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ID: 66199
Title: Uncovering the molten mantle of Mars
Author: Jennifer Sieben
Editor: Richard J.Fitzgerald
Year: 2024
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Physics Today Vol. 77 (1) 16-18, January (2024)
Subject: Uncovering the molten mantle of Mars
Keywords: None
Abstract: Mars is only the second celestial body, after the Moon, that humans have sent seismometers to. A desire to understand its interior, which holds clues to Mars’s origin and evolution, motivated NASA to develop InSight (Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport). Before that mission, astronomers’ knowledge of Mars’s interior came primarily from models of solar- system formation, Martian meteorites, and geophysical observations from satellites orbiting the planet. Those data provided only an incomplete glimpse of Mars’s interior. The seismometer on the InSight lander—known as SEIS, or the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure—collected data to marsquakes and other tremors caused by meteorites landing on Mars’s surface. (For more on InSight, see Physics Today, October 2021, page 17.) Because SEIS is the only seismometer on the planet, observations can’t be as precise as those from the network of seismometers on Earth, but one is better than none. Now scientists have direct data from Mars that challenge the previous two-layer (mantle and core) interior model.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: H. Samuel et al., Nature 622, 712 (2023). A. Khan et al., Nature 622, 718 (2023).
Literature cited 2: H. Samuel et al., JGR Planets 126, e2020JE006613 (2021). S. Stähler et al., Science 373, 443 (2021).

ID: 66198
Title: Frequency-dependent squeezing makes LIGO even more sensitive
Author: Johanna L. Miller
Editor: Richard J.Fitzgerald
Year: 2024
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Physics Today Vol. 77 (1) 13 -16, January (2024)
Subject: Frequency-dependent squeezing makes LIGO even more sensitive
Keywords: None
Abstract: It’s been called the world’s most precise machine, and it’s one of the most ambitious. From an audacious dream in the 1960s to the securement of funding in 1992 to the first direct detection of gravitational waves on 14 September 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is the product of decades of theoretical and experimental work, much of it carried out with no guarantee of any reward. But LIGO’s work is never done. After the 2015 upgrade to Advanced LIGO, the observatory could detect signals a fraction the size of a proton, but that was still only barely sensitive enough to observe gravitational waves from one of the most violent events in the universe—the merging of two black holes some 30 times the mass of the Sun. (See Physics Today, April 2016, page 14, and December 2017, page 16.) To fully realize the potential of gravitational-wave astronomy, LIGO researchers have been working tirelessly to reduce noise and boost the observatory’s sensitivity even more. They quickly ran up against the limits of quantum mechanics itself.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: D. Ganapathy et al., Phys. Rev. X 13, 041021 (2023). C. M. Caves, Phys. Rev. D 23, 1693 (1981).
Literature cited 2: M. Tse et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 231107 (2019). H. J. Kimble et al., Phys. Rev. D 65, 022002 (2001).

ID: 66197
Title: Valuation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Services, Karnataka State, India
Author: Ramachandra T.V., Bharath Setturu, Vinay S. and Bharath H Aithal
Editor: None
Year: 2022
Publisher: Karnatak Science and Technology Academy (KSTA) and Energy and Wetland Research Group (ces, IISc) and Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Valuation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Services, Karnataka State, India, Strategy Paper 2, Pg no 2-73
Subject: Valuation of Terrestrial Ecosystem Services, Karnataka State, India
Keywords: None
Abstract: Ecosystem services are the contributions of Ecosystems to the benefits that are used in economic and other human activities. Further, ecosystem services encompass all forms of interaction between ecosystem service is associated with an ecosystem structure or processes that reflect the biological, chemical and physical interactions among ecosystem components. Ecosystem services are broadly categorized as (i) provisioning services are those ecosystem services representing the contributions to benefits that are extracted or harvested from ecosystems, (ii) regulating and maintenance services are those ecosystem services resulting from the ability of ecosystems to regulate biological processes and to influence climate, hydrological and biochemical cycles, and there by maintain environmental conditions beneficial to individuals and society, (iii) cultural services are the experimental an intangible services related to the perceived or actual qualities of ecosystems whose existence and functioning contributes to a range of cultural benefits. There is a range of other benefits, for example, concerning relational and intrinsic values, that are not captured in the above categories.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: AGRICOOP (2020) Farmers Portal. In: Dep. Agric. Coop. Farmers Welf. Minist. Agric.farmers Welfare, Gov. India. AgMarknet (2020) Directorate of marketing & Inspection (DMI), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India. Available at: http://agmarket.gov.in/(Accessed:12 September 2020).
Literature cited 2: Amirnejad H., Khalilihan S, Assareh MH, Ahmadian M. (2006). Estimating the existence value of north forests of Iran by using a contingent valuation method.Ecol Econ 58:665-675. Badola R, Hussainn SA, Dobriyal P, et al (2017). Assessment of recreational services of natural landscapes in third world tropics using the travel cost method. Wilderness WildlTour 17.

ID: 66196
Title: Decentralized Energy potential of Bangalore Solid Waste
Author: Shwetmala, Chanakya H.N., Ramachandra T.V.
Editor: -(Proceedings of Technical Papers Compiled by Dr.H.K.Ramraju &Prof. Manjunatha L
Year: 2016
Publisher: SJB Institute of Technology
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: SJB Institute of Technology (National Seminar on Swatchh Bharath Drive for Solid waste Management) Page no. 99-105 ,23 September 2016
Subject: Decentralized Energy potential of Bangalore Solid Waste
Keywords: None
Abstract: With an estimated population of 7.8 million, Bangalore is among the five large cities of India. It covers an area of 800 km2 (BBMP,2010). The city's waste is characterized by a high content of fermentable components (72%) where domestic and eatery sectors contribute over 75% of total wastes (Chanakya and Sharatchandra, 2005).Presently, Bangalore employs a quasi-centralized collection system leading to landfilling of collected wastes. Various forms of informal waste recycling processes function in the cities of Karnataka and their value addition have been described earlier (Van Beukering, 1994).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bizukojc, E.L. and Ledakowicz, S. 2003.Stoichiometry of the aerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). Biodegradation 14, 51-56. BBMP, 2010.Integrated MSW Strategy for Bangalore City. Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike Report. Karnataka.
Literature cited 2: Chanakya, H.N., and Saratchandra, H.C., 2005.GHG footprint of a developing country city-Bangalore. ASTRA technical report, CST. Bangalore Chanakya, H.N., Ramachandra. an Shwetmala, 2009.Towards a sustainable waste management system for Bangalore.1st International Conference on Solid Wate Management and Exhibition on Municipal Services, Urban Development, Public Works, IconSWM.2009, Kolkata, India.

ID: 66195
Title: Integrated management of Municipal Solid Waste
Author: Dr.T.V.Ramachandra
Editor: -(Proceedings of Technical Papers Compiled by Dr.H.K.Ramraju &Prof. Manjunatha L
Year: 2016
Publisher: SJB Institute of Technology
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: SJB Institute of Technology (National Seminar on Swatchh Bharath Drive for Solid Waste Management) Pg No. 1-13 ,23 Sep 2016
Subject: Integrated management of Municipal Solid Waste
Keywords: None
Abstract: Solid waste management is associated with the control of waste generation, from its storage to disposal while satisfying the principles of public health and other environmental considerations. However, rapid population growth coupled with the increased rate of unplanned urbanization in Indian cities have led to the tremendous increase in the amounts of solid waste 9MSW).Mismanagement of solid waste leads to public health risks, adverse environmental impacts on other socio-economic problems. The problems derived from solid waste have a unique and complicated character; they are not only a potential source of pollution, but they can be used as a secondary source of raw materials. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is considered a serious environmental challenge confronting local authorities and several city administrators have realized that the way they manage their solid wastes do not satisfy the objectives of sustainable development. Therefore, there is a move to shift from traditional solid waste management (SWM) options to more integrated solid waste management approaches. The selection of priorities regarding the solid waste management has direct economic and environmental impacts. This procedure concerns not only the environmental policy but also technological, economic and purchasing policies. However, the lack of adequate resources to implement the necessary changes is posing a serious obstacle.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/Waste%20Managemnt %20Rules,%202016.pdf
Literature cited 2: Chanakya H.N., Ramachandra T.V. and VIjayachamundeeswari, 2007a.Resource recovery potential from secondary components of segregated municipal solid wastes,Int J.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, DOI 10.1007/s10661-007-9712-4, 135 (1-3), pp.119-127. Chanakya H N, Ramachandra T V, Guruprasad M and Vinutha Devi. 2007b.Micro-treatmnet options for components of organic fraction of MSW in residential areas.Int.J.Environemntal Monitoring and Assessment, 135(1-3): 129-139.

ID: 66194
Title: Solar Energy Utilization in Kargil and Ladakh (The twin Success stories in Jammu and Kashmir)
Author: - (RE Success story)
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 42-44, June (2016)
Subject: Solar Energy Utilization in Kargil and Ladakh (The twin Success stories in Jammu and Kashmir)
Keywords: None
Abstract: ETC-based solar water heating system has been found to be very useful in Kargil, especially in winter months when the temperature falls tremendously. Hot water is required for all domestic purposes, such as bathing, washing, cleaning and cooking, etc. ETC-based water heating systems installed in houses in Kargil using solar energy as fuel for heating water can save a significant amount of fuel apart from improving the quality of life of the beneficiary and reducing the environmental pollution. The demand for solar water heating (SWH) system is rising day by day.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66193
Title: Sustainable Rural Electrification (The fascinating stories of Dhenkanal district in Odisha and Kongwang village in Meghalaya
Author: - (RE Case study)
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 34-37, June (2016)
Subject: Sustainable Rural Electrification (The fascinating stories of Dhenkanal district in Odisha and Kongwang village in Meghalaya
Keywords: None
Abstract: In the process of finding solutions for sustainable rural electrification. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) along with a group of research partners, led by De Montfort University, the UK, implemented the Off-grid Access Systems for South Asia' (OASYS South Asia) project, where a systematic analysis was conducted to develop an off-grid delivery model framework and implement it through demonstration projects in un-electrified villages across different corners of India. These projects include mini-grids, microgrids, and picogrids, providing either AC or DC power to households and shops/micro-enterprises. One such project is discussed here; where it is employed in the five un-electrified villages lying within the Kandhara Reserve Forest of Dhenkanal district in Odisha, India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66192
Title: Generation of green energy from paddy straw
Author: Dr Yogender Singh Yadav
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 30-33, June (2016)
Subject: Generation of green energy from paddy straw
Keywords: None
Abstract: Energy is the basic requirement for all progress and uninterrupted supply of energy from clean sources is essential for sustainable development. Energy is the driving force of all economic, social, and environmental processes that strengthen the global sequences. Sustainable development is a challenging task considering the energy needs of any country. I t is an important component in the modern economy to be evolved and deployed in all aspects of the development process. Developing countries have additional considerations of energy quality for urban population, energy security for industries and agriculture, and energy availability for rural subsistence as well as development. The energy resources around the globe are dispensed unevenly and have a progressive deviation in most of the renewable sources.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66191
Title: Smart village nanogrid Energizing rural hinterland
Author: Dr Ashok Das
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 26-29, June (2016)
Subject: Smart village nanogrid Energizing rural hinterland
Keywords: None
Abstract: A comprehensive definition of an ideal village was proposed by Late Dr APJ Kalam as 'PURA' village for provisioning urban amenities for rural areas. A smart village builds around the vision of PURA. In our view, a smart village addresses the elements of PURA through both 'hard interventions, such as agricultural improvement, energy sufficiency, rural industry and locally relevant livelihood, water and waste management, and improved digital connectivity, as well as 'soft 'interventions, such a good governance, better public health services, sanitation, civic services, education and skill development, along with climate change adaptation. A smart village must also move the villagers up the value chain to improve socio-economic status of the citizens.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66190
Title: Power of Urine (Reimagining the future)
Author: Dr S S Verma
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 24-25, June (2016)
Subject: Power of Urine (Reimagining the future)
Keywords: None
Abstract: With around one-seventh of the population lacking access to basic electricity and dwindling of the global supply of oil and coal, scientists are eager to find solutions to power the world in more renewable and sustainable ways. A electric power has become the lieline in modern times, so has the quest of human beings to find out ways to generate clean power from cheap and environment-friendly resources. We are constantly presented with better ways of doing things, but rarely do we see quick implementation or production of these technologies. These methods use very little input, and in some cases, achieve infinite output. In this context, one resource that is always available-human urine-has recently attracted the attention of energy enthusiasts as a resource to generate energy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66189
Title: Enabling concentrated solar thermal systems in Desert Areas (The Challenges and innovations)
Author: Dr Laltu Chandra, Dr Ambesh Dixit and Dr V Narayanan
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 22-23, June (2016)
Subject: Enabling concentrated solar thermal systems in Desert Areas (The Challenges and innovations)
Keywords: None
Abstract: Desert areas, such as Rajasthan in India, receive reasonable direct normal irradiation (DNI) on account of being located at the equatorial belt. Concentrated solar thermal (CST) system, for example hellostat based, can be utilized for harnessing solar energy for applications, such as electricity, process heat and cooling. However, it must be emphasized that adaptation of such CST concepts to local conditions, such as the arid desert in Rajasthan, is necessary for long-term reliable operation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66188
Title: Energy access through off-grid micro hydro projects
Author: Onkar Nath
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 18-21, June (2016)
Subject: Energy access through off-grid micro hydro projects
Keywords: None
Abstract: There are different elements that constitute infrastructure, such as road, water, sanitation, electricity, health, telecommunication, etc. Each one contributes and complements other elements in achieving overall development of a region or a Country. Access to electricity is perceived to be a key requirement for poverty reduction by enabling the creation and improvement of income-generating activities.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66187
Title: The National Solar Mission (India Marching ahead in Solar Energy)
Author: Shri Dilip Nigam
Editor: Dr. Arun K.Tripathi
Year: 2016
Publisher: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Akshay Urja Vol. 9 (6) 11-15, June (2016)
Subject: The National Solar Mission (India Marching ahead in Solar Energy
Keywords: None
Abstract: The National Solar Mission (NSM) launched in January 2010, is a major initiative of the Government of India involving States, R&D institutions, and industries to promote solar energy while addressing security and climate change challenges of the Country. Thus, it will constitute a major contribution by India to the global effort to meet the challenges of climate change. The Mission is one of the several initiatives that are part of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 66186
Title: Upgradation of the sperm vertical velocity analyzer and uncovering the correlation between vertical velocity and fertility potential
Author: Arpita Bhoumik, Sudipta Saha, Sandhya Rekha Dungdung, Debashis Paul and Gopal Chandra Majumder
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (5) 505-511 10 March. (2025)
Subject: Upgradation of the sperm vertical velocity analyzer and uncovering the correlation between vertical velocity and fertility potential
Keywords: Fertility, instrument, motility, sperm, velocity, vertical
Abstract: The present study enhances the sperm motility analyzer (SPERMA) computer-based instrumental system, correlating sperm ‘vertical velocity’ with fertility potential. The upgraded SPERMA allows simultaneous analysis of four samples at different heights, a substantial improvement over the previous designs. Two prototypes with diverse actuators, lead screws and gears were developed. Vertical velocity data, using goat sperm model, showed a direct correlation with fertilization parameters. The upgraded SPERMA proves valuable in assessing human and mammalian fertility, applicable in infertility clinics, animal breeding and species conservation. Its versatility enables enhanced fertility evaluation and reproductive research and may extend to other basic sciences.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hamadaa, A., Estevesb, S. C. and Agarwala, A., Unexplained male infertility: potential causes and management. Hum. Androl., 2011, 1, 2–16. Sullivan, R., Male fertility markers, myth or reality. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 2004, 82–83, 341–347.
Literature cited 2: Mandal, M., Saha, S., Ghosh, A. K. and Majumder, G. C., Identification and characterization of a sperm motility promoting glycoprotein from buffalo blood serum. J. Cel. Physiol., 2006, 209, 353–362. Kamidono, S., Hazama, M., Matsumoto, O., Takada, K., Tomioka, O. and Ishigami, J., Study on human spermatozoal motility: preliminary report on newly developed multiple exposure photography method. Andrologia, 1983, 15(2), 111–119

ID: 66185
Title: Foam index as a surrogate measure of protein content: an exploratory and inexpensive laboratory-free tool for students
Author: Rakshitha Madamakki and Subhojit Sen
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (5) 495-504 10 March. (2025)
Subject: Foam index as a surrogate measure of protein content: an exploratory and inexpensive laboratory-free tool for students
Keywords: Froth, grains, home lab, nutrition, protein estimation
Abstract: An easily executable method to track nutritive potential of raw food grains at home is described here. Blanching the soaked grains with the boiled supernatant aided the release of protein into the supernatant which in-turn correlated with the protein content of the grains analysed in this study. When agitated, the supernatant generated stable froth, measured as foam index (FI). When compared with standard protein estimation methodologies (ultra-violet absorption and Folin–Lowry), both the percentage volume of the water absorbed (VA) and FI emerged as potential quantitative parameters. Correlation analyses using multiple grains of varying protein content indicated that VA and FI could serve as laboratory-free surrogate measures of protein content, and therefore a reflection of their nutritional value. To eliminate the possibility of surfactant-mediated foam, an ink-based ‘dye diffusion test’ was developed, wherein the dye was significantly retarded by protein foam. The simplicity of these assays were tested as a part of learning modules, successfully executed even by school students (12–15 years old). Qualitatively, it engaged them in more authentic scientific inquiry in a way that was meaningfully associated with their daily lives. We propose that this technique creates opportunities for participation in citizen science, and can help address questions about cultivar growth in different climatic conditions when analysed temporally in a large networked format.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Eliazer Nelson, A. R. L., Ravichandran, K. and Antony, U., The impact of the green revolution on indigenous crops of India. J. Ethn. Foods, 2019, 6(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s42779-019- 0011-9. Council, N. R., Lost Crops of Africa: Volume I: Grains, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1996; https://doi.org/ 10.17226/2305.
Literature cited 2: Wolfe, R. R., Baum, J. I., Starck, C. and Moughan, P. J., Factors contributing to the selection of dietary protein food sources. Clin. Nutr., 2018, 37(1), 130–138; https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.clnu.2017.11.017. Dwivedi, S., Sahrawat, K., Upadhyaya, H. and Ortiz, R., Food, Nutrition and Agrobiodiversity under Global Climate Change. In Advances in Agronomy (ed. Sparks, D. L.), Academic Press, USA, 2013, vol. 120, chap. 1, pp. 1–128; https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0- 12-407686-0.00001-4.