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ID: 60780
Title: Malin-Maharashtra landslides: a disaster triggered by tectonics and anthropogenic phenomenon.
Author: SM.Ramasamy, M.Muthukumar, M.Subagunasekar.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (8) 1428-1430 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Malin-Maharashtra, Landslides, Disaster, Tectonics, Anthropogenic phenomenon.
Abstract: The landslide that occurred on 30 July 2014, at Malin village, Ambegaon Taluka (19? 9 ' 40? N and 78? 41 ' 18? E), 110 km from Pune, West Maharashtra, was a major disaster that crushed a large number of houses and trapped/killed over 160 people in the village. A team of geologists from the Geological Survey of India (GSI) which conducted an on-the-spot study after the event observed that multiple factors may have caused the disaster. The team observed prominent bench cultivation of paddy in the upslope region of Malin village and the heavy impounding of water demanded by the crops might have promoted infiltration into the soil and loosened it, leading to the major mudflow, burying the Malin village.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Pune Mirror, 2 August 2014 and 4 August 2014. Powar, K.B., Geol.Soc.Mem, 1981, 45-57.
Literature cited 2: Powar, K.B. and Patil, D.N., Proceedings of Third Indian Geological Congress, Poona, 1980, pp. 235-253. Ramasamy, SM., Int.J.Remote Sensing, 2006, 27 (20), 4397-4431.

ID: 60779
Title: Growth of water purification technologies in the era of ' regulatory vacuum ' in India.
Author: Saradindu Bhaduri, Aviram Sharma and Nazia Talat.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (8) 1421-1423 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Growth, Water purification, Technologies, Era, Regulatory vacuum, India.
Abstract: Privatization and commodification of drinking water provisioning is a key phenomenon of ' post-liberalization ' India. A rapid and sustained growth in bottled water consumption and a matching increase in home purification technologies have largely been the backbone of this process. During the last decade and a half, the consumption of bottled water saw a rapid growth.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: McKenzie, D. and Ray, I., Water Policy, 2009, 11 (4), 442-460. https://www.bharatbook.com/beverages-market-research-reports-379315/bottled-water-industry-in-india-2012-17.html (accessed on 3 November 2014).
Literature cited 2: http://www.s-ge.com/sites/default/files/BBF_India_WaterAndWater Treatment In India.pdf (accessed on 6 November 2014). http://www.adimedia.com/PDF/TVJ/annual_issue/011-Water-Purifiers.pdf (accessed on 12 February 2013.

ID: 60778
Title: Conventional Indian Soil testing: need for major change.
Author: Arun Kumar, Raj Deo Singh, Balkrishna Sopan Bhople, Deepak Rameshwar Sapkal.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (8) 1410-1411 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Conventional, Indian, Soil, Testing, Need, Major, Change.
Abstract: The Green Revolution made India self reliant in food grain production. For green revolution, chemical fertilizer input was intensified for increasing the yield and it is a well-known fact that our applied research generally focuses on soil physical and chemical components to maintain or improve soil health for higher productivity. However the soil biological components, specifically soil microbial diversity is generally overlooked as evident from the fact that almost no Krishi Vigyan Kendra or ICAR soil testing laboratories, which are the proximity centres for any farmer, focus on soil metagenomics.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Reddy, B.H.R. et al., Curr.Sci, 2014, 106, 913-914. Hartmann, M. et al., ISME J., 2014; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2014.21-OL3-10.1038/ismej.2014.210M3.
Literature cited 2: Melakeberhan, H., J.Nematol, 2010, 42, 73-77. Hillebrand, H. and Matthiessen, B., Ecol.Lett, 2009, 12, 1405-1419.

ID: 60777
Title: Geographical Indication tag for basmati ' s fragrance: the battle won in the US but lost in India.
Author: Devi Singh, Vemuri Ravindra Babu, Ritesh Sharma.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (8) 1409-1411 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Geographical, Indication, Tag, Basmati, Fragrance, Battle, US, India.
Abstract: The name ' basmati ' is specific to the varieties fragrant specialty rice (Oryza sativa L) grown and maintained for centuries by farmers in the states of north India and some parts of Pakistan in the areas close to foothills of the Himalayas. ' Basmati ' is not generic name and therefore, cannot be used to describe another product, even if it is almost similar to the Indian basmati. Also, India wants to safeguard the typical identity of basmati under the geographical Indication (GI) tag. This certifies not only the geographical origin of a product, but also confirms its natural definition (adherence to specific quality standards). Also, GI does not allow its production beyond the geography of the tag for the product. India is focusing obstacles in getting it registered in country ' s GI Registry (GIR).
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Jayaraman, K.S., Nature, 1998, 391, 728.
Literature cited 2: http://shivrajsinghchouhan.org/newsdetail.aspx?id=647.

ID: 60776
Title: Recycling and treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater using Scenedesmus quadricuada
Author: Atul P. Vanerkar, Abhay B. Fulke, Satish K. Lokhande, Manish D. Giripunje and Shanta Satyanarayan.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 984-993 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Biotoxicity, herbal pharmaceutical industry, Scenedesmus quadricuada, wastewater.
Abstract: Globally, herbal pharmaceutical industries are among the leading pharmaceutical industries. They generate large volume of wastewater during processing and production, which is highly biodegradable in nature and cannot be discharged into environment as such. Hence efforts are being made to evaluate the toxicity of herbal pharmaceutical effluents using green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. Physico-chemically treated effluents (PCTEs) as well as biologically treated effluents (BTEs) were observed after the application of S.quadricauda. Also, S.quadricauda showed higher growth rate after the addition of PCTE and BTE. The highest yield of algae was observed in BTE up to 15 days of incubation by synthesis of chlorophyll and cell metabolites, even with 10-100 % dilution of effluents. The present study also discusses the evaluation of bio-toxicity and recycling on herbal pharmaceutical wastewater along with heavy metal removal.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Rajashekharan, P.E., World of science. In Herbal Medicine; Employment News, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 21-27 September 2002. Pushpangadan, P., Ravi, K. and Santosh, V., Conservation and Economic Evaluation of Biodiversity, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd, New Delhi,1997, 1st edn.
Literature cited 2: UNESCO, Water resources systems planning and management, 2005. Nandy, T., Kaul, S.N. and Szpyrcowicz, L., Treatment of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater with energy recovery.Int.J.Environ.Stud, 1998, 54, 83-105.

ID: 60775
Title: Distribution and molecular characterization of Wolbachia endosymbionts in odonata (insecta) from Central India by multigene approach.
Author: Rahul C. Salunkhe, Dhiraj P. Dhotre, Bipinchandra K. Salunke, Vikas S. Patil, Vaibhav Mahale, Raymond J. Andrew, Milind S. Patole, Ketan P. Narkhede and Yogesh S. Shouche
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 979-983 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Multilocus sequence typing, phenotypic effects, point mutations.
Abstract: Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial endosymbionts of arthropods distributed among a wide range of hosts. It is now well known that they induce reproductive manipulations in their arthropod hosts by various phenotypic effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate Wolbachia infection among the insect order Odonata comprising 16 species from 5 families. Fifteen odonate species representing five families were found to harbour Wolbachia with the overall infection rate of 70 %, out of which fourteen species are reported for the first time. According to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) data and phylo-genetic analysis, all odonate Wolbachia species belong to supergroup F, except Trithemis pallindinervis, which belongs to supergroup B. MLST data reveal 20 new, highly similar STs (99.32 ? 0.34). We found a high rate of Wolbachia infection in Odonata of India, which indicates importance of this association. The characterization of these Wolbachia strains promises to lead to a deeper insight in to this interaction, which is essential for further studies based on their phenotypic effects. The study suggests that all the characterized Wolbachia STs are totally new and arise as a result of point mutation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Huigens, M.E., de Almeida, R.P., Boons, P.A., Luck R.F. and Stouthamer, R., Natural interspecific and intraspecific horizontal transfer of parthenogenesis-inducing Wolbachia in Trichogramma wasps. Proc. Biol. Sci., 2004, 271, 509-515. Salunkhe, R.C., Narkhede, K.P. and Shouche, Y.S., Distribution and evolutionary impact of Wolbachia on butterfly hosts. Indian J. Microbiol., 2014, 54, 249-254.
Literature cited 2: Salunkhe, R.C., Narkhede, K.P. and Shouche, Y.S., Distribution and evolutionary impact of Wolbachia butterfly hosts. Indian J. Microiol., 2014, 54, 249-254. Werren, J.H., Baldo, L. and Clark, M.E, Wolbachia: master manipulators of invertebrate biology. Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2008, 6, 741-751.

ID: 60774
Title: Sea-level-rise trends off the Indian coasts during the last two decades.
Author: A.S. Unnikrishanan, A.G. Nidheesh and M. Lengaigne.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 971-978 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Global warming, natural variability, sea-level-rise trend, satellite altimetry, tide-gauges.
Abstract: The present communication discusses sea-level-rise trends in the north Indian Ocean, particularly off the Indian costs, based on estimates derived from satellite altimeter and tide-gauge data. Altimeter data analysis over the 1993-2012 period reveals that the rate of sea-level rise is rather spatially homogeneous over most of the north Indian Ocean, reaching values close to global mean sea-level-rise trend (3.2 mm yr-1) estimated over the same period. The only notable exception lies in the northern and eastern coasts of the Bay of Bengal, which experience larger trends (5mm yr-1 and more). These recent trends derived from altimeter data are higher than those estimated from tide-gauge records over longer periods during the 20thcentury .This communication calls for an improved understanding of the mechanisms behind this accelerated sea-level-rise recorded over the past two decades, that could either be a direct response to global warming or a result from an aliasing by the natural variability.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Church, J.A. et al., Changes in sea level .In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, Contributions of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2001, pp.639-693. Bindoff, N.L. et al., The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Solomon, S. et al), Cambridge University Press, UK, 2007, pp. 385-432.
Literature cited 2: Church, J.A. et al., Sea level change. In Climate Change 2013. The Physical Science Basis, Contributions of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Stocker, T.F. et al) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2013, pp. 1137-1216. Palanisamy, H., Cazenave, A., Meyssignac, B., Soudarin, L., Woppelmann, G. and Becker, M., Regional sea level variability, total relative sea level rise and its impacts on islands and coastal zones of Indian Ocean over the last sixty years. Global Planet. Change, 2014; doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.02.001.

ID: 60773
Title: Climate change impact on design and costing of soil and water conservation structures in watersheds.
Author: B. Krishna Rao, R.S. Kurothe, P.K. Mishra, Gopal Kumar andV.C. Pande.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 966-971 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Climate change, design and costing, soil and water conservation structures, watersheds.
Abstract: A study was carried out to determine the effect of climate change on design rainfall and its effect on design and costing of soil and water conservation structures in watersheds. For this study, the micro watershed located at Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Research farm, Vasad was selected and rainfall data from 1957 to 2012 was used. The analysis showed that as a result of climate change, there is significant increase in number of extremely heavy rainfall days as well as rainfall amount. The design rainfall of various soil and water conservation structures has increased by 11 %, 30 % and 38 % for design of staggered contour trenches, contour bunds and check dams respectively. The cost of construction of staggered contour trenches, contour bunds and check dams in water-sheds has increased by 26 %, 28 %and 12 % respectively. This study reveals that, there is a need to account for design and costing of soil and water conservation structures in the light of the climate change and a relook in to the watershed programmes of the central Gujarat region of India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Parry, M.L., Canziani, O.F., Palutikof, J.P., van der Linden, P.J. and Hanson, C.E. (eds), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, IPCCAR4 WG2, 2007; ISBN 978-0-521-88010-7. Goswami, B.N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanam, M.S. and Xavier, P.K., Increasing trends of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment. Science, 2006, 314, 1442-1445.
Literature cited 2: Guhathakurta, P.and Rajeevan, M., Trends in rainfall pattern over India.Int.J.Climatol, 2008, 28, 1453-1469. Pal, I. and Al-Tabbaa, A., Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes-An indication of climate change in Kerala, India .J. Hydrol, 2009, 367, 62-69.

ID: 60772
Title: Snow depth estimation in the Indian Himalaya using multi-channel passive microwave radiometer.
Author: K.K. Singh, A. Kumar, A.V. Kulkarni, P. Datt, S.K. Dewali, V. Kumar and R. Chauhan.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 960-966 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Brightness temperature, microwave radiometer, snow depth algorithm, snowpack.
Abstract: Snow depth is an important parameter for avalanche forecast and hydrological studies. In the Himalaya, manual snow depth collection is difficult due to remote and rugged terrain and the severe weather conditions. However, microwave-based sensors in various satellites have the capability to estimate snow depth in all weather conditions. In the present study, experiments were performed to establish an algorithm for snow depth estimation using ground-based passive microwave radiometer with 6.9, 18.7 and 37 GHz antenna frequencies at Dhundhi and Patseo, Himachal Pradesh, India. Different layers in the snowpack were identified and layer properties, i.e.thickness, density, moisture content, etc. were measured manually and using a snow fork. Brightness temperature (TB) of the entire snowpack and of the individual snow layers was measured using passive microwave radiometer. It was observed that TB of the snow is affected by various snow properties such as depth, density physical temperature and wetness. A decrease in TB with increase in snow depth was observed for all types of snow. TB of snowpack was observed higher at Dhundhi in comparison to Patseo. Based on the measured radiometer data, snow depth algorithms were developed for the Greater Himalaya and Pir-Panjal ranges. These algorithms were validated with ground measurements for snow depth at different observatory locations and a good agreement between the two was observed (absolute error: 7 to 39 cm; correlation: 0.95).
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Sekar, K.C., Invasive alien plants of Indian of Indian Himalayan region diversity and implication.Am.J.Plant Sci., 2012, 3, 177-184. Sharma, S.S. and Ganju, A., Complexities of avalanche forecasting in Western Himalaya-an overview. Cold Reg.Sci.Technol, 2002, 31, 95-102.
Literature cited 2: Shekhar, M.S., Chand, H., Kumar, S., Srinivasan, K. and Ganju, A., Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya. Ann.Glaciol, 2010, 51, 105-112. Kulkarni, A.V., Singh, S.K, Mathur, P. and Mishra, V.D., Algorithm to monitor snow cover using AWiFS data of RESOURCESAT-1 for the Himalayan region.Int.J.Remote Sensing, 2006, 27 (12), 2449-2457.

ID: 60771
Title: Low-voltage producing microbial fuel cell constructs using biofilm-forming marine bacteria
Author: Supriya Kumari, Neelam Mangwani and Surajit Das.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 942-953 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Biofilm, current output, low voltage, marine bacteria, microbial fuel cell.
Abstract: Biofilm-forming marine bacterial isolates Paenibacillus lautus NE3B01, Pseudomonas mendocina NR802, Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila NCW702 and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes NP103 in microbial fuel cell (MFC) were investigated for low-voltage power generation. Biofilm formation by the isolates was evaluated by glass tube assay, microtitre plate assay and fluorescence microscopy. A dual chamber MFC of 2 litre capacity was constructed for low-voltage power generation and current output. Two chambers were internally connected by salt bridge and externally the circuit was connected with copper wires which were joined to the electrodes with copper wires which were joined to the electrodes at the two ends and to the multimeter. Maximum current was generated when the salt bridge was constructed using 1 M KCI for all the four bacterial isolates. With Paenibacillus lautus NE3BO1, a maximum voltage of 727.5 ? 13.4 mV in 6 h with 7 g/l of glucose as the sole source of carbon was recorded. However, Pseudomonas mendocina NR802 MFC was the most stable in terms of potential generation among all the isolates used for MFC studies. The experimental data for current and voltage showed that the biofilm-forming marine bacterial isolates are useful in MFC technology.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Das, S. and Mangwani, N., Recent developments in microbial fuel cells: a review J. Sci.Ind. Res., 2010, 69, 727-731. Muralidharan, A., Ajay Babu, O.K., Nirmalraman, K. and Ramya, M., Impact of salt concentration on electricity production in microbial hydrogen based salt bridge fuel cells.Ind.J.Fund.Appl.Life Sci., 2011, 1, 178-184.
Literature cited 2: Kim, B., Park, H., Kim, H., Kim, G., Chang, I., Lee, J. and Phung, N., Enrichment of microbial community generating electricity using a fuel-cell-type electrochemical cell. Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol, 2004, 63, 672-681. Zhang, J., Zhang, RE., Scott, K. and Burgess, J.G., Enhanced electricity production by use of reconstituted artificial consortia of estuarine bacteria grown as biofilms.Environ.Sci.Technol, 2012, 46, 2984-2992.

ID: 60770
Title: Hyperspectral remote sensing of planetary surfaces: an insight into composition of inner planets and small bodies n the solar system.
Author: Prakash Chauhan, Prabhjot Kaur, N. Srivastava, Rishitosh K. Sinha, Nirmala Jain and S.V.S. Murty
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 925-932 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Hyperspectral remote sensing, mineralogy, planetary surfaces, solar systems.
Abstract: Space exploration missions of planetary bodies in our solar system have provided new insights to understand their formation and evolutionary processes that such bodies have undergone leading to their current geological state. Remote sensing from orbiter mission has helped in identifying surface features, delineating surface topography, mapping surface composition and deriving reliable age estimates of different planetary surfaces. In particular, high spatial and spectral resolution spacecraft observations have significantly contributed to our current understanding of the geological, physical and chemical processes that resulted in divergent evolutionary paths undertaken by different planetary objects such as inner and outer planets, dwarf planets, the moons and small solar system bodies (asteroids and comets). Hyperspectral remote sensing has been an emerging field of space-based reflectance spectroscopy and in recent years many imaging spectroscopy instruments have flown on different planetary missions, e.g. Moon Mineralogy Mapper on-board Chandrayaan-1, VIMS on Cassini mission, CRISM on Mars Recoconnaissance Orbiter 9MRO) mission, etc. This article provides a review on imaging reflectance spectroscopy for understanding the surface composition through mineralogy for different planetary bodies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Hartmann, W.K., Moons and Planets, Wadsworth Publishing Company, 4th edn, 1999. Srivastava, N., Hyperspectral remote sensing in planetary exploration. In Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and Spectral Signature Applications (eds Rajendran, S. et al), New India Publishing Agency, 2009, pp.55-65.
Literature cited 2: Burns, R.G., Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1970. Cloutis, E.A., Pyroxene reflectance spectrta: minor absorption bands and effects of elemental substitutions. J. Geophys. Res., 2002, 107, 6-1-6-12.

ID: 60769
Title: Simulating the effects of inelastic scattering on upwelling radiance in coastal and inland waters: implications for hyperspectral remote sensing.
Author: J.Vigneshwaran, P. Shanmugam and E.A. Gokul.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 915-924 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Inelastic scattering, phytoplankton CDOM fluorescence, Raman scattering, turbid and productive waters.
Abstract: Successful interpretation of spectral images from hyperspectral sensors is particularly important to achieve some far-reaching goals, including the detection and assessment of harmful algal blooms, water quality characteristics, trophic status of water bodies and marine/freshwater primary production. The present work is motivated by the desire to study the effect of inelastic scattering (chlorophyll and gelbstoff fluorescence and water Raman scattering) on upwelling) radiance through a direct method. The contribution of inelastic scattering to the emergent (upwelling) radiance from the water column is of significant importance and has relevance for the hyperspectral remote sensing of water colour. The method introduced to simulate inelastic scattering is a straightforward approach and differs from previous work in the way of derivation. The model allows for simulation of upwelling radiance for clear, turbid and productive (phytoplankton-dominated) waters. The results of this model are assessed by comparison with depth-dependant upwelling radiance data and results from the Hydrolight numerical model for these three water types. The comparisons show good agreement between measured and simulated values from the present model. The errors of this model are significantly small (when compared with those of the Hydrolight model) in the red wavelength region, where the chlorophyll fluorescence emission tends to peak around 685-720 nm when the concentration of chlorophyll is high in productive eutrophic waters. The magnitude and peak position at these wavelengths as produced by the present model could be used as precise indicators and predictors for the phytoplankton concentration in marine and inland water bodies. Thus, this work will have important implications in refining hyperspectrral bio-optical algorithms for fluorescence and water Raman scattering as well as for the high concentrations and variabilities of water constituents in coastal and inland regions, and in evaluating remote sensing reflectance measurements of these water bodies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Pravin, P.J. and Shanmugam, P., A new theory and its application to remove the effect of surface-reflected light in above-surface radiance data from clear and turbid waters. J. Quant.Spectrosc.Radiat. Transf., 2014, 142, 75-92. Shanbmugam, P., CAAS: an atmospheric correction algorithm for the remote sensing of complex waters.Ann.Geophys, 2012, 30, 203-220.
Literature cited 2: Rakesh Kumar, S. and Shanmugam, P., A novel method for estimation of aerosol radiance and its extrapolation in the atmospheric correction of satellite data over optically complex oceanic waters. Remote Sensing Environ, 2014, 142, 188-206. Sundarabalan, B., Shanmugam, P. and Manjusha, S., Radiative transfer modeling of upwelling light field in coastal waters. J. Quant.Spectrosc.Radiat.Transf., 2013,121, 30-44.

ID: 60768
Title: Snow and glacier investigations using hyperspectral data in the Himalaya.
Author: H.S. Negi, Chander Shekhar and S.K. Singh.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 903-914 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Albedo, Hyperspectral, hyperion, reflectance, snow cover monitoring, spectroradiometer.
Abstract: This article presents highlights of the research work done in hyperspectral remote sensing in the Himalayan cryosphere. Hyperspectral radiometric investigations conducted at different field locations of NW Himalaya and cold laboratory are discussed. Spectral signatures were collected for varying snow grain size, contamination, liquid water content, vegetation/soil-mixed snow, glacier ice, moraines and other ambient objects. The important wavelengths for snow applications are found to be 440, 550, 590, 660, 860, 1050, 1240 and 1650 nm. Further, the retrieval of snow parameters such as grain size, spectral albedo and snow contamination using imaging data at the above wavelength channels is discussed. Wavelengths 550, 1240 and 1660 nm are found to be useful for discriminating different glacier features. Limitations in hyperspectral remote sensing such as availability of imaging data, rugged topography and further research issues such as multi-sensor mapping and data fusion, multi-angle measurements, 3D adjacency effect and improved algorithms for quantitative retrieval of contaminants are identified.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Konig, M., Winther, J.G. and Isaksson, E., Measuring snow and glacier properties from satellite. Rev. Geophys., 2001, 39, 1-27. Dozier, J., Schneider, S.R. and McGinnis, J.D.F., Effect of grain size and snow pack water equivalence on visible and near infrared satellite observations of snow. Water Resour. Res., 1981, 17, 1213-1221.
Literature cited 2: Konig, M., Winther, J.G. and Isaksson, E., Measuring snow and glacier properties from satellite. Rev. Geophys., 2001, 39, 1-27. Dozier, J., Schneider, S.R. and McGinnis, J.D.F., Effect of grain size and snow pack water equivalence on visible and near infrared satellite observations of snow. Water Resour. Res., 1981, 17, 1213-1221.

ID: 60767
Title: Hyperspectral remote sensing and geological applications.
Author: D.Ramakrishnan and Rishikesh Bharti.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 879-891(2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Geological applications, hyperspectral remote sensing, spectroscopy of minerals and rocks, spectral unmixing.
Abstract: This article reviews the potential of hyperspectral Remote Sensing (HRS) technique in various geological applications ranging from lithological mapping to exploration of economic minerals of lesser crustal abundance. This work updates understanding on the subject starting from spectroscopy of minerals to its application in exploring mineral deposits and hydro-carbon reservoirs through different procedures such as atmospheric correction, noise reduction, retrieval of pure spectral endmembers and unmixing. Besides linear unmixing, nonlinear unmixing and parameters attributed to nonlinear behaviour of reflected light are also addressed. A few case studies are included to demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in different geological explorations. Finally, recent developments in this field like ultra spectral imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles and its consequences are pointed out.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Kusuma, K.N., Ramakrishnan, D. and Pandalai, H.S., Spectral pathways for effective delineation of high-grade bauxites: a case study from the Savitri River Basin, Maharashtra, India, using EO-1 Hyperion data. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 2012, 33 (22), 7273-7290. Ramakrishnan, D., Nithya, M., Singh, K.D. and Bharti, R., A field technique for rapid lithological discrimination and ore mineral identification: results from Mamandur polymetal deposit, India.J. Earth Syst.Sci, 2013, 122 (1), 1-14.
Literature cited 2: Coll, C., Caselles, V., Valor, E., Niclos, R., Sanchez, J.M., Galve, J.M. and Mira, M., Temperature and emissivity separation from ASTER data for low spectral contrast surfaces. Remote Sensing Environ, 2007, 110, 162-175. Hewson, R.D., Cudahy, T.J., Mizuhiko, S., Ueda, K. and Mauger, A.J., Seamless geological map generation using ASTER in the Broken Hill-Curnamona province of Australia. Remote Sensing Environ, 2005, 99, 159-172.

ID: 60766
Title: Monitoring of forest cover in India: imaging spectroscopy perspective.
Author: N.S.R. Krishnayya, Binal Christian, Dhaval Vyas, Manjit Saini, Nikita Joshi, K.R. Manjunath, Tanumi Kumar, Hitendra Padalia, Rajee George and S.P.S.Kushwaha.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 108 (5) 869-878(2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Forest cover, imaging spectroscopy, para-meter estimation, sustained assessment.
Abstract: Tropical forests are the most diverse and complex terrestrial systems. India is one of the mega diverse countries supporting rich floral diversity coming from diverse climatic conditions spread across the length and breadth of the country. Unique characteristics of these forest covers coupled with immense pressure of human activities make their monitoring essential so as to ensure their long-term sustainability. More reliable evaluation of forest cover can give better inputs to the National Mission for a Green India. Imaging spectroscopy is an appropriate technique to address some of these vital issues. This technique has seen an exponential growth in the past two decades, addressing various forestry applications such as tree species identification, invasive species mapping, monitoring phenology biophysical and biochemical characterization, to name a few. Data acquisition through imaging spectroscopy can be done across different spatial and spectral ranges according to the needs of the user. The review highlights important measures to be taken in using imaging spectroscopy for forestry studies, specifically in the Indian context. It emphasizes future outlook of the technology for a sustained assessment of tropical forest cover.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
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