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ID: 62740
Title: Productivity of heat (Tritcum aestivum L) and soil fertility with poplar (Populus deltoides) agroforestry system in the semi-arid ecosystem of Haryana, India
Author: Chhavi Sirohi, K.S., Bangarwa, R.S. Dhillon, S.B..Chavan and A.K.Handa
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1066 -1071 (2022)
Subject: Productivity of heat (Tritcum aestivum L) and soil fertility with poplar (Populus deltoides) agroforestry system in the semi-arid ecosystem of Haryana, India
Keywords: Agroforestry, crop growth and yield, Populus deltoides, tree-based intercropping, wheat
Abstract: The diverse and multi-component nature of traditional agroforestry systems 9AFS) provides them a unique edge over monoculture cropping, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems due to their role in providing several ecosystems services (ES) in addition to their prime role in agricultural production. Appropriate selection of components and their management practices results in reduced competition for resources among the components and maximum capitalization of the interactions. Poplar-based AFS adopted in a big way by farmers in the Indo-Gangetic region of India has improved their economic status due to its high industrial value. The present study discusses the effect Populus deltoids as windbreak on yield of wheat as intercrop and soil nutrient status. We considered winter wheat varieties (WH-1105, WH-542, HD-2967, HD-943 and DPW 621-50) during two consecutive years east-west and north-south directions. Whereas effect on crop produce were limited for all wheat varieties with increasing distance from the tree line, considerable yield reductions were found near the tree line (treatments T1 and T2) for all the wheat varieties. The heist available soil N (365.2 kg ha-1), P (19.7 kg ha-1) and K (357.3 kg ha-1) were recorded near the tree line at a distance of 2 m. To optimize the provisioning service of poplar windbreak AFS, the cultivation of highly shade-tolerant wheat variety HD-2967 may be advisable over other varieties towards the end of the rotation of mature poplar trees.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R. and Polasky, S., Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices .Nature, 2002, 418, 671-677. Ray, D.K., Ramnkutty, N., Mueller, N.D., West P., Jonathan, C., and Foley, A., Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation. Nature Commun., 2012, 3, 1293.
Literature cited 2: Aurbacher,J.Parker,P.S., Calberto Sanchez,G.A., Steinbach, J., Reinmuth,E., Ingwersen,J. and Dabbert,S., Influence of climate change on short term management of field crops-a modelling approach.Agric.Sys., 2013, 119, 44-57. Dinesh, D., Campbell, B., Bonilla-Findji, O. And Richards, M., 10 best innovations for adaptations in agriculture: a supplemnt to the UNFCCC NAP technical guidelines. CCAFS Working Paper N.215, CGIAR Research Programme on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Wageningen, The Netherland, 2017.

ID: 62739
Title: Experimental studies on thin-layer drying of mint leaves in a solar dryer and under open a sun
Author: Praveen T.Hunashikatti, Suresh Ramaswwamyreddy, Prerak M. Sethia, Shikhar Goyal, S.K. Rohan and Shravan Raj
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1066 -1071 (2022)
Subject: Experimental studies on thin-layer drying of mint leaves in a solar dryer and under open a sun
Keywords: Drying time, mint leaves, open sun drying, solar dryer, thin layer drying models
Abstract: Thin layer drying behaviour of mint leaves was experimentally studied using a domestic, direct-type, natural convection solar drying unit and compared with traditional open sun drying. The experiments were conducted in Bengaluru (12.96°N, 77.56°E), Karnataka, India and the effect of various parameters on drying was studied. Drying time using the solar drying unit was compared with traditional open sun-drying. Reduction in drying time was found using the solar drying unit compared to open sun drying. After 10 h, the moisture in the mint leaves was observed to reduce from 93% to 8.33 % in the solar drying unit and to 26.6% under open sun drying conditions. The drying data were analysed and curve fitting was done using five thin layer drying models. Among these models, logarithmic model for solar drying unit and the Henderson and Pabis model for open sun drying were found to satisfactorily describe the drying kinetics of mint leaves.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pacpinde, P., Sharma, P.K., and Mani, I., Hybrid solar dryer for drying of high-value flowers.Curr.Sci., 2019, 116(9), 1463-1466. Tiwari, S., Tiwari, G.N. and Al-Helal, I.M., Performance analysis of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) mixed mode greenhouse solar dryer.Sol.Energy, 2016, 133, 421-428.
Literature cited 2: Tiwari, S., Tiwari, G.N., and Al-Helal, I.M., Development and recent trends in greenhouse dryer: a review. Renew .Sustain. Energy Rev., 2016, 65, 1048-1064. Vijaya Venkata Raman, S., Iniyan, S and Goic, R., A review of solar drying technologies.Renew.Sustain.Energy Rev., 2016, 16, 2652-2670.

ID: 62738
Title: Experimental and numerical free vibration analysis of industry-driven woven fibre laminated glass/epoxy composite beams
Author: Priyadarshi Das and Shishir Kumar Sahu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1058 -1065 (2022)
Subject: Experimental and numerical free vibration analysis of industry-driven woven fibre laminated glass/epoxy composite beams
Keywords: Finite element analysis, free vibration, laminated composite beam, modal behaviour, natural frequency
Abstract: The present study involves frequency-driven exploration of bi-directional, industry-driven, laminated composite glass/epoxy beams by experimental and finite element analysis. The experimental vibration responses were ensured through a vibration first Fourier transform (FFT) analyzer. The finite element predictions were made using MATLAB platform by developing a programmable computer code accounting for shear deformation. The results conclude that the free-vibration finite element predictions for glass/epoxy beams are sensitive to effects of different boundary conditions and span-to-thickness ratios. The present study will assist in our understanding of modal behaviour towards design and service of laminated beams in the frequency domain and can serve as experimental benchmark results.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z., and Shariati, M, Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete beam-column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP).Int.J.Phys.Sci., 2011, 6 (28), 6572-6579. Shriati, M., Sulong, N.R., Shriati, A. and Khanouki, M.A., Behaviour of V-shaped angle shear connectors: experimental and parameteric study.Mater.Struct. 2016, 49(9), 3909-3926.
Literature cited 2: Xie,Q., Sinaei,H., Shariati,M., Khorami,M., Mohamad,E.T.and Bui,D.T., An experimental study on effect of CFRP on behaviour of reinforce concrete beam column connections. Steel Compos.Struct. 2019, 30 (5) , 433-441. Kapania, R.K., and Raciti, S., Recent advances in analysis of laminated beams and plates. Part II: vibrations and wave propagation.AIAA J., 1989, 27 (7), 935-946.

ID: 62737
Title: Identification of fresh groundwater areas in the Central Godavari Delta region, Andhra Pradesh, India-an integrated approach
Author: T.Rajababu, P.H.P.Reddy and Y.Srinivasa Rao
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1051 -1057 (2022)
Subject: Identification of fresh groundwater areas in the Central Godavari Delta region, Andhra Pradesh, India-an integrated approach
Keywords: Delta regions, electrical conductivity, fresh groundwater zones, geomorphology, vertical electrical sounding.
Abstract: Groundwater is vital and dependable source of water for drinking, agriculture and industries. The central Godavari Delta of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, is composed of alluvium wherein fresh and saline pockets exist together in close proximity. The present study is to identify freshwater pockets using geomorphological. land-use/land-cover, geophysical and geochemical analysis. Groundwater samples are analysed for electrical conductivity which revealed that about 35% of area i occupied by freshwater pockets in the northwestern and eastern parts. Vertical electrical sounding data inferred that resistivities less than 5 ohm-m is clay and 10-75 ohm-m corresponds to freshwater zone. Freshwater pockets at depths greater than 8 m observed in northern part and shallower depths in southern parts. This integrated study proved successful in identification of fresh groundwater pockets in the delta region.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Nageswara Rao, K., Evolution of landforms in the area between the Krishna and Godavari deltas. Indian Geogr.J. 1985, 60, 30-36. Todd, D.K., Saltwater intrusion and its control. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 1974, 66, 180-187.
Literature cited 2: Post, V.E.A., Fresh and saline groundwater interaction in coastal aquifers: is our technology ready for the problems ahead? Hydrogeol.J.2005, 13, 120-123. Sherif, M.M. and Singh, V.P., Effect of groundwater pumping on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers.J.Agric.Mar.Sci., 2002, 7(2), 61-67.

ID: 62736
Title: Gradual sustainability approach for urban transport through subtle measures
Author: Mukti Advani, Niraj Sharma, Madhu Errampalli, Yash Rane, Rajni Dhyani and P.V.Pradeep Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1036 -1043 (2022)
Subject: Gradual sustainability approach for urban transport through subtle measures
Keywords: Metro station, sustainability, traffic simulation, urban transport, vehicular emission
Abstract: Capacity enhancement and demand reduction are the two the most approaches considered to deal with increased congestion in urban areas. The first approach involves construction of various infrastructure for providing increased capacity for motorized vehicles, whereas the second approach includes restricting movement of road users from congested areas(s). Experiences from the across the world have demonstrated that both the approaches have failed to resolve the problem of congestion. The present study has been carried out to assess traffic characteristics around five metro (rail) station areas in New Delhi, India, to examine the effect of subtle changes towards improvement for all road users. The impact of alternate traffic circulation plans, based on various traffic management strategies around these metro stations, has been compared using microscopic traffic simulation. The study has clearly demonstrated that parking related policies (including segregated parking lanes for cycle rickshaws and electric rickshaws) can result in improvement in vehicular speed by 2 to 6 km/h in the influence of zone of the selected metro stations for all categories of motorized vehicles. This is expected to result in total daily savings of 593 litres of petrol, 103 litres diesel and 643 kg CNG, and total CO2e (equivalent) reduction of 3.5 tonne/day in all the five metro stations. IT is evident that the sustainable scenarios (viz.segregation/shifting of on-street parking, signal design, etc) or similar those that have been suggested, would result in significant reduction in fuel consumption and corresponding CO2e (equivalent) emissions. Implementing agencies can choose the scenario best suited to them, among the given options.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Carvero, R., Freeway deconstrictuon and urban regeneration in the United States. In Paper presented for the International Symposium on the First Anniversary of the Chenoggyecheon Restoration,Seoul,Korea,2007; https:scholarships.org/uc/item/5fd6n8hr Jingfei, Y., Wang, L. and Gong, X., Study on status evaluation of urban road intersections traffic congestion base on AHP-TOPSIS Modal. In 13th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals (CICTP 2013), China, 2013; https:trid.trb.org/view/1280432.
Literature cited 2: Demetsky, M.J., Medley, S.B.and Board, V.C.T., Development of congestion performance measure using ITS information (No.VTRC-03-R1).Virginia Transportation Research Council, USA, 2003. Brennan Jr.T.M., Remias, S.M, an Manili, L., Performance measures to characterize corridor travel time delay based on probe vehicle data. Transp.Res.Rec. 2015, 2526 (1), 39-50.

ID: 62735
Title: Effect of plastering and paints on radon exhalation rate and radon effective dose from fired bricks
Author: Roshan Lal Sharma,Ajay Kumar Mahur and S.Asad Ali
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1031 -1035 (2022)
Subject: Effect of plastering and paints on radon exhalation rate and radon effective dose from fired bricks
Keywords: Building materials, fired bricks, paints, radon, thoron
Abstract: In the present study, we estimate the effect of paints on the radon exhalation rate from building materials. For the experimental study some bricks were collected from the local market of Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh, India. They were coated with a soup of cement and sand, and then dried for at least 24h.After drying; the coasted bricks were plastered with whitewash and re-dried for a minimum of 2h. They were then ready to be painted with different colours of paints from different brands. Radon exhalation rate and effective dose were measured for the painted brick samples by adopting sealed can technique, which utilizes LR-115 type-II track detectors. The radon activity varied from 768.8 to 1529.8 Bq m-3 and exhalation rate varied from 460.1 to 915.6 mBqm-2h-1, whereas the dose equivalent for radon daughters varied from 54.2 to 107 µSv yr-1. Exhalation of radon in the case of Snowcem (limeproof yellow), Asian paints (peach organza) and Berger Paints (yellow breeze) was found to increase slightly, while it decreased for the other paint brands.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chandrahekara, M.S., Studies on radon exhalation rate from construction materials of Mandya District, Karnataka state, India.Int.J.Theor.Appl.Sci., 2018, 10, 9-14. Chauhan, R., Radon exhalation rates from stone and soil samples of Aravali hills in India.Iran.J.RAadiat.Res. 2011, 9 (1) 57-61.
Literature cited 2: Shashikumar,T., Ragini,N., Chandrashekara,M.and Paramesh,L., Studies on radon in soil, its concentration in the atmosphere and gamma exposure rate around Mysore city, India. Curr. Sci., 2008, 94(9), 1180-1185. Khan, A.J., Prasad, R. and Tyagi, R.K., Measurement of radon exhalation rate from some building materials. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1992, 20,609-610.

ID: 62734
Title: Artificial intelligence and machine learning in earth system sciences with special reference to climate science and meteorology in South Asia
Author: Manmeet Singh, Bipin Kumar, Rajib Chattopadhyay, K.Amarjyothi, Anup K.Sutar, Sukanta Roy, Suryachandra A.Rao and Ravi S.Nanjundiah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1019 -1030 (2022)
Subject: Artificial intelligence and machine learning in earth system sciences with special reference to climate science and meteorology in South Asia
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, climate science, earth sciences, machine learning, meteorology, mind map.
Abstract: This study focus on the current problems in earth system science (ESS), where machine learning (ML) algorithms can be applied. It provides an overview of previous studies, ongoing work at the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, and future applications of ML algorithms to some significant earth science problems. We compare previous studies, a mind map of multidimensional area related to ML and Gartner’s hype cycle for ML in ESS. We mainly focus on the critical components in earth sciences, including studies on the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, hydrogeology, human health and seismology. Various artificial intelligence9AI)/ML applications to problems in the core fields of earth sciences are discussed, in addition to gap areas and the potential for A1 techniques.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chantry, M., Christensen, H., Dueben, P. and Palmer, T., Opportunities and challenges for machine learning in weather and climate modelling: hard, medium and soft A.Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London, Ser. A, 2021, 379, 20200083. Rolnick, D. et al., Tackling climate change with machine learning.arXiv.org,2019; doi:https:arxiv.org/pdf/1906.05433.pdf.
Literature cited 2: Reichstein, M. et al., Deep learning and process understanding for data-driven earth system science. Nature, 2019, 566,195-204. Shen, C., A transdisciplinay review of deep learning research and its releavance for water resources scientists. Water Resour.Res.2018, 54, 8558-8593.

ID: 62733
Title: Corallimorph sea anemone infestation in the coral reefs of Lakshadweep archipelago, India
Author: S.Prakash, T.T.Ajith kumar, Kuldeep K.Lal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1009 -1010 (2022)
Subject: Corallimorph sea anemone infestation in the coral reefs of Lakshadweep archipelago, India
Keywords: Corallimorph sea anemone, infestation, coral reefs, Lakshadweep archipelago, India
Abstract: Coral reefs have undergone a phase shift in several instances due to the dominance of soft corals, sea anemones or sponges. Such phase shifts could be triggered either by natural calamities or due to the anthropogenic disturbances that resulted in the reduction in coral cover and coral health. One such instance has been documented recently (February 2021), during an intertidal survey along the reef edges (lagoon side) of agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The dead corals, shells of giant clams and some live corals were infested by corallimorph sea anemone. These are invasive and naturally thrive in man-made or environmentally disturbed coral reef habitats.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chadwick, N.E. and Morrow, K.M., Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem inTransition, Springer, Berlin, 2011, pp.347-371. Norstrom, A.V. et al., Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser, 2009, 376,295-306.
Literature cited 2: Dudgeon, S.R. et al., Mar. Ecol.Prog.er., 2010, 413, 201-216. Work, T.M., Aeby, G.S. and Maragos, J.E., PLoS ONE, 2008, 3(8), e2989.

ID: 62732
Title: Many facets of afforestation (tree planting) and climate change
Author: Sanjay Gubbi
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (9) 1007 -1008 (2022)
Subject: Many facets of afforestation (tree planting) and climate change
Keywords: afforestation, climate change
Abstract: Of all the environmental and biodiversity problems in recent times, climate change has caught the attention of people across the spectrum of society. Raising temperatures, irregular weather patterns, and natural disasters have all been obvious, tell-tale signs of climate change. From political leaders to bureaucrats, environmentalists to the media, scientists to citizens, all discuss this problem as it seems to be impacting everyone. There is even a growing interest in the consideration of religion in climate change research!
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 62731
Title: Leaf-based identification for trees of Sahyadri: 435 Species of Forest, Mangrove and Urban Tees of Northwestern Ghats of India.
Author: P.Venu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 986 -987 (2022)
Subject: Leaf-based identification for trees of Sahyadri: 435 Species of Forest, Mangrove and Urban Tees of Northwestern Ghats of India.
Keywords: Leaf-based identification, trees of Sahyadri, 435 Species of Forest, Mangrove, Urban Tees, Northwestern Ghats, India.
Abstract: Identifying floral elements and documenting their abundance/rarity, and distribution in the form of floras or field guides is a prerequisite for resource awareness and conservation. It is tough to identify and distinguish any live plant from others by its correct name based on a single organ. This happens when leaf morphology is chosen as the basis for identifying one tree species from others. The task would be more challenging if the same leaf features were applied to larger aggregations such as families or genera. As plant life fascinates one and all, amateurs often attempt such documentation with interest and commitment. The present attempt by Shrikant Ingalhalikar concerns tree recognition based on the application of leaf features and without the support of floral morphology.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 62730
Title: Screening alcohol-preserved samples for cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a recent invasive introduction to India
Author: J.Poorani, Sunil Joshi, R.Thanigairaj and J.Diraviam
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 981 -984 (2022)
Subject: Screening alcohol-preserved samples for cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a recent invasive introduction to India
Keywords: Alcohol-preserved samples, cassava mealy-bug, invasive pests, Sternorrhyncha
Abstract: Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), one of the most serious pests of cassava worldwide, was recently introduced to India. Surveillance, early detection and mapping of its distribution in cassava-growing areas are essential to prevent it from spreading further. Several species of mealybug are known to infest cassava in India; their authoritative identification normally requires preparation of slide mounts, which is highly skilled and time-consuming process. A simple method is described here for screening alcohol-preserved samples of mixed-species infestation for cassava mealybug.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Williams, D.J., Mealybugs of Southern Asia, The Natural History Museum,London,UK,2004. Joshi, S., Pai, S.G., Deepthy, K.B., Ballal, C.R. and Watson, G., The cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferreo (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pediococcidae) arrives in India. Zootaxa, 2020, 4772(1), 191-194.
Literature cited 2: Sampathkumar, M. et al., Occurrence of cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrere (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), a new invasive pest on cassava in India and prospects for its classical biological control. Curr. Sci., 2021, 120 (2), 432-435. Parsa, S., Kondo, T. and Winotai, A., The cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) in Asia: first records, potential distribution, and identification key.PLoSONE, 2012, 7(10), e47675.

ID: 62729
Title: On satellite geoidal mapping over the Elan Bank, Antarctica
Author: T.J.Majumdar and R.Bhattacharyya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 974 -978 (2022)
Subject: On satellite geoidal mapping over the Elan Bank, Antarctica
Keywords: Continental crust, geoidal mapping, lithospeheric plate, satellite data
Abstract: Satellite geoidal data over the Elan Bank region in Antarctica could be demarcated with the surroundings and confirmed as continental lithosphere. It has been observed that the satellite geoidal map can well demarcate the continental margin region near the Indian coastal region using high-resolution geoid/gravity data. This also helps determine the nature of the lithospheric plate over the Elan Bank. A large portion of land got detached from the Indian plate during the transition processes between the continental and oceanic crust that were originally created by rifting. Satellite geoidal mapping is a comparatively new technique for crust delineation, offshore exploration and tectonics related studies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Brennecke, J. and Lelgemann, D., The altimetric geoid in the North Sea. In Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing (ed.Allan, T.D), John Wiley, 1983, p.526. Haxby, F., Karner, G.D., La Brecque, J.L.and Weissel, J.K., Digital images of combined oceanic and continental data sets and their uses in tectonic studies.EOS Trans., Am, Geophys.Union,1983,64,995-1004.
Literature cited 2: Sandwell, D.T., and McAdoo, D.C., Marine gravity of southern Indian Ocean and Antarctic margins from Geosat.J.Geophys.Res.,1988,93,10389-10396. Rapp, R., The determination of geoid undulations and gravity anomalies from Seasat altimeter data.J.Geophys.Res, 1983, 88, 1552-1562.

ID: 62728
Title: Chemical composition of low Moor and Walker Company cannons in the Odisha State Maritime Museum, east coast of India
Author: Sila Tripati, Rudra Prasad Behera, N.G. Rudraswami and P.P.Deshpande
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 965 -973 (2022)
Subject: Chemical composition of low Moor and Walker Company cannons in the Odisha State Maritime Museum, east coast of India
Keywords: Cannons, chemical analysis, corrosion rate, decay, museums
Abstract: Cannons are military or civil or civil weapons supported on carriages or fixed mounts and used in warfare as well as against rebellions. Now, most of the cannons are exhibited in museums, forts, public and private buildings, an open place. Moreover, historical documents provide information on different types of forge-welded or cast cannons, which were manufactured both in India and abroad. Like in other museums, Six iron cannons are housed at the Odisha State Maritime Museum, Cuttack, Odisha, India. Among them, two Low Moor (LM) cannons are displayed at the museum’s main entrance, one LM and a Walker Company (WC) cannon are exhibited adjacent to the dockyard located in the museum, and two smaller cannons are displayed in the museum gallery. Similarly, two LM and two WC cannons are displayed at Residency, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Which were deployed during the First War of India’s independence in 1857.None of the LM and WC cannons has displayed a considerable degree of corrosion despite their exposure to the open environment for a long duration. Electron microscopy studies of the LM and WC cannons of the Odisha State Maritime Musem were carried out to ascertain corrosion and decay. This study deals with the results of chemical analysis of the LM and WC cannons, emphasizing the fact that the corrosion rate of these cannons is significantly less than other cannons of India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Partington, J.R., A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder, John Hopkins, Baltimore, USA, 1999. Dodsworth, C., Low Moor Ironworks, Bradford.Indus.Archaeol., 1971, 8, 122-164. Literature Cited 2: Day, L. and McNeil,I. (eds), Biogeographical Dictionary of the History of Technology, Routledge, London, UK, 2013.
Literature cited 2: Day, L. and McNeil,I. (eds),Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology, Routledge, London, UK, 2013. Literature Cited: Gray, E., Nineteenth-century torpedoes and their inventors. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, USA, 2004.

ID: 62727
Title: Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula
Author: G.Sivakumar, M.Mohan, K.Subaharan, T.Venkatesan, Sanjay Yelshetti, M.Kannan, R.Anandham, M.S.Yandigeri, Surabhi Kumari, K.Elango and P.Ram Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 958 -964 (2022)
Subject: Gut bacteria mediated insecticide resistance in cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula
Keywords: Cotton, detoxification, esterase activity, gutmicroflora, insecticide resistance, leafhopper
Abstract: Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera: Cladellidae) is a major sucking insect pest of cotton in India. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has led to the development of resistance to most of the recommended pesticide groups. Though here are multiple mechanisms and principles of insecticide resistance development in insects, the gut bacterial-mediated degradation of insecticides is relatively less explored. In the present study, the gut bacteria of field-collected, insecticide–resistant pollution of A.biguttula biguttula were compared with a laboratory-reared susceptible population. Among the five culturable gut bacteria from the imidacloprid-resistant population, only Enterococcus silesiacus CLHG1a exhibited growth in the agar medium amended with 50 and 100 ppm of imidacloprid. The imidacloprid degrading capacity of E.silesiacus CLHG1a was further confirmed by HPLC analysis. E.silesiacus and Bacillus amyloliquefacienns CLHG2 showed higher esterolytic activity (0348 and 0.309 µmoles/min/mg respectively). The esterase zymogram on native PAGE revealed a single major band. This study provides clear evidence that the bacterium E.silesiacus isolated from the gut of A.buguttula biguttula has the ability to degrade imidacloprid and may have played a role in the detoxification of pesticides.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anon, All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore, 2009, pp.9-15. Mohan, M. and Katiyar, K.N. Impact of different insecticides used for bollworm control on the population of Jasid and whitefly in cotton.Pestic.Res.J., 2000, 12, 99-102.
Literature cited 2: Kannan, M., Uthamasamy, S. and Mohan, S., Impact of insecticides on sucking pests and natural enemy complex of transgenic cotton. Curr. Sci., 2004, 86, 726-729. Jeya, P.S., and Regupathy, A., Generating base line data for insecticide resistance monitoring in cotton leafhopper, Amrasca devastans (Distant). Resist. Pest Manage. Newsl., 2002, 11, 4-5.

ID: 62726
Title: Experience window influences development and retention of memory to recognize predators in the larval skipper frogs
Author: Swapnil C.Supekar and nerahari P.Gramapurohit
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2022
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 122 (8) 951 -957 (2022)
Subject: Experience window influences development and retention of memory to recognize predators in the larval skipper frogs
Keywords: Associative learning, experience window, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, memory retention, predator and prey
Abstract: Learning and memory are critical for predator recognition as they allow prey species to develop and adaptive response to a novel situation, thus increasing their chances of survival. In prey species that lack innate predator recognition, alarm cues play a crucial role in learning y their association with novel predator odour. Perception of novel predator odours along with alarm cues allows the prey to learn to detect predatory occurs alone in their future encounters. A single event of exposure is considered to be sufficient for the prey to associate predatory cues with alarm cues. However, the minimum time required for learning and memorizing information about predator identity is unknown. Hence we used the tadpoles of Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis to determine the association between the experience window and memory development and its retention. We conditioned tadpoles with a mixture of dragonfly nymph odours and alarm cues for 1, 3,6,12 and 24 h, and subsequently assessed their antipredator response was proportional to the duration of conditioning. Moreover, retention of memory increased with an increase in the duration of conditioning. Hence, we show the significance of conditioning duration in learning. We also show an association between the duration of conditioning and retention of memory. In aquatic ecosystems, where the prey encounters a wide array of predatory cues, our findings open a new avenue for understanding the complexities associated with learning and the development of memory.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Krivan, V. and Sirot, E., Do short-term behavioural responses of consumers in tri-trophic food chains persist at the population time-scale? Evol. Ecol. Res., 2004, 6(7), 1063-1081. Ferrari, M.C., Wisenden, B.D., and Chivers, D.P, Chemical ecology of predator-prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems: a review and prospectus. Can. J. Zool., 2010, 88(7), 698-724.
Literature cited 2: Ferrari, M.C., Short-term environment al variation in predation risk leads to differential performance in predationrelated cognitive function.Ani,.Behav., 2014, 95, 9-14. Mogali, S., Shanbhag, B., Saidapur, S., Experience of predacious cues and accessibility to refuge minimize mortality of Hylarana temporalis tadpoles. Acta Herpetol., 201, 14 (1), 15-19.