ID: 61300
Title: Diversity of Medicinally Important Plants: A Case Study from Tanhril Area of Mizoram.
Author: Bidyasagar Singh, B.P.Mishra, S.K.Tripathi.
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 511-534 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Human societies, Biodiversity, ethnic societies, irreversible loss of biodiversity.
Abstract: Biodiversity is the very basis of human survival and economic well being on which human families and plant communities depend. Subsistence of human societies on the planet Earth depends on diversity of plants for many utility products (food, fodder, timber, fuel, medicines) and number of services from time immemorial. Forests are considered important for constituting enormous biodiversity and thus providing valuable resources and varieties of services to humans for millennia. According to World Health Organization estimates >80 % of the world ' s population in developing countries depends primarily on herbal medicine for basic healthcare needs. Expanding human population has led to over-exploitation of forest resources that was mainly reflected by the loss of species. Modern human societies have started to utilize medicines mostly derived from the plants; however, ethnic societies living in the close vicinity of forests particularly in northeast India are still using the plants for their health care and diseases based on their ancestral knowledge from the past. This study has documented variety of plant species from the Tanhril area of Mizoram and shown parts of the plant used for various therapeutic used by the ethnic society, and proper management of plant resource has been suggested to ensure their sustainable use.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adhikari B.S., Babu M.M., Saklani P.L., Rawat G.S., (2010).Medicinal Plants Diversity and their Conservation Status in Wild-life Institute of Indi (WII) Campus, Dehradun. Ethno-botanical Leaflets, 14: 46-56.
Anonymous, (1948-1976). The wealth of India-Raw Material series, (Publication and Information Directorate, New Delhi), Vol.I-IX.
Literature cited 2: Archana Godbole, (1996).Role of tribals in preservation of sacred forests, in Ethnobotany in Human Welfare, by SK Jain 345-348.
Borthkur S.K., (1997).Plants in the folklore and folk life of the Karbis (Mikirs) of Assam: (ed.Jain, S.K) Scientific Publ.Jodhpur, 169-178.
ID: 61299
Title: Biosphere: Connecting Conservation with Livelihood.
Author: S.C.Tiwari, Shabir Ahmad Bhat.
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 511-534 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Biosphere Reserve, atmosphere, Livelihoods and non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
Abstract: The biosphere is the biological component of the earth systems, which also include the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and other ?spheres? (e.g.cryosphere, anthrosphere, etc.).The biosphere includes all living organisms on earth, together with the dead organic matter produced by them.
The biosphere concept is common to many scientific disciplines including astronomy, geophysics, geology, hydrology, biogeography and evolution, and is a core concept in ecology, earth science and physical geography. A key component of earth systems, the biosphere interacts with and exchanges matter and energy with the other spheres, helping to drive the global biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and other elements. From an ecological point of view, the biosphere is the ?global ecosystem?, comprising the totality of biodiversity on earth and performing all manner of biological functions, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, nitrogen fixation and denitrification. The ?spheres? of earth systems. The biosphere concept is common to many scientific disciplines including.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Ahenkan A, Boon E 2008.Enhancing food security, poverty reduction and sustainable forest management in Ghana through Non-Timber Forest Products farming: Case study of Sefwi Wiawso District, published online by GRIN Publishing at www.grin.com/de/preview/.html (Retrieveed August, 8, 2010.)
Ahenken A, Boon E 2010.Commercialization of non-timber forest products in Ghana: Processing, packaging and marketing. Food Agric and Env, 8:962-969.
Literature cited 2: Anderson AB 1990.Extraction and forest management by rural inhabitants in the Amazon estuary, In: AB Anderson (Ed): Alternatives to deforestation: Steps Towards Sustainable Use of the Amazon Rain Forest. New York: Columbia University Press, pp.65-85.
Belcher, B.and Schreckenberg, K.(2007) Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: a reality check. Development Policy Review, 25, 355-377.
ID: 61298
Title: Synthetic and Bio-pesticides Usage in India.
Author: Noor A Khan, Neeta Thacker
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 484-510 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Synthetic pesticide, Bio-pesticides; Plant based pesticide
Abstract: Wide usage of chemical pesticide to control pest is universally adapted. The long term effect were overlooked hence boon of one time become bane for the ecosystem degradation. Several pressures have accelerated the search for more environmentally and toxicologically safe and more selective and efficacious pesticides. Thus, natural compounds have increasingly become the focus of those interested in discovery of pesticides. Therefore, bio-pesticides are developed as an alternative to chemical pesticide and a key component of Integrated Pest Management Systems (IPM).Bio-pesticides include a broad array of microbial pesticides, bio-chemicals derived from micro-organisms and other natural sources, and processes involving the genetic modification of plants to express genes encoding insecticidal toxins. This article outlines the current usage of synthetic pesticide, its effectiveness, persistence and consequences in India. Further, it deals with the present state of knowledge on the potential use of bio-pesticides in traditional Indian system, with special reference to plant based product in pests control.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Agnihotri, N.P., 1999.pesticides safety and monitoring. All India Coordinated Research Project on pesticides Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (1990) Chemical ecology in biological control.Curr.Sci., 59: 1319.
Literature cited 2: Anonymous, 2002.Demand pattern of pesticides for agriculture estimate 2001-2002 and forest 2002-2003.Pestic.Inf.28 (3), 52-55.
Atul M, Sharma GK.A comparative study of poisoning cases autopsied in LHMC, New Delhi, and JIPMER, Pondicherry.J.ForensicMed.Toxicol.2002; XIX http://www.jfmt.org/ARTI-CLE16.htm.
ID: 61297
Title: Chat (Catha Edulis) Mania in Ethiopia: Sense of Euphoria or Illusion?
Author: Sanjay Singh
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 463-483 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Cathine, Cathinone, Chat, euphoria, health impact, religious and socio-cultural impact.
Abstract: Chat (Catha edulis) is a potential medium-size green shrub that grows at high altitudes in the region extending from eastern to southern Africa. Its leaves, popularly called as golden leaves, emit a strong aromatic smell and have astringent and slightly sweet taste. The stimulant effect of chat is related to the cathinone content of the leaves. Cathinone is metabolized rapidly to cathine (norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine, which possess weak central stimulant properties because of their less lipophilic character. The livelihood of a large number of rural people in Ethiopia is based on chat cultivation and its sales which is a source of their income all the year round. People from all walks of life, i.e. low income to high income groups, men and women, employed and unemployed, young and old, boys and girls, students and teachers, laborers and executives etc all consume its fresh leaves by chewing. Holding a polythene bag stuffed with chat twigs having young leaves attached thereto are taken as a symbol of aristocracy and richness among youngsters. The chewing of fresh leaves of chat has become integral part of people ' s life of this region. Apart from home consumption it is also exported to neighboring countries. The medical and psychosocial effects of chat-chewing depend on its capacity to lead to dependency and to specific physical and behavioral effects, including socio-economic consequences for individuals and the community. The common effect of chat use is insomnia, a condition that the users sometimes try to overcome with sedatives or alcohol. The consumption of chat among the locals can be curbed by education and awareness programs about its negative consequences on health, agriculture and environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the adverse consequences of habitual chewing of chat on health and socio-cultural values of general public.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abbink J (1992).Chat in popular culture: a ' prayer ' from Harar, Ethiopia. Sociology-Ethnology Bull.1:89-93.
Alem A, Kebede D, Kullgren G (1999).The prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of khat chewing in Butajira, Ethiopia.Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl.397:84-91
Literature cited 2: Al-Hebshi NN, Skaug N (2005).Khat (Cathu edulis)-an updated review. Addict Biol.10.299-307.
Al-Motarreb A, Baker K, Broadly KJ (2002).Khat: pharmacological and medical aspects and its social use in Yemen.Phytother Res.16: 403-413.
ID: 61296
Title: Farmer ' s Knowledge of Soil Fertility Bio-ecological Indicators Influencing Land Use Management at Forest-agriculture Interface in Southern Cameroon.
Author: Mala, A. William, Geldenhuys, C J., Prabhu, R.
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 436-460 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Land use, local indicators, forest agriculture, agroecological, sustainability, Southern Cameroon.
Abstract: This paper examines the farmer ' s knowledge of soil fertility bio-ecological indicators influencing land use management decision at the forest agriculture interface. The study was carried in the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon within a gradient of natural resource use and population density. The social representation of resources at spatiotemporal levels is characterized by a dual system of complementary land uses. Five categories of soil fertility bio-ecological indicators are used by farmers including soil color, depth of humus, age of vegetation/forest and presence of earthworms, varying in number and quality in their use. The uses of combinations of these indicators illustrate the multi-criteria approach in the management of land use based on the local understanding of soil fertility in traditional agroecosystem. These indicators are used in defining soil fertility patterns, in selecting patches of land and in partly contributing to allocating appropriate land use for cropping. The results confirm that social representation of land uses, their resources and local bio-ecological indicators of soil fertility are key factors that influence land use management decisions and agro-ecological resilience in the agriculture-forest interface.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adesina AA, Chainu J, Mbila D (1997) Property rights and alley farming technology adoption in West and Central Africa. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Property Rights, Collective Action and Technology Development Adoption, 22-25 Nov 1997, ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
Altieri AM (2002) Agroecology: The Science of Natural Resource Management for Poor Farmers in Marginal Environments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environments 93 (2002): 1-24.
Literature cited 2: ASB (1995) Alternatives to Slash and Burn Phase I Report: Forest Margins Benchmark of Cameroon, Alternatives to Slash and Burn Program. Yaound?: IITA Humid Forest Ecoregional Centre.
ASB (2000) Alternatives to Slash and Burn Phase II Report: Forest Margins Benchmark of Cameroon, Alternatives to Slash and Burn Program. Yaound?: IITA Humid Forest Ecoregional Centre.
ID: 61295
Title: Collection and Marketing of Wild Honey by Indigenous People of Palawan, Philippines
Author: Arsenio B.Ella, Emmanuel P.Domingo
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 416-435 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: NTFPs, wild honey, pukyutan, ligwan, Natripal, Palawan.
Abstract: One important non-timber forest product (NTFP) from the local communities in Palawan is wild honey. Nagkakaisang Tribung Palawan (NATRIPAL), an association of indigenous people in collaboration with Forest Products Research and Development Institute-International Tropical Timber Organization (FPRDI-ITTO) Project worked hand-in-hand to gather the experiences and insights of the local people in the establishment and operation of wild honey gathering, trading and marketing. Moreover, the study aimed to improve and recommend appropriate technical skills along indigenous peoples (IPs) expertise and collection practices of wild honey. The study was carried out in 3 sites which were strategically distributed in the entire island- province. Assessment of the areas and interviews of IPs knowledgeable in the actual gathering, processing and trading of wild honey thus made up the methodology.
Honey gathering has been an integral part of IPs existence suffices it to say that it is a part of their culture and rituals. NATRIPAL in collaboration with FPRDI-ITTO based project brought Palawan ' s indigenous communities the idea of community organizing, giving priority to the livelihood concerns of honey gatherers and traders. Honey gathering, as an enterprise, is a very viable activity at the level of the gatherer. The technology offers the following advantages: a) low capital input; b) high returns per unit of time spent; and c) low technical requirement needed by the gatherer.
The interaction between NATRIPAL and FPRDI has enlightened the IPs on the possibility of self-determination and the importance of their tenurial holdings, thus maintaining their hold on the forest resources on which their livelihood is anchored. The Palawan traditional forest-related knowledge and practices (PTFRKP) are a function of the need for these IPs to survive. These may not have scientific basis but in a way capable of protecting the natural resource base of the environment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Banua, D. 1996.Personal communication as leading IP involved in wild honey production and marketing in Palawan.
Ella, A.B. and A.P.Mosteiro, 2000.Assessment on the collection, Processing and Trade of Non-Wood Forest Products in Local Communities (Palawan).Terminal Report. FPRDI-ITTO PD 15/96 Rev.2 (M, I).Study 2.150 pp.
Literature cited 2: Prebble, C., A.B.Ella and W.Subansenee.1999.ITTO: Making the Most of NWFP.ITTO Tropical Forest Update. Volume 9, No.1ISSN 1022-5439:4-8.
ID: 61294
Title: Sustainability of Livelihood Resources in Central West Coast, Uttara Kannada District, Karnataka, India.
Author: T.V.Ramachandra, M.D.Subash Chandran, N.V.Joshi, M.Boominathan
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 397-415 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Bivalves, estuary, Uttara Kannada, Impact of dams
Abstract: Bivalves (Clams and oysters) contribute to the livelihoods of many people in India. Shell and sand mining in the molluscan beds, over-exploitation of bivalves, and sustained freshwater flows from the hydroelectric projects are expected to have adverse consequences on estuarine bivalve resources. The present study was conducted in the four major estuaries of Uttara Kannada District (Kali, Gangavali, Aghanashini, and Sharavarthi), to see the diversity of edible bivalves and their distribution. The study was conducted in 2011-2012 period in these estuaries. The status of edible bivalves of the estuaries was assessed through primary observations and interviews with local fisher folks. Past studies were also referred together such information. Anadaragranosa, Meretrixcasta, M.meretrix, Paphiamalabarica, Polymesodaerosa, Villoritacyprinoides and oysters were present in the Uttara Kannada estuaries. In sharavathi estuary only Polymesodaerosa and oysters were found. The distribution zones of edible bivalves, and thereby abundance, in the Kali estuary was less than the Aghanashini and Gangavali estuaries. The reasons for such disparity between the neighbouring estuaries could be attributed to major human intervention in the form of construction of hydroelectric projects upstream that caused low salinity conditions in the downstream causing depletion of most estuarine bivalves, as is glaringly evident in the Sharavathi estuary.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alagarswami, K.and K A Narasimham.1973.?Clam, Cokle and Oyster Resources of the Indian Coasts.?In Proceedings of the Symposium on Living Resources of the Seas Around India, 1968, 648-658.Mandapam Camp.http:eprints.cmfri.org.in/2760/.
Apte, D.1998.The Book of Indian Shells. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, Mumbai.
Literature cited 2: Bhat, P K 2003. ?Hydrological Studies of Aghanashini Estuary, Kumta-Central West Coast of India?.Ph.D.Thesis, Karnataka University, Dharwad.
Boominathan, M, M D S Chandran, and T V Ramachandra.2008 Economic Valuation of Bivalves in the Aghanashini Estuary, West Coast, Karnataka. Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
ID: 61293
Title: Medicinal Plants Cultivation and Domestication: Need a Ground Level Research in Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India.
Author: L.S.Kandari, V.K.Bisht, R.Hiramani Yadav, Tripti Negi.
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 370-396 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Climate change; Domestication, Medicinal plants; traditional, Socio-economic.
Abstract: Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are essential part of traditional health care systems in India and in Himalayan region (IHR).The wild collection and cultivation of a variety of MAP species provide a critical source of health care, income and livelihood to many rural communities inhibited in the Uttarakhand in central Himalaya. During last few decades, many of these plant species are increasingly threatened by various factors like environmental, socio-economic and habitat destruction. Simultaneously, traditional and local source of knowledge about usage and importance of these plants are also getting vanished, and in some cases, lost very rapidly due to the migration, death of aged people who are endowed with herbal values of these important resources. Uttarakhand state has been declared as ?Herbal State? in 28 March 2002 and various attempts have been made at different levels to address the issues by organizing rural appreciation, availability of quality planting material, farmers training programmes, sustainable use of these resources, development of market/supply chain etc. The training Programmes were usually conducted to build and strengthen the capabilities for the farmers to domesticate MAPs. However, such programmes gained wide popularity among few farmers where they were organized. The limited impact is attributed to lack of a holistic approach from top to bottom and vice-versa. Therefore, scientific analyses by the researchers should identify the need for further research and sustained interventions to strengthen the willingness with better infrastructure and extension programs. Researchers should focus on lab to land and action oriented research for the economical upliftment of the rural people of this region requires training and exposure to induce local community to get direct benefit.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Anonymous, (2011).India Agricultural and Livestock census, 2011
Chapman, K.and Chomachalow, N. (2005).Production of medicinal plants inAsia.Acta
Literature cited 2: Chauhan, N.S. (1996).Business potential of medicinal and aromatic plants. Science, Technology and Entrepreneur, 2, 34-38.
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L.and Chopra, I.C. (1956).Glossary of Indian Medicinal plants. Publication and Information Directorate. CSIR, New Delhi.
ID: 61292
Title: Herbal Home Garden for Sustaining Traditional Knowledge and Biodiversity in Urban and Rural Environments.
Author: Nitu, R.B.Singh
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 349-369 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Herbal home garden (Kitchen garden), medicinal plants, herbal home remedy, common ailments
Abstract: Herbal home remedies have a long history and found in the form of oral tradition. Herbs and other locally available medicinal plants have been used for healing purposes and maintaining good health since time immemorial. These practices of healthy living and use of herbs for curing diseases enunciated in Ayurveda are in vogue in Indian households even today. The current status of home-made herbal formulations used by community and traditional healers has been studied in Haridwar (Uttarakhand) and North-West district of Delhi in the year 2008-2009.The total sample size of 75 households were taken from each district making a total of 150 households and for this, 3 villages were chosen from each district by random sampling method.20 Vaidyas (traditional healers) were selected from each district making a total of 40.For the collection of primary information, well-structured questionnaires were used during the field surveys. Focus group discussion and personal interviews were applied to document the uses of medicinal plants as health care measure. Besides the review of relevant literature, the research used a variety of qualitative techniques, such as semi-structured, in-depth interviews and participant observations. The present study facilitates a better understanding of the present status of indigenous knowledge system, local innovations and practice of herbal based home remedies among the people of two distinct geographical location. The traditional knowledge is diffused in the society, especially old aged females who possess knowledge about certain plant species for curing certain common ailments. The cultural set-up and old aged traditional knowledge system is a way of life in Indian households, kitchen and herbal home garden are small treatment place for common ailments like cough, cold, fever and headache. Irrespective of geographical localities viz. rural and urban settlements, the role of Herbal Home Garden (kitchen garden) is significant in providing accessible health facilities. Herbal Home Garden provides vitamins and minerals in the form of vegetables, fruits and spices. Many plant species are available in the surrounding and in the Herbal Home Garden. In the studied villages of Haridwar, 65 percent respondents have Herbal Home Garden (Kitchen garden) and are considered as source of good health. In the studied villages of North-West Delhi; the preference of Herbal Home Garden has sharply inclined as 68 per cent respondent reports acute shortage of space due to rapid urbanization.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Agelet, A., Bonet, M.A., and Valles, J. (2000) Homegardens and Their role as Main Source of Medicinal Plants in Mountain Regions of Catalonia (Iberian Peninsula).Economic Botany, 54 (3): 295-309
Dobriyal, R.M., Singh, G.S., Rao, K.S. and Saxena, K.G. (1997) Medicinal Plant Resources in.
Literature cited 2: Chhakinal Watershed in the North-western Himalaya. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants 5:15-27.
Harish, B. Kumar and Lenin, K Babu (2009) Traditional Knowledge System (Medicine): A Case Study of Arakalgud Taluk, Karnataka, India, Institute For Social and Economic Change, 2009, working paper 214.
ID: 61291
Title: Adaptive Management of Medicinal Plant Resources: Need for a Participatory Science.
Author: Giridhar Kinhal
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 336-345 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Sustainable harvesting, standard models, benefit sharing, equitable sharing, NTFPs.
Abstract: In medicinal plant sector the complex system of sustainable harvesting, processing and trade have always been hard to understand without standard models or methodologies, and has been a challenge in introducing transparent marketing, proper quality control and standardization. The benefit sharing from harvesters to higher-level traders of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) medicinal plants need to be regulated and an equitable sharing of benefits should be assured at all stages. Any conservation measure will remain elusive until knowledge concerning NTFPs with respect to ecology, economy, politics and cultural conditions is documented and their interrelationships incorporated into decision-making process. The issues related to uncertainty in developing sustainable harvest methodologies such as local knowledge, tenure rights, empowerment and autonomy to local institution, institutional capacity, political system affecting the equity and resource access, market policy, trade linkages etc.need to be taken care through a well developed and operationalised adaptive management strategy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 61290
Title: Gastrointestinal Helminth Infections and Herbal Cures in the Traditional Medicine of Tribal Communities in Northeast India.
Author: Veena Tandon, Arun Kumar Yadav, Bishnupada Roy
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 290-335 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Folk medicine; Tribal traditional medicine; Northeast India; Gastrointestinal helminthes.
Abstract: Herbal cures in the form of various products, like decoctions, infusions, extracts, essential oils, etc .have been used to cure intestinal work infections in many traditional societies of the world. This article provides an overview of some important putative medicinal plants that are used traditionally in the treatment of intestinal worm infections among the native tribal communities of northeast India. Information on scientific and local names of the plants, their distribution, plant part (s) used and their known traditional usesis provided herein; besides, chemical constituents/active principles of these plants, their putative anthelmintic efficacy and the possible mode of action are also discussed. In addition, a brief account is also provided of some of the unique features of the traditional medicine system that is practiced by these tribes. It is hoped that the information given about the various plant species and their potentialas curative of intestinal worm infections may be useful tobotanists, pharmacologists, chemists and other researchers who are interested in alternative system of herbal medicine.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Ashan, M., Zaman, T.A., Hasan, C.M., Ito, C.and and Aslam, S.K.N. (2000).Constituents and cytotoxicity of Zanthoxylum stem bark.Fitoterapia, 71:7970700.
Akerele, O. (1990).Medicinal plants in traditional medicine. In: Economic and Medicinal Plant Research.Vol.4.Plants and Traditional Medicine. (Eds.Farnsworth N.R.and Wagner H.).Academic Press Ltd., London.
Literature cited 2: Anonymous (2000).Report of the Task Force on conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants. Government of India, Planning Commission, New Delhi, 194 pp.
Atal, Ck. (1980).Chemistry and pharmacology of vasicinea new oxytocic and abortifacient.CSIR Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu Tawi, India, 58 pp.
ID: 61289
Title: Traditional Knowledge and Biocultural Healing Heritage of Gond Tribe in Basta Region of Chhattisgarh.
Author: R.N.Pati, Jason Dyck
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 253-289 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Industrial development, liberalization, Commodification, Globalisation, traditional knowledge, medicinal plants.
Abstract: The growing industrial development in Chhattisgarh, the premier herbal State of India, has displaced forest dwelling communities and plant life while threatening the foundation of biodiversity on various fronts. The severely marginalized traditional healing knowledge of the Gond and other tribal communities of Chhattisgarh face extinction. Therefore, documentation of such knowledge is essential and an urgent demand of the day. It is only essential to guard against the threat of the loss of such knowledge, but also to prevent the danger of its future exploitation. The rich healing heritage of the Gond is interwoven with their their vibrant ethnic profile and unique cultural heritage.
The proliferation of mining operations, the liberalizations of market forces, rapid urbanization and the impact of globalization have not only commodified the ceremony, rituals and healing practices of forest dwelling communities, but also commercialized the traditional knowledge of Gond healers and elders. Evidence of this is found with the commodification of ceremonies which have been manipulated by event management businesses with the patronage of political leaders. The commercialization of Gond folk dancing and that of other tribal communities in Chhattisgarh has been reflected in state and national level cultural programs organized for attracting guests and clients. Globalizations forces have opened a pathway for entry into a new era where what was once considered sacred traditions are commodified and commercialized .The marketing of medicinal plants and related traditional knowledge through biopiracy has posed a serious threat to the traditional healers and community elders of the Gond tribe. Similarly, the commodification of traditional knowledge, folk dance and ceremonies have opened up avenues for the disclosure of traditional medicine to the public domain. The increased attention from urban markets now being given to such traditional knowledge, sacred medicinal plants and healing traditions has added new threats and multiplied the exploitation of natural resources and biopiracy. These risks expose this indigenous healing heritage to a new set of challenges which needs to be addressed if such traditions are expected to endure.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alexiades MN, Sheldon JW: ?Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A field Manual.?Advances in Economic Botany, Vol.10.The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York; 1996.
Canales M, Hernandez T, Caballero J, Romo de Vivar A, Avila G, Duran A, Lira R:?Informat consensus factor and antibacterial activity of the medicinal plants used by the people of SanRafael Coxcatlan,?Puebla, Mexico. Journal of Ethno-pharmacology 2005, 97:429-439.
Literature cited 2: Heinrich M, Ankli A, Frei B, Weimann C, Sticher O: ?Medicinal plants in Mexico: Healers ' consensus and cultural importance.? Social Science and Medicine 1998, 47: 1859-1871.
La Plante Medicinale: de la Tradition a la Science, Paris: Jacques Grancher.
ID: 61288
Title: Agro-ecosystem Resource Utilization Pattern along Different Elevational Transects in Central Himalaya.
Author: A.K.Uniyal, S.Suyal
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 229-250 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Agro-ecosystem, micro-watershed, altitudinal zone, agroforestry models.
Abstract: Present investigation was carried out to analyze the agroecosystem functioning and resource utilization pattern of Chaundiyat micro-watershed in Garhwal region of Central Himalaya. Findings revealed that the highest (9.18 MJ kg x 105 MJ-1 Yr-1) and lowest values (5.55 MJ kg x 105 ha-1 Yr-1) of total energy input was recorded at high and lower altitudinal zones, however, total energy output was estimated maximum (5.55MJkg x 105 ha-1 Yr-1) at middle altitudinal zone in this agro-ecosystem. The overall output-input ratio was found highest (1.46) for middle and lowest (1.02) at high altitudinal zone. The crop wise output: input (O/I) ratio reveals that, fingermillet (17.17) and barnyard millet (10.49) were found highly profitable, whereas mustard was the least profitable (0.04) crop over all the elevational transects.
Annual fuel wood energy consumption per person was recorded maximum (16226 MJ kg/person-1/Yr-1) at higher and minimum (12151 MJ kg/ person-1/ Yr-1) at middle altitudinal villages and for each household, highest (76531 MJ kg/ household-1 /Yr-1) at lower and least (59394 MJ kg/household-1/Yr-1) at middle altitude villages. Average fodder extraction was maximum (46 and 122.65 kg) at high altitude villages being are in close vicinity of the forest thus collect more fodder as compared to lower altitude villages where forests are far away. Fodder/ fuel wood collection exercise takes about 4 hours per day for each household at lower and middle, whereas 3 hours at higher altitudinal zone. Fodder consumption w.r.t. stall feeding was found highest (66.86%) at middle, while the cattles are least (18.23%) dependent at higher elevational zones. In contrast, maximum grazing (81.77 %) was observed at higher, whereas the minimum (33.14%) at middle elevational zones. Average distance travelled by the cattles for grazing was noticed highest (3.7 km) at middle, whereas the least (3.0 km) at higher elevational villages. This investigation suggests that adoption of appropriate agroforestry models for fodder, fuel, food etc production as well as forest resource management could be the most viable option for socio-economic upliftment of local populace as well as biodiversity conservation of this area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Adhikari, B., Salvatore, D.F. and Lovett, J.C. (2004).Household characteristics and Forrest Dependency: evidence from common property forest management in Nepal. Ecological Economics, 48: 245-257.
Bhatt, B.P., Negi, A.K. and Todaria, N.P. (1994).Fuel wood consumption pattern at different altitude I n Garhwal Himalaya. Energy, 19 (4): 465-468 pp.
Literature cited 2: Gunasena, H.P.M. (1994).Agroforestry technology for sustainable production in Srilanka.In Singh, Panjab, Pathak, P.S.and Roy, M.M. (eds).Agroforestry system for sustainable land use, Oxford and IBH Publishing, New Delhi., pp.
Kandpal, K.D. and Negi, G.C.S. (2003).Studies on leaf litter decomposition rate for rainfed crop soil fertility management in the western Himalayas.Jounal of Hill Research, 16 (1): 35-38.
ID: 61287
Title: Indigenous Knowledge, Native Agriculture and Sacred Landscape: The Apatani of Eastern Himalaya.
Author: N.K.Das
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 202-228 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, spiritual, ancestral and cosmological symbiotic, biodiversity and sustainable use.
Abstract: Indigenous knowledge refers to the cumulative and complex bodies of knowledge, know-how, practices and representations that are maintained and developed by peoples with extended histories of interactions with the natural environment. These cognitive systems are part of a complex that also includes language, attachment to place, spiritually and worldview (UNESCO, 2003).Indigenous knowledge includes the sophisticated understandings, interpretations and meanings that are accumulated and developed by peoples having extended histories of interaction with the natural environment (UNESCO, 2003: 1).For the vast majority of rural and indigenous peoples these knowledge systems provide the basis for local-level management and encompass the wisdom, knowledge and teachings about day-to-day life (economic, social, cultural, and ecological).The narratives of local communities tend to emphasize the spiritual, ancestral, and cosmological symbiotic connections. India has rich folk tradition of the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources, to which its ' ecosystem people ' still adhere in varying degrees (gadgil and Vartak, 1976; Gadgil, 1991).Indian farmers developed non-chemical, eco-friendly pesticides and fertilizers that have modern applications. The protection of landscapes as sacred ponds and groves is a remarkable feature of the Indian subcontinent. It is mainly in the hilly and mountainous areas of India like the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and central India that indigenous practices survive, sometimes in their pristine form. The conservation of forest patches, groves and trees probably dates back to the pre-epic period in Indian history. Observers such as Karve (1974) and Gadgil and Guha (1992) state that the introduction of iron in India, about 1000 BC, was instrumental in the march of agriculture and pastoralism into the forest-clad Gangetic Valley. Sacred groves, however are disappearing and being replaced by housing sites, agriculture, secondary forests or even eucalyptus plantations. The community reserved forests and groves, once an integral part of the village landscape and ecosystem, are no more sacred (Chandran M.D.Subash and Madhav Gadgil 1998). This author has initiated a research programme to study the survival strategies of hill tribes in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, with focus on food procurement knowledge systems, conservation techniques, sacred landscape, folklore and customary laws. This paper briefly discusses the preliminary findings of the project.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Barik, S.K., Pandy H.N., Tiwari, B.K.and Singh, B.1999.Sacred forests of Meghalaya.Shillong: North Eastrern Hill University.
Bhagabati, A.C.1998.?Tribal transformation in Assam and North East India: An appraisal of emerging ideological dimensions.?Presidential address, Section of Anthropology and Archaeology, Seventy-fifth Indian Science Congress, Pune.
Literature cited 2: Blackburn, Stuart 2003 ' Colonial contact in the ' hidden land ' : Oral history among the Apatanis of Arunachal Pradesh ' . The Indian Economic and Social History Review, 40.3 (2003).
Chandran M.D.Subash and Madhav Gadgil 1998 Sacred Groves and Sacred Trees of Uttara Kannada In Lifestyle And Ecology Edited by Baidyanath Saraswati-New Delhi:IGNCA]
ID: 61286
Title: Agro Forestry-Need of the Hour
Author: P.R. Reddy
Editor: Dr.R.N.Pati, Dr. Shailesh Shukla, Dr. Lawrence Chanza
Year: 2014
Publisher: Sarup Book Publishers PVT.LTD.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity 179-201 (2014)
Subject: Traditional Environmental Knowledge and Biodiversity
Keywords: Forestry, Foot Hills, Depleted forest, agricultural land, farmers
Abstract: Sustaining agriculture and forestry can be achieved by introducing and systematically developing Agro forestry, adopting area-specific ecological components. Himalayan Foot Hills and adjoining plains, North eastern States, western and eastern Ghats and adjoining plains and many patches of depleted forest areas and adjoining agricultural lands can be selected for such a development, not only to achieve ecological balance but also foster better understanding between tribals and farmers from plains. ENVIS centres, as nodal agencies, can collect relevant data and train the tribals and farmers in co-ordination with state science councils, state forest and agriculture departments and agriculture universities. These centres have requisite expertise in taking up such a path breaking developmental program.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None