Enter records

ID: 62305
Title: Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk.and Curt) Donk from West Bengal, India on a new host
Author: Asit Baran De, Sayantan Jash
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 30-32 (2021)
Subject: Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk.and Curt) Donk from West Bengal, India on a new host
Keywords: Scytinostroma portentosum, Donk, West Bengal, India
Abstract: During a survey conducted during 2012-2019 to record naturally occurring host plants of different wood-rotting fungi, some basidiocarps of a species of Scytinostroma Donk were found to grow on a dead branch of a living plant of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (=artocarpus integrifolia L). belonging to family Moraceae causing white rot at Burdwan , West Bengal. India. These basidiocarps were studied both morphologically and anatomically for confirming the identification of this fungus. Each basidiocarp was collected separately in polythene bags. Thin sections of each basidiocarp were cut using sharp lades and put in 5 % KOH solution. Staining of the section was done with cotton blue and mounted in lactophenol.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Davidson, R.W., Campbell, W.A. and Blaisdell, D.J., J. gric. Res., 1938, 57, 683-695. Bujakiwwiz, A., Czech Mycol, 2002, 54 (1-2) , 101-104.
Literature cited 2: Gilbertson,R.L.,Martin, K.J. and Lindsey, J.P., Annotated Checklist and Host Index for Arizona Wood –rotting Fungi, Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tuckson, USA, 1974, pp.1-48. Zhisu, Bi, Guoyang, Zheng and Taihui, Li, The Macrofungus Flora of China’s Gunag Donkg Province, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993, pp.1-711.

ID: 62304
Title: Design and development of multifunctional agroforestry for family farming
Author: K.T.Parthiban, Deepak Srivastava, A.Keerthika
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 27-28 (2021)
Subject: Design and development of multifunctional agroforestry for family farming
Keywords: Design and Development, multifunctional agroforestry, family faming
Abstract: According to the Global Action Plan on the Untied Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028, we all are living in the decade of family farming. This Action Plan aims to shed new light on what it means to be a family farmer in a rapidly changing world and highlights more than ever before, the important role farmers play in eradicating hunger and shaping our future of food. In family farming, agroforestry is a sustainable option for achieving food security and to earn income. Since the inception of agroforestry, organized research has been based on improved systems. It is also noticed that, over the years, emphasis on the study of indigenous systems has been sidelined or ignored. Some agroforestry systems have been ‘forgotten’ or ‘down-trodden’. The agroforestry concept has bas been changing each and every decade since 1970s.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Food and agricultural Organization (FAO) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019-2018.Global action Plan, Rome ,Italy, 2019. Nair, P.K.R., Viswanath, S., and Lubina, P.A., Agrofor. Syst., 2016, 91, 901-917.
Literature cited 2: Abate, et al. Agriculture at Cross Roads: International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology For Development (IAASTD) .Executive Summary of the Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2009.

ID: 62303
Title: When flowering of a species threatens its survival
Author: P.Surath Kumar, Gopal Shukla, Vineeta, Pankaj Panwar,Sumit Chakravarty
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 9-10 (2021)
Subject: When flowering of a species threatens its survival
Keywords: Flowering, species threatens, survival
Abstract: Flowering occurs once in a life cycle of bamboo, the reason for which is still elusive. Bambusa nutans is one of the important bamboo species in West Bengal, India and locally known as ‘makhlabas’. It is a medium-sized species which is largely cultivated in and around home-steads or farmlands. It shows naturally in North East India, West Bengal and some parts of Bangladesh. The species is also commercially cultivated in Thaialand. Flowering in this species was reported during 1894-1996, 1979-1980, 1987-1988 and 2008 in India, but there were no reports from Best Bengal. In general, bamboo exhibits two types of flowering, sporadic and gregarious. Generally gregarious flowering has been observed by mortality of its clumps.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dhar, A., when flowering spells famine. The Hindu, 23 October 2003. Shukla G., Kumar, R. and Chakravarty, S., Curr.Sci. 2012, 102, 1502.
Literature cited 2: Chakrkaravarty, S. and Shukla, G., Indian For., 2012,138, 518-530. Kaushal, R., Banik, R. Lan Tewari, S., Indian For., 2015, 141, 585-586.

ID: 62302
Title: Setting Electricity generation targets: Some concerns
Author: R.B.Grover
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 9-9 (2021)
Subject: Setting Electricity gee ration targets: Some concerns
Keywords: Electricity generation targets
Abstract: Rethinaraj and Ahuja (hereinafter RA), have proposed ‘optimal targets’ for per capita electricity use. In 1985, Goldemberg et al.(hereinafter GJRW) proposed that a target of 1840 kWh per capita per annum for electricity use would be adequate to ensure basic human comfort in the developing counties. Quoting GJRW, RA opine that with current efficiency improvement s and appliance standards, 1840 kWh per capita per annum should provide more than what was envisaged by GJRW. The figure arrived at by the GJRW based on a thought experiment needs analysis and its extrapolation by RA is erroneous. GJRW list activities to be pursued by a person living in the developing world, and have come up with a figure of 1.049 kW (about 33 Gj per annum) per capita as the total final energy requirement.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: : Rethinaraj, T.S.G.and Ahuja, D.R., Curr.Sci. 2020, 119 (10), 1620-1626. Goldemberg, J., Johansson, T.B., Reddy, A.K.N. and Williams, R.H., Ambio, 1985, 14, 190-200.
Literature cited 2: IAEA, Energy, electricity and nuclear power estimates for the period up to 2050, IAEA Reference Data Series No.1, 2020 edn. Stern, D.I., Energy Policy, 2020, 147, 11, 870.

ID: 62301
Title: Ecologicall Sensitive Regions in the Kali River Basin, Karnataka: Delineation based on Ecolgical Principles and People ' s Livelihood.
Author: T V Ramachandra, Bharath Setturu, Subhash Chandran M D, Rao G R, Vishnu D Mukhri, Joshi N V.
Editor: Ramachandra T V
Year: 2017
Publisher: Energy and Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: ENVIS Technical Report 125, Sahyadri Conservation Series:68
Subject: Ecological Sensitive Regions in Kali river basin, Western Ghats
Keywords: ESR Kali river, Kali river basin, Ecologically Sensitive Regions, Western Ghats, Kali river peoples livelihood.
Abstract: Ecological senstive regions (ESRs) are the ecological units with exceptional biotic and abiotic elements. Identification of ESRs considering spatially both ecological and social dimensions of environmental variables, helps in ecological and conservation planning as per Biodiversity act 2002, Government of India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 62300
Title: Rejuvenation Blueprint for Lakes in Vrishabhavati Valley (V. Valley)
Author: T V Ramachandra, Vinay S, Asulabha K S, Sincy V, Sudarshan Bhat, Durga M Mahapatra, Bharath H Aithal.
Editor: Ramachandra T V.
Year: 2017
Publisher: Energy and Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: ENVIS Technical Report 122
Subject: Blueprint for rejuvenation of Lakes in Vrishabhavathi Valley
Keywords: Rejuvention blueprint, blueprint, Lake rejuvenation blueprint, lakes in vrishabhavathi valley, Vrishabhavathi Valley
Abstract: Lakes and water bodies also reffered as wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems contributing to ecological sustainability thereby providing necessary linkages between land and water resources. The quality and hydrologic regime of these lakes and wetlands is directly dependent on the integrity of its watershed. In last couple of decades, rapid urbanization coupled with the unplanned anthropogenic activities has altered the wetland ecosystem severely across globe.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 62299
Title: Frequent Floods in Bangalore: Causes and Remedial Measures.
Author: T V Ramachandra, Vinay S, Bharath H Aithal.
Editor: Ramachandra T V.
Year: 2017
Publisher: Energy and Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: ENVIS Technical Report 123
Subject: Frequent floods in Bangalore
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 62298
Title: Forest Trees of Central Western Ghats - Field Manual
Author: G R Rao, Vishnu D Mukri, Subhash Chandran M D, Ramachandra T V.
Editor: Subhash Chandran MD, Ramchandra T V.
Year: 2017
Publisher: Energy and Wetlands Research Group, CES, IISc.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: ENVIS Technical Report 121, Sahyadri Conservation Series: 67
Subject: Forest Trees of Central Western Ghats.
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 62297
Title: Fission-fusion species under restricted living conditions: a comparative study of dyadic interactions and physical proximity in captive bonobos and borneane orangutans.
Author: Dorothee Classen, Stefanie Kiessling, Madhur Mangalam, Werner Kaumanns and Mewa Singh
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 839-850 (2017)
Subject: Fission-fusion species under restricted living conditions
Keywords: Bonobo, orangutan, dyadic interactions, fission-fusion species, spatial proximity
Abstract: The present study investigates how the ' fission-fusion-adapted ' bonobos and Bornean orangutans manage social relationships when kept under permanent group-living conditions. Our results showed that the bonobos and orangutans did not differ in the overall frequency of dyadic interactions. The orangutans evidently realized a potential to interact with partners, which on a surface a potential to interact with partners, which on a surface did not differ from what was found in the bonobos. However, the bonobos spent more time on sociopositive interactions, especially on grooming and sit in contact, where as the orangutans agonistically interacted with each other more often. Though frequencies of approaching were similar between the two species, orangutans actively left the proximity to a partner more often than the bonobos, which in turn were more often in spatial proximity. The three groups of bonobos housed under different conditions differed from each other for sociopositive and agonistic interactions. The orangutans differed for agonistic but not for sociopositive interactions. As a striking difference between the species, it appeared that between subadult/adult orangutans, behaviours which required prolonged body contact occurred only rarely and briefly. Differences in bonding patterns have been discussed as possible explanatory factor. The ' short and distant nature ' of interactions between adult orangutans suggests the existence of social relationships, the management of which requires less ' servicing behaviours ' . Subadult/adult orangutans may be less attracted by each other than individuals in more gregarious species: that may have the cognitive skills to interact, but may not be motivated to stay together for long.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Kappeler, P.M., Convergence and divergence in primate social systems. In Primate Communities (eds Fleagle, J.G., Janson, C.H. and Reed, K.E.), Cambridge University Press, UK, 1999, pp.158-170. Vogel, C., Soziale Organisationsformen bei catarrhinen Primaten.In Hominisation und Verhalten (ed.Kurth, G.), Gustv-Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1975, pp.159-200.
Literature cited 2: Kummer, H., On the value of social relationships to non-human primates: a heuristic scheme.Biol.Soc.Life, 1978, 17, 687-705. Kummer, H., Primate Societies: Group Techniques of Ecological Adaptations, Aldine-Atherton Publishers, Chicago, USA, 1971.

ID: 62296
Title: Classification and domain analysis of protein kinases in hominids
Author: Saranya Jayapalan and Jeyakumar Natarajan
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 828-838 (2017)
Subject: Virological perspective and characterization of seasonal influenza B viruses in Mumbai.
Keywords: Classification and domains analysis, hominids, kinome, protein kinases.
Abstract: A comparative analysis of protein kinases encoded in the human genome and those of the closest evolutionary relatives such as chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan is made in the present study. Sequence comparisons of humans with their closest lineages are of considerable interest in order to understand the ambulatory mechanism behind the evolutionary relationship of apes. A total of 499, 478, 468 and 470 protein kinases from human, chimpanzee, gorilla and orangutan genomes respectively, which include both eukaryotic protein kinases and atypical protein kinases were analysed. Classification of their groups and families reveals the presence of three highly populated protein kinase families, namely STE20, CAMKL, CDK11A, C9orf96, PDK1, PDK2 and TAF1 in humans. Domain organization of each of the protein kinases in the four genomes show the presence of frequently occurring domains such as SH2 domain, immunoglobulin-I set domain, phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain), and SH3 domain in all four genomes, and unusual domain architectures for few human atypical protein kinases such as BCKDK, PDK1 and PDK2.This hominid-based comparative study will provide valuable insights into the similarities and differences between humans and three other non-human apes in kinome-level ranking and functional aspects and a base for experimental analysis on hominids in order to enhance our understanding on their specific biological roles.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Andrew, H. and Steven, W., Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 my and 4 my.Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. 2005, 31, 49-83. Ruvolo, M., Molecular phylogeny of the hominoids: inferences from multiple independent DNA sequence data sets.Mol.Biol.Evol., 1997, 14, 248-265.
Literature cited 2: King, M.C. and Wilson, A.C., Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees. Science, 1975, 188, 107-116. Ajit, V. and Tasha, K.A., Genetic comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: searching for needles in a haystack.Genome.Res. 2005, 15, 1746-1758.

ID: 62295
Title: Virological perspective and characterization of seasonal influenza B viruses in Mumbai.
Author: Devanshi Gohil, Sweta Kothari , Daphne Correa, Ranjana Deshmukh and Abhay Chowdhary.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 823-827 (2017)
Subject: Virological perspective and characterization of seasonal influenza B viruses in Mumbai.
Keywords: Acute respiratory infections, influenza virus, serotype, virological perspectives.
Abstract: Acute respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses are major life-threatening infections affecting the global population. Information on influenza viruses in Mumbai region in India is limited. With an estimated population above one crore, it becomes imperative to identify the predominant circulating strains, seasonal evolution, epidemiology and impact of influenza virus infection on the public health of Mumbai. The present study is aimed to isolate and identify The prevalent influenza B virus strains circulating in the Mumbai region. Virological analysis of 482 throat and nasal samples from patients presenting with suspected influenza-like illness was conducted from January to December 2012 at a research institute in Mumbai. Isolation of positive influenza B samples was performed on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. The isolates were further characterized by hemagglutination inhibition assay and one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Among all the specimens tested, 71 % were positive for influenza virus. The positivity for influenza B virus, influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 and seasonal influenza A virus was 38 %, 22 % and 11% respectively. Of the 80 influenza B specimens cultured on MDCK, virus was isolated from 38 (48%) samples. Influenza B/Wisconsin/1/2010-like serotype belonging to the B/Yamagata/18/88 lineage was the predominant serotype identified. Influenza was a significant public health concern in the Mumbai region during the study period. Young children were the most affected age group. The study data generated will help understand the epidemiology of the disease in the Mumbai region as well as generate information for global influenza surveillance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Zhang, N. et al., Applicability of a sensitive duplex real-time PCR assay for identifying B/Yamagata and B/Victoria lineages of influenza virus from clinical specimens. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2012, 3, 797-805. Prachayangprecha, S. et al., Epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Bangkok between 2009 and 2012.J.Infect.Dev.Ctries., 2013, 7, 734-740.
Literature cited 2: Ramamurty, N. et al., Influenza activity among the pediatric age group in Chennai. Indian. J. Med. Res., 2005, 121, 776-779. Yang, J.R. et al., Phylogenetic and evolutionary history of influenza B viruses, which caused a large epidemic in 2011-2012 Taiwan.PLoS ONE, 2012, 10, e47179.

ID: 62294
Title: Traffic data analysis using image processing technique on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway
Author: Nipjyoti Bhardwaj, Pallav Kumar, Sriniwas Arkatkar, Akhilesh Maurya and Gaurang Joshi.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 808-822 (2017)
Subject: Effective estimation of GAGAN signals with adaptive equalization
Keywords: Lateral placement, speed, TRAZER, video image processing system
Abstract: With the advancements in video image processing system (VIPS), detection mechanism has made a significant improvement over traditional methods for traffic data analysis. Traffic on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway is heterogeneous in nature with non-lane based behaviour. Moreover, automation and instrumentation are also not implemented. In view of this, TRafic AnalyZer an EnumeratoR (TRAZER), VIPS was used to process video-captured data on Delhi-Gurgaon expressway to check accuracy based on traffic count, speed and lateral placement. The motivation behind using TRAZER is to evaluate its efficiency and robustness for extracting micro and macro-level traffic parameters under heterogeneous traffic conditions. To achieve this, data were extracted manually on above parameters and compared with those obtained from TRAZER. The volume count data from TRAZER generated a lesser accuracy of 60 % detection under heavy traffic conditions, using default parameters. Thus, refinements were carried out in the software as part of calibration: (i) redefining maximum and minimum detection widths for each vehicle category, and (ii) selecting the optimum trap length for reducing the occlusion effect, which increased the detection percentage as well as reduced the error. After implementing these refinements, 80 % of the vehicles were detected. Further, relationships between vehicle speed and its lateral placement from median across road width, at a given point were also developed. The models were developed for both aggregate (considering all vehicles) and disaggregate (vehicle category-wise) levels. The polynomials relationship was found to be best fitted function to estimate vehicle speed based on its lateral placement.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Hashimoto, N., Development of an image processing traffic flow measurement measurement system. Sumitomo Electronic Technical Review, No.25, January 1986, pp.133-138. Lindley, S.T., Estimation of population growth and extinction parameters from noisy data.Ecol.Appl., 2003, 13, 806-813.
Literature cited 2: Dickinson, K.W., and Waterfall, R.C., Image processing applied to traffic: a general review.Traffic Eng.Contr., 1984, 1, 6-13. Fathy, M., and Siyal, M.Y., An image detection technique based on morphological edge detection and background differencing for real-time traffic analysis.Pattern Recogn.Lett., 1995, 16, 1321-1330.

ID: 62293
Title: Evaluation of the effect of size reduction and thermal treatment on metal extraction from PCBs of mother board and digital video drive of desktop PC.
Author: Sushant B. Wath, Mayuri N. Katariya, Amit K. Bansiwal, Vilas M. Shinde and Atul N. Vaidya.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 800-807 (2017)
Subject: Effective estimation of GAGAN signals with adaptive equalization
Keywords: Copper, environment, E-waste, recovery, leaching.
Abstract: The study aims at evaluating the effect of particle size and thermal treatment on printed circuit boards (PCBs) of Mother Board (MB) and DVD on metal extraction. Results show around 90-95 % (w/w) and 35-40 % (w/w) of total Al and Cu respectively, in CPU could be recovered by systematized disassembly. Remaining embedded Al and Cu require metallurgical or hydro-metallurgical processing. Cu extraction increases with size reduction. Thermal treatment of MB-PCB shows reduction in Cu extraction (23-38%) for all sizes in comparison without thermal treatment, while DVD-PCB showed surge in extraction after thermal treatment (41-141%) in comparison without thermal treatment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Wath, S.B., Dutt, P.S. and Chakrabarti, T., E-waste scenario in India, its management and implications. J. Environ. Monit. Assess, 2011, 172, 249-262. Toxics link, Fact Sheet Number 20, March 2004.enews.toxicslink.org/news-view.php?id=19.
Literature cited 2: Dwivedy, M. and Mittal, R.K., Estimation of future outflows of e-waste in India. J. waste Manage, 2010, 30, 483-491. Cui, J. and Forssberg, E., Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review. J. Hazard. Mater, 2003, 99, 243-263.

ID: 62292
Title: Effective estimation of GAGAN signals with adaptive equalization
Author: M.A.Khadar Baba and V.Malleswara Rao
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2016
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 110 (5) 792-799 (2017)
Subject: Effective estimation of GAGAN signals with adaptive equalization
Keywords: Adaptive equalization, GAGAN, LOS, GPS, LMS, RLS, EKF, BER
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to compensate channel distortions in GPS-Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) applications by means of adaptive equalization. Positional accuracy of GAGAN system is basically dependent on ranging errors and satellite constellation geometry. Further, this study focuses on enhancing the phenomena of instrumental biases and GAGAN augmentation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bancroft, S., An algebraic solution of the GPS equations. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., 1985, 21 (7), 56-59. Kaplan, E., Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Artech House, Boston, 1996.
Literature cited 2: Lejeune, R., Bakry El-Arini, M., Klobuchar, J.K., and Doherty, P.H., Adequacy of the SBAS ionospheric grid concept for precision approach in the equatorial region. In Proceedings of ION GPS 2002, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2002, p.1330. Sasibhushana Rao, G., Error analysis of satellite-based global navigation system over the low-latitude region.Curr.Sci. 2007, 93 (7), 927-931.

ID: 62291
Title: Assessment of Ecosystem Services of The Sacred Groves of Central Western Ghats inKarnataka
Author: T.V.Ramachandra, M.D.Subashchandran, N.V.Joshi
Editor: T.V.Ramachandra
Year: 2012-2017
Publisher: Energy&Wetlands Research Group (CES TE-15), Centre for Ecological Science
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Assessment of Ecosystem Services of The Sacred Groves of Central Western Ghats inKarnataka pgno.1-185 2012-2017
Subject: Assessment of Ecosystem Services of the Sacred Groves
Keywords: Assessment, Ecosystem services, Sacred Groves, Central Western Ghats, Karnataka
Abstract: Sacred Groves belong to a class of forests conserved from time immemorial by local communities in many parts of India.Apart from being places of worship, they served many functions in traditional land use system.The larger groves were important in livelihood security through provision of NTFP and water and many other ecosystem services.Due to communities losing control over SGs because of forest takeover the state,ongoing cultural changes, rising population etc.caused decline in the SG system unleashing adverse consequences inthe countryside, impoverishing ecology and rural livelihoods.Although SG studies gained prominence in recent decades, most focus is on inventorisation of numbers, locations, biodiversity and cultural aspects, altogether ignoring their ecosystem services.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: APHA, 1998.Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association,American Water Works Association,Water Environment Federation, Washington DC. Bennett,J.P.and Rathbun, R.E., 1972.Reaeration in open-channel flow, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, pp.27
Literature cited 2: Bharathi, H.R.,Manjappa, S., and Suresh,B., 2013, Physico chemical parameters of Anekere water body Hassan district (Karnataka).International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, 4 (12), pp.3200-3204. Chaurasia,S.and Karan,R., 2014,Assessment of water quality index and trophic state index of river Mandakini,India.International Journal of Plant,Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4 (1), pp.343-347.