hager H, 2000.Physical top soil properties in pure stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and mixed species stands in Austria. Forest Ecol Manage, 136(1-3): 159-172.
Literature cited 2: Berger T, Neubauer Ch, Glatzel G.2002.Factors controlling soil carbon and nitrogen stores in pure stands of Norway Spruce (picea abies ) and mixed species stands in Austria.Forest Ecol Manage,159(1-2): 3-14. Blake GR, Hartge KH. 1986. Bulk density. In: A.Klute (e.d), Methods of Soil analysis, part 1, 2nd ed , Agronomy Monograph 9.Madison(WI)Agronomy society of America and soil science society of America ,pp.363-75.

ID: 60631
Title: The impact of land afforestation on carbon stocks surrounding Tehran, Iran.
Author: Saeid Varamesh, Seyyed Hosseini, Frshad Keivan Behjou.
Editor: YANG chuan -ping
Year: 2014
Publisher: The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Journal of Forestry Research.vol.25 (1) 135-141 (2014)
Subject: Forestry Research
Keywords: Carbon Sequestration, afforestation, cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus rotundifolia, Tehran.
Abstract: The city of Tehran, like many polluted metropolises of the world, has higher emissions of green house gases than other cities in Iran, due to heavy consumption of fossil fuel and land use changes. To estimate carbon sequestration in two 40 year-old stands of planted cupressus arizonica and Fraxinus rotundifolia in degraded lands surrounding Tehran, sampling of above -and below -ground bioass ,soil (at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm), and leaf litter was done by systematic random sampling . The total carbon stocks of c.arizona and F. rotundifolia stands were respectively 328.20 and 150.69 Mg.ha??.The aboveground biomass with 233. 16(71%) Mg.ha?? in arizonica and 88.16(58.50%) Mg.ha?? in F. rotundifolia contributed the most shares to carbon sequestration. The diameter at breast height, total height, basal carbon sequestration. The diameter at breast height, total height, basal area, total volume, and biomass of c.arizonica were significantly (p< 0.01) higher than those of F. rotundifolia. Also the depth of 0-30cm of soil contributed between 18.29% and 32.15% of total ecosystem carbon, respectively. The economic value of carbon sequestration in the two stands in 2011 was calculated at 3.5 and 2.5 million dollars, respectively. Our results indicate that afforestation of the degraded land surrounding Tehran would sequester more carbon than would continuously degraded land, the current status quo. These stands can absorb atmospheric Co2 at different rates, thus tree species selection and stand development should be considered in planning future afforestation projects.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Allard V, Soussana JF, FalcimagneR, Berbigier P. Bonnefond JM, Ceschia E, D ' hou P, Henault C, Laville P, Martin C, Pinare s-patino c. 2007. The role of grazing management for the net biome productivity and Green house gas Budget (co2, N2o and CH4) of semi-natural grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 121: 47-58. Allison LE.1965. Organic carbon. In: Black ,C.A.Evans, D.D., White , J.L., Ensminger, L.E. Clark , F.E.(Eds) ,Methods of soil Analysis ,part 2, chemical and Microbiological properties .Madison : American society of Agronomy, p.1367.
Literature cited 2: Aradottir A. Ssavarsdottir L, Kristian H., Jonsson P, Gudbergson G. 2000. Carbon accumulation in vegetation and solids by reclamation of degraded areas. Icelandic Agricultural Sciences. , 13: 99-113. Arevalo CBM, Bhatti JS, Chang SX, Sidders D. 2009. Ecosystem carbon stocks and distribution under different land-uses in north central Alberta, Canada, Forest Ecology and Management. 257(8): 345-357.