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ID: 62710
Title: Causes and consequences of soil erosion in north-eastern Himalaya, India
Author: Burhan U.Choudhury, Grace Nengzouzam, Meraj A.Ansari and Adlul Islam
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (7) 772 -789 (2022)
Subject: Causes and consequences of soil erosion in north-eastern Himalaya, India
Keywords: Hilly terrain, land degradation, land-use practices, soil loss, water conservation
Abstract: The Northeastern Region of India, due to its geographical location in the eastern Himalaya, exhibits unique features of hilly terrain and abundant rainfall with wide spatial variability. Due to inappropriate and unsustainable land-use practices along the steep hill slopes, the region is prone to severe water erosion and soil loss. Only a few discrete, small-scale studies on measured soil loss in the region are available. Inadequate information at the regional level restricts devising site-specific soil and water conservation measures for the vulnerable areas of this region. To illustrate regional scenarios for future use, including projection studies, we have reviewed studies of soil loss in the region over the past three decades. The literature revealed significant variation in annual soil loss measured or estimated (range) across different land-use practices: traces to 229.5 t ha-1 in shifting cultivation (Jhum) and traces to 836.0 t ha-1 yr-1 in other non-jhum major land uses (agriculture, open forest and wasteland).The information generated will help prioritize research activities and in planning conservation measures for various stakeholders.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: CSWCRTI Vision 2030, Central Soil an Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, 2011, pp.1-46. Choudhary, B.U., Fiyaz, A.R., Mohapatra, K.P. and Ngachan, S. Impact of land uses, agro-physical variables and altitudinal gradient of soil organic carbon concentration of north-eastern Himalayan region of India. Land Degrad Dev., 2016, 27, 1163-1174.
Literature cited 2: Choudhary, B.U., Ansari, M.A., Chakraborty, M.and meetei, T.T., Effect of land-use change along altitudinal gradients on soil micronutrients in the mountain ecosystem of Indian (Eastern) Himalaya.Sci. Rep., 2021, 11, 14279; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93788-3. Seitinthang, Lh., Cropping pattern of northeast India an appraisal. Am. Res., Thoughts, 2014, 1(1), 488-498.

ID: 62709
Title: Dendroclimatic analysis of Western Himalayan tree growth in India
Author: Somaru Ram
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (7) 769 -771 (2022)
Subject: Dendroclimatic analysis of Western Himalayan tree growth in India
Keywords: Dendroclimatic analysis, Western Himalayan tree, India
Abstract: The various mountain ranges of the Western Himalaya have a high topography barrier on the surface of the earth, which plays an important role in limiting monsoon circulation in the Asian region. Particularly, in the Himalaya, tropical, subtropical temperate and Mediterranean influences interact with each other, causing vast differences in climate fluctuation within short distances. Precipitation shows high variability due to diverse mountainous regions. In contrast, temperature shows strong spatial coherence.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Yadav, R.R., Park, W., -K. and Bhattacharyya, A., Holocene, 1999, 9, 85-90. Ram, S., Quaternary Int., 2012, 154, 152-158.
Literature cited 2: Cook, E.R., Anchukaitis, K.J., Buckley, B.M., D’Arrigo, R.D., Jacoby, G.C., and Wright, W.E., Science, 2010, 32, 486-489. Yadav, R.R., Park, W.K., Singh, J., and Dubey, B., Geophys. Res. Lett., 2004, 31, L17201; doi: 10.1029/2004GL020201.

ID: 62708
Title: Export led growth for agriculture
Author: A.Amarender Reddy
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (7) 766 -767 (2022)
Subject: Export led growth for agriculture
Keywords: Export, growth, agriculture
Abstract: With mounting food supplies, India has long been a food surplus country and due to low pricing, farmers regularly discard tomatoes and other fruits. Despite having a food surplus economy, India has failed to export the surpluses and improve farmer incomes, resulting in farmer misery across the country. India must strive to capitalize on this squandered opportunity to not only boost export led-agricultural development but also double farmer incomes. In the medium term, India must aim to export at least 30 % of its agricultural output, which is now only 7.5%.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Reddy, A.A. and Mehjabeen, IIM Kozhikode Soc. Manage. Rev., 2019, 8 (2), 143-155.
Literature cited 2:

ID: 62707
Title: Camera traps reveal coat colour variation in an isolated population of golden jackals
Author: Thekke Thumbath Shameer, Puupet Madhavan Bhavana, Govindarajan Mohan, Pulikunnel Syed Easa and Raveendranathanpillai Sanil
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 738 -741 (2022)
Subject: Camera traps reveal coat colour variation in an isolated population of golden jackals
Keywords: Coat colour variation, golden jackal, hybridization, isolated populations.
Abstract: Long-term monitoring of glolden jackals along the coastline of the southern Western Ghats, India, Provided interesting results. We observed various coat colour patterns such as leucism, melanism, semi melanism and rusty coats among jackals resembling dogs. The melanistic variation and rust colour expression may be due to the acquired genetic properties during crossbreeding with the free-ranging dogs, as the associated mutations have been previously documented in dogs and not in jackals. Genetic studies can assist us in understanding the causes and consequences of coat colour variation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Charaspet, K., Khoewsree,N., Pla-ard,M.,Songsasen,N.and Simchareon,S., Movement, home range size and activity pattern of the golden jackal (Canis aureus,Linneaus, 1758) in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary,Thialand.Biodiversitas, 2019, 20, 3430-3438. Macdonald, D.W., The flexible social system of the golden jackal, Canis aureus.Behav.Ecol.Sociobiol. 1979, 17-38.
Literature cited 2: Luniak, M., Synurbization-adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development .In Proceedings of the Fourth International Urban Wildlife Symposium, University of Arizona,USA,2004. Stronen, A.V. et al., Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human-modified landscapes.Ecol.Evol. 2012, 2, 2128-2140.

ID: 62706
Title: Development of MAGIC population in Pigeon pea: a powerful genetic resource for mapping, genetic analysis and identification of potential breeding lines
Author: Rekha Joshi, Naleeni Ramawat, Akshay Talukdar, Aditi Kundu,.S.Raje, G.Rama Prasht and Kumar Durgesh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 735 -738 (2022)
Subject: Development of MAGIC population in Pigeon pea: a powerful genetic resource for mapping, genetic analysis and identification of potential breeding lines
Keywords: Breeding lines, genomic regions, mapping population, pigeon pea, quantitative trait loci.
Abstract: Multi-parent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population is a powerful resource for genetic studies, molecular mapping and development of high-yielding pigeon pea genotypes. In this study, eight diverse pigeon pea genotypes were used as founder patents and crossed in two, four-and eight-way approach to develop a MAGIC population, which could be useful for delineating the genomic regions/quantitative trait loci for various traits of interest. The population can also prove useful for selection of high-yielding pigeon pea breeding lines adapted to various agro-ecological regions of India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Collard, B.C.Y., Jahufer, M.Z.Z., Brouwer, J.B., and Pang, E.C.K.An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: the basic concepts.Euphytica, 2005, 142, 169-196. Rakshit,S., Rakshit,A. and Patil,J.V., Multiparent intercrosss populations in analysis of quantitative traits.J.Genet., 2012, 91, 111-117.
Literature cited 2: Flint-Garcia, S.A., Thornsberry, J.M., and Edward IV, S.B., Structure of linkage disequilibrium in plants.Annu.Rev.Plant Biol., 2003, 54, 357-374. Yu, J.,Holland,J.B., McMullen,M.D., and Buckler,E.S., Genetic design and statistical power of nested association mapping in maize. Genetics, 2008, 178 (1), 539-551.

ID: 62705
Title: Snow avalanche risk management in Shemshak region: a modelling, mapping and evaluation of factors affecting the occurrence of snow avalanches
Author: Ali Rajaee Baghsorkhi, Baharak Motamedvaziri, Aliakbar Nazari Samani, Hasan Ahmadi and Abolfazl Moeini
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 717 -734 (2022)
Subject: Snow avalanche risk management in Shemshak region: a modelling, mapping and evaluation of factors affecting the occurrence of snow avalanches
Keywords: Hazard and risk maps, mapping and modelling, risk management, snow avalanche
Abstract: In the last two decades, 40 persons have been killed by avalanches in the Shemshak region, Tehran, Iran. The area has also suffered a lot of damage. Here, we have studied 18 variables affecting the occurrence of avalanches in Shemshak region. They are related to the geomorphological, topographic, climatic and snow conditions as well as human activities. The modelling and mapping were performed using various environment al factors and statistics as well as data-driven methods (e.g hierarchical analysis method, maximum entropy) followed by field visits. Finally the conceptual model of avalanche risk assessment was prepared using spatial mapping and HEV approaches. The results showed that avalanche hazard maps are considered as the high-risk and most important areas in the avalanche hazard amps are considered as low-risk areas in the avalanche hazard maps are considered as low risk areas in the avalanche risk map. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that due to the complexity of the risk mapping process, it is difficult to use a worldwide benchmark and indicators system to assess hazards and prepare risk maps. Therefore, more research is needed to elucidate the applied risk maps for avalanche hazard management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Keylock, C., Snow avalanches. Prog. Phys. Geogr. Earth Environ., 1997, 21 (4), 481-500. Baggi, S., and Schweizer,J.,Characteristics of wet-snow avalanche activity: 20 years of observations from a high alpine valley (Dischma, Switzerland). Nat. Hazard., 2009, 50, 97-108.
Literature cited 2: Gusain, H.S.,Mishra,V., and Singh, D.K., Study of a snow avalanche accident along Chowkibal-Tangdhar road, Kupware district, Jammu and Kashmir, India.Curr.Sci., 2018, 115, 969-972. Ganju,A., Thakur,N.K., and Rana,V., Characteristics of avalanche accidents in western Himalayan region,India.In Proceedings of the International Snow Science Workshop,Penticton,B.C., Canada 29 September-4-October 2002, pp.200-207.

ID: 62704
Title: Influence of driver and vehicle attributes on operational characteristics of U-turning vehicles
Author: Tathagatha Khan and Smruti Sourava Mohapatra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 705 -716 (2022)
Subject: Influence of driver and vehicle attributes on operational characteristics of U-turning vehicles
Keywords: Approaching through traffic volume, driver behaviour, heterogeneous traffic, mid-block median opening, vehicle attributes
Abstract: Mid-block median openings (MBMOs) are provided to take a U-turn, which is a complex process. Tom takes this movement a vehicle has to stop at the MBMO to find a suitable gap in the approaching through traffic stream. Two parameters, namely, service delay9SD) and occupancy time (OT) are crucial operational characteristics of an MBMO, which significantly affect characteristics of an MBMO, which significantly affect traffic operation. The present study examines the influence of driver behaviour and vehicle attributes on SD and OT at six-lane and four-lane divided roads. From statistical analysis, SD was observed to be less at low approaching through traffic volume (ATTV) compared to high ATTV, where as OT was observed to be high at low ATTV, and it decreased with increase in ATTV. Male drivers showed aggressive drinking behaviour compared to female drivers, and the same was validated using a two-tailed t-test. Moreover, personal vehicles were found to behave defensively compared to commercial vehicles. Also, loaded vehicles were observed to turn the ring steering slowly being concerned about the safety of their passengers and goods compared to empty vehicles. The findings of this study will be beneficial in validating simulation results, defining level of service etc. for planners in regulating the traffic efficiently.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abdelwahab, H.T., Traffic micro-simulation model for design and operational analysis of barrier toll stations. in Shams Eng.J., 2017, 8 (4), 507-513. Mondal, S. and Gupta, A., Assessment of vehicles headway during queue dissipation at signal-controlled intersection under mixed traffic. Curr. Sci., 2019, 116(3), 437-444.
Literature cited 2: Aldian, A. and Taylor, M.A.P., Selecting priority junction traffic models to determine U-turn capacity at median opening. J. East. Asia Soc. Transp. Stud., 2001, 3 (2) , 101-113. Sil, G, Mohapatra, S.S. Dey, P.P. and Chandra, S., Service delay and merging time evaluation a median opening. European Transport, 2019, 71, 1-13.

ID: 62703
Title: Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L) based cropping systems for productivity and profitability in the vertisols of Telangana, India
Author: Firdoz Shahana, R.V.T.Balazzii Naaiik, B.Soundharya, D. Vijaya Lakshmi and M.Venkataiah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 699 -704 (2022)
Subject: Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L) based cropping systems for productivity and profitability in the vertisols of Telangana, India
Keywords: Cropping systems, energy input and output, productivity and profitability rice.
Abstract: Field experiment with different rice-based cropping systems, viz. Rice-rice, rice-mustard, rice-chickpea, rice-green gram, rice-sorghum, rice-maize, rice-black gram, rice cowpea (fodder), rice-sorghum (fodder) were evaluated with rice-rice at RS & RRS, Rudrur, Nizamabad, PJTSAU, Telangana. Green manure-rice-maize and green manure-rice fodder sorghum rice-maize and green manure-rice-fodder sorghum produced 15,848 kg REY/ha and 15,292 kg REY/ha respectively, which was significantly more (58.26 kg.ha/day) closely followed by green manure-rice-sorghum 54.32 kg.ha/day) and green manure-rice-black gram 54.04 kg.ha/day), while it was lower for green manure-rice fodder cowpea (39.16 kg/ha/day) and green manure-rice-fodder sorghum (42.09 kg/ha/day).Green manure-rice-fodder sorghum (42.09 kg.ha.day).Green manure-rice-fodder sorghum were at par with each other for system net returns with 202,341 Rs/ha, 199,916 Rs/ha, 189,623 Rs/ha respectively, and was least with green manure-rice-fodder cowpea (124,981 Rs/ha).Energy productivity was higher with green manure-rice-green gram (0.91 kg/Mj) cropping system. Green manure-rice-maize, green manure-rice-blackgram are most suitable cropping systems over existing green manure-rice-rice cropping system for vertisols of Telangana state.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mangal deep, Mahender Kumar, R.Saha, S.and Singh, A., Rice-based cropping systems for enhancing productivity of food grains in Indi: decadal experience of AICRP. Indian Farm., 2018, 68 (01), 27-30. Tuti, M. D. et al., Energy budgeting of colocasia-based cropping systems in the Indian sub-Himalayas. Energy, 2012, 45, 986-993.
Literature cited 2: Erdal, G., Esengun, K. and Guduz,O., Energy use and economic analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy, 2007, 32, 32-41. Yadav, J.S.P., Agricultural resource management in India: the challenges .J.Agric.Water Manage, 2002, 1(1), 61-69.

ID: 62702
Title: A methodology to correlate short-term regional climate action and long-term global temperature goals
Author: Tejal Kanitkar and Haritha Songola
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 689 -698 (2022)
Subject: A methodology to correlate short-term regional climate action and long-term global temperature goals
Keywords: Carbon budget, climate change, emissions trajectories, fair share, global temperature
Abstract: We provide a methodology for assessing short-term mitigation targets for a region against long-term global goals for addressing climate change. We first estimate the per capita fair share of the remaining carbon budget for India from 2018 onwards. Potential long-term emissions trajectories between 2018 and 2100 compatible with this fair share are then constructed. These budget-compatible trajectories are then compared to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) as well as results from five modelling studies for India. The methodology discussed here can be used to assess the adequacy of NDCs and also helps in rationalizing the process of target setting for climate action.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MoEFCC, India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, 2015. Olhoff, A. Christensen, J.M., Emissions Gap Report 2018.United Nations Environment Programme, 2018.
Literature cited 2: Mohan, A.and Wehnert, T., Is India pulling its weight? India’s nationally determined contribution and future energy plans in global climate policy. Climate Policy, 2019, 19 (3) 275-282. Carraro, C., A bottom-up, non-cooperative approach to climate change control: assess meant and comparison of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). J. Sustain. Dev., 2016, 9 (5); https://ssrn.com/abstract=3106831.

ID: 62701
Title: Alpha-Glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of Ensete superbum (Roxb) Cheesman seeds: GC-MS-based profiling of the active metabolites and molecular docking study
Author: Kirana P. Mugaranja and Ananda Kulal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 682 -688 (2022)
Subject: Alpha-Glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of Ensete superbum (Roxb) Cheesman seeds: GC-MS-based profiling of the active metabolites and molecular docking study
Keywords: Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidants, diabetes, Ensete superbum, toxicity evaluation
Abstract: The present study aims to uncover the alpha-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) and antioxidant activities of Ensete superbum seed extract. The AGI activity of crude extract (IC50 =0.17 µg/ml) and silica gel column purified fraction (ESSFR4; IC50 =0.17 µg/ml) was excellent when compared to acrbose (IC50 =1720 µg/ml). Also, the free radical scavenging ability of ESSFR4 was comparable to ascorbic acid. Among the five compounds identified from ESSFR4, pentasiloxane, dodecamethyl and 2, 4-hexadienedioc acid, bis (trimethylsilyl) ester, had the best binding affinities against human and yeast AG enzymes respectively. However, ADME/toxicity evaluation of these five compounds revealed that they would require further structural scrutiny and in vivo studies before recommending them as an alternative to the present AGIs to treat type-2 diabetes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Vasundharan, S.K., Raghunathan, J., Araunachalam, A.and Narayana, S.K.K., Investigation into the pharmacognostical and phyto-chemical features of seeds of Ensete superbum (Roxb) Cheesman: an unexplored medicinal plant of India.Phcog.J, 2013, 5, 163-169. Sethiya, N.K., Shekh, M.R., and Singh, P.K., Wild banana (Ensete superum (Roxb) Cheesman.]: ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological overview.J.Ethnopharmacol. 2019, 233, 218-233.
Literature cited 2: Tesfaye, A.and Girma, A., hytochemistry, pharmacology and nutracutical potential of enset (Ensete ventricosum).Afr.J.Basic Appl., Sci., 2017, 9, 112-117. Bhandary, M.J., and Chandrashekhar, K., Diversity and use of ethnomedicinal plants in coastal Karnataka, India.Biodiversitas, 2014, 15, 89-93.

ID: 62700
Title: Techno-economic analysis of irrigation systems for efficient water use in the backdrop of climate change
Author: Aditi Yadav, Nayan Sharma, Hitesh Upreti and Gopal Das Singhal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 664 -673 (2022)
Subject: Techno-economic analysis of irrigation systems for efficient water use in the backdrop of climate change
Keywords: Climate change, crop yield, irrigation systems, water saving, water-use efficiency
Abstract: In view of the growing water scarcity, particularly in the backdrop of climate change in the adoption of water-efficient irrigation systems is becoming indispensable. The study of efficient irrigation systems is lacking in the developing countries like India, which is in turn responsible for the low values of water-use efficiency in agriculture. Therefore, in this article, different irrigation systems studied for the developing countries, including the water-efficient and traditional ones, are reappraised. The irrigation systems are assessed on the basis of various factors such as economic parameters, water productivity, water saving and crop yield. Among water-efficient irrigation systems, drip irrigation system (DS) is considered to be the most successful method for water conservation and increased agricultural output.DS not only reduces the cost of supplied water, but also those incurred in the activities such as human labour and their cultivation costs.DS is found suitable for a variety of crops, including cereals, vegetables and cash crops in different regions of the world. Water saving and electricity saving is in the range 40-54% and 26-47% respectively, when DS is compared with the surface irrigation is found to be the most robust, profitable and cost-effective method of irrigation and could be a possible solution to the growing water shortage in the backdrop of climate change.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2019/12/09/solving-water management-crisis-India (accessed in August2021). Dhawan, B.D., Technological Change in Indian Irrigated Agriculture: A study of water saving Methods, 2002.
Literature cited 2: Begg, J.E., and Turner, N.C., Crop water deficits.Adv. Agron. 1976, 28, 161-217. Chauhan, R.P.S., Yadav, B.S. and Singh, R.B., Irrigation water and fertigation management in brinjal crop with drip irrigation.J.Rural Agric.Res., 2013, 13, 5-56.

ID: 62699
Title: Nutrient dynamics of cotton and red gram residue compost
Author: K.Aparna, K.Bhanu Rekha, K.P.Vani, T.Ram Prakash
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 657 -659 (2022)
Subject: Nutrient dynamics of cotton and red gram residue compost
Keywords: Nutrient dynamics, cotton and red gram
Abstract: Globally, sustainable management of agricultural waste is a great challenge, especially in developing nations like India with a burgeoning population, production rate and economic growth. India generates more than 500 million tons of crop residues annually. Residue burning is a major environmental concern contributing to global warming, health issues, loss of valuable nutrients and soil biota. Intensive cultivation with the use of high-analysis straight inorganics alone has resulted in imbalanced fertilization, multiple nutrient deficiencies and soil degradation. There is an ushering need for alternate sources of organic due to the shortage of good quality farmyard manure (FYM) owing to the decline in cattle population in rural areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pathak, H., Jain, N. and Bhatia, A., Crop Residues Management with conservation Agriculture: Potential Constrain and Policy Needs ,IARI, New Delhi, 2012. Uma Maheshwari, P., Saranya, M., Agnes K., Nirmala and Kanchana, M., Int.Res.J.Public Environ. Health, 2015, 2(2), 23-26.
Literature cited 2: Piper, C.S., Soil Plant Analysis, Hans Publishers, Bombay, 1966, pp.338-351. Jackson, M.L.., Soil Chemical Analysis, Advanced Course, Author’s Publication, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, 1979, 2n edn.

ID: 62698
Title: Mulberry (Morus Spp) cultivation to prevent and mitigate human-elephant conflict and ensure livelihood sustainability
Author: R. Ravi Kumara, N.D.Yogendra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (6) 650 -650 (2022)
Subject: Mulberry (Morus Spp) cultivation to prevent and mitigate human-elephant conflict and ensure livelihood sustainability
Keywords: Mulberry cultivation, human-elephant conflict, livelihood sustainability
Abstract: Human-elephant conflict is a major conservation issue in elephant-range nations. A number of management methods have been developed and are now in use to avoid and mitigate this conflict. Human-elephant conflict continues to be wide-spread as the bulk of the present preventive techniques is based on site-specific elements that only provide short-term solutions, whereas mitigation strategies typically shift conflict risk from one location to another. Conflicts are more common in or around conservation zones that are close to densely human-inhabited regions. Elephant populations are close to humans in villages on the edge of national parks, communities bordering forest reserves and settlements within the reserves, and so confrontation are serious. Conflicts are common when human infringe on animal habitats, such as farming in an elephant travel corridor, and when elephant food sources are depleted, forcing it to adapt to new condition.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Shaffer, L. Jen, Khadka Kapil, K.Jamon, V., D.H. and Naithani Kusum, J., Front, Ecol. Evol. 2019, 6, 1-12. Webber, C., Seeivathana, T., Maltby, M. and Lee, P., Oryx., 2011, 45 (2), 243-251.
Literature cited 2: Saddul, D., Jelan, Z.A., Liang, J.B., and Halim, M.R.A., J. Anim. Sci., 2004, 17 (12), 1657-1662.

ID: 62697
Title: Molecular phylogeny of the dung beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Author: G.Asha and Palatty Allesh Sinu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (5) 623-628 (2022)
Subject: Molecular phylogeny of the dung beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot
Keywords: Biodiversity hotspot, dung beetles, molecular phylogeny
Abstract: The tribal and generic-level phylogeny of Scarabnaeinae (Coleopera: Scarabaeidae) dung beetles have been often debated globally. However, fauna from India have not been a part of these analyses due to lack of data. We used partial sequences of 16 S mt DNA gen of dung beetles collected from different part of the Western Ghats, India, to examine (1) the tribal positions of Onthophagini, Onitini and Oniticellini, and (ii) the phylogenetic position of different genera of Onthophagini, suggesting the invalid position of Oniticellini.The non-Onthophagus genera of Onthophagini-Caccobius, Cleptocaccobius, Milichus-nested within Onthophagus, suggesting that these three genera might be invalid and could be subgenera of Onthophagus. Onitini formed a separate clade in the phylogenetic tree. The results suggest for tribal-level reclassification of dung beetles, as noted in previous studies. The present study may enrich the molecular data of the Indian dung beetles, which are currently lacking.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Schoolmeesters, P., World Scarabaeidae database. In Catalogue of Life Checklist (eds Bank), O. et al)., Version 2021-13-12, 2021; https://doi.org/10.48580/d4tm-38g. Carvalho, R.L., Anderson, A.N., Anjos, D.V., Pacheco, R., Chagas, L. and Vasconcelos, H.L., Understanding what bioindicators are actually indicating: Linking disturbance response to ecological traits of dung beetles and nats.Ecol.Indic. 2020, 108, 105764.
Literature cited 2: Monaghan, M.T., Inward, D.J., Hunt, T. and Vogler, A.P., A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Scarabaeinae dung beetles), Mol.Phylogenet.Evol. 2007, 45, 674-692. Asha, G., Manoj, K., Megha, P.P. and Sinu, P.A., Spatiotemporal effects on dung beetle activities in island forests-home garden matrix in a tropical village landscape.Sci.,Rep., 2021, 11, 17398.

ID: 62696
Title: Growth, biomass and carbon sequestration of fast-growing tree species under high-density plantation in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Author: Bijay Kumar Singh, Anita Tomar, Faraz Ahmad Khan and Kumari Beauty
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (5) 618-622 (2022)
Subject: Growth, biomass and carbon sequestration of fast-growing tree species under high-density plantation in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords: Biomass, carbon sequestration, fast-growing trees, high-density plantation
Abstract: We studied the growth performance of fast-growing trees, viz. Eucalyptus spp., Casuarina equisetifolia, Gmelina arborea and Melia dubia in high-density plantation in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India, with different spacings, viz.1x 1m, 1.2 x 1.2 m and 1.5 x 1.5 m. The experiment was established in July 2019 and data were recorded for the first and second year. In the second year maximum height increment was found in T1 (Eucalyptus 1x1m; 3.42 m) followed by T5 (Eucalyptus 1.2 x 1.2 m; 3.40 m) , where as maximum girth increment was found in T1 (Eucalyptus 1x 1 m; 12.43 cm) followed by T9 (Eucalyptus 1.5x1.5 m; 10.66 cm)and minimum in T6 (Casuarina 1.2 x 1.2 m; 6.46 cm) .Maximum biomass in the first year was found in T6 (Casuarina 1.2 x 1.2 m, 15.51 t ha-1) followed by T1 (Eucalyptus 1x1 m; 14.71 t ha-1) and minimum in T12 (Melia 1.5 x 1.5 m; 0.66 t ha-1), whereas in the second year maximum biomass was found in T1 (Eucalyptus 1x1 m; 202.72 t ha-1) followed by T5 (Eucalyptus 1.2 x 1.2 m; 98.81 t ha-1) and minimum in T12 (Melia 1.5 x 1.5 m ; 17.34 t ha-1).Carbon stock had carbon sequestration were maximum in the first year in T6 (Casuarina 1.2 x 1.2 m) followed by T1 (Eucalyptus 1x1 m) and minimum in Melia (1.5 x 1.5 m); with values of 7.75,7.35, 0.33 t ha-1, and 28.42, 26.96, 1.21 t ha-1 respectively. Whereas in the second year maximum was found in T (Eucalyptus 1x 1 m) followed by T5 (Eucalyptus 1.2 x 1.2m) and minimum in T12 (Melia 1.5 x 1.5 m), 181.12 and 31.78 t ha-1 respectively. Maximum productivity was found in T1 (Eucalyptus 1x 1m; 188.01 t ha-1) followed by T5 (Eucalyptus 1.2x 1.2 m; 89.88 t ha-1) and minimum in T12 (Melia 1.5 x 1.5 m; 16.68 t ha-1).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Palsaniya, D.R., Dhyani, S.K., Tewari, R.K., Singh, R. and Yadav, R.S., Marketing issues and constraints in agroforestry.In Agroforestry Natural Resources Sustainable, Livelihood and Climate Moderation (eds Chaturvedi, O.P. et al., Satish Series Serial Publication House, Delhi, 2009, pp.563-577. Hiloidhari, M., Medhi, H., Das, K., Thakur, S.I., and Baruah, C., D., Bioenergy and carbon sequestration potential from energy tree plantation in rural wasteland of North-Eastern India. JEES, 2016, 2, 13-18.
Literature cited 2: Kojima, M. et al., Effect of the lateral growth rate on wood properties in fast-growing hardwood species. J. Wood Sci., 2009, 55, 417-424. Bauhus, J., Van der Meer, P., Kanninen, M., Ecosystem goods and services from plantation forests. Earthscan, London, 2010.