ID: 65495
Title: Erosion Studies On Biochar Derived From Cashew Nut Waste Reinforced Polyester Composites For Environmental Protection
Author: V. Arumugaprabu, R. Sundarakannan, P. Venkatesh, G.S. Yogesh Kumar and V. Sakthivel
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1441-1444 2021.
Subject: Erosion Studies On Biochar Derived From Cashew Nut Waste Reinforced Polyester Composites For Environmental Protection
Keywords: Polymer composites, Biochar, Pyrolysis process, Erosion rate
Abstract: This research focuses on the preparation of biochar and its usage as a novel filler and reinforcement against polyester composite manufacturing. Biochar was extracted from the cashew nut waste by undergoing pyrolysis process. Among the various polymer family available, unsaturated polyester resin was used as a matrix material whereas novel biochar filler was used as reinforcement. The composites were fabricated using solution dispersion method. Biochar of varying weights (5%, 10% and 15%) were taken for this study. The prepared specimens were subjected to erosion study using an air jet erosion test rig. Erosion studies have been performed for a fixed time of 4 min and fixed erodent discharge rate of 3 g/min with varying parameters, such as impact angle of 300, 600 and 900; velocity of 72, 100 and 129 m/s. The erosion failure mechanism of the prepared composite was also discussed for the above-selected parameter briefly. The reuse of cashew nut waste drastically reduces the environmental pollution caused due to its disposal.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kalia, S., B. S. Kaith and I. Kaur. 2009. Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites- a review, Polymer Eng. Sci., 49(7):1253-1272.
Sundarakannan, R., et al. 2020. Mechanical property analysis of biochar derived from cashew nut shell waste reinforced polymer matrix. Mater. Res. Express. 6(12):125349.
Literature cited 2: Richard, S., J. S. Rajadurai and V. Manikandan. 2016. Influence of particle size and particle loading on mechanical and dielectric properties of biochar particulate-reinforced polymer nanocom-posites. Int. J. Polymer Anal.
Characterization. 21(6): 462-477.
Oladele, I. O., et al. 2019. Influence of biodegradation on the tensile and wear resistance properties of bio-derived CaCO3/epoxy composites. J. Polymer Res., 26(1): 16.
ID: 65494
Title: Comparative Study of Activated Sludge Process Enhanced Pyrethrin and Permethrin Biodegradation
Author: G.N. Nirmala and Sandra Jose
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1435-1440 2021.
Subject: Comparative Study of Activated Sludge Process Enhanced Pyrethrin and Permethrin Biodegradation
Keywords: Bioremediation, Permethrin, Pyrethrin, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Bacterial concentration, Synthetic effluent, bacterial concentration, toxicity
Abstract: Bioremediation using activated sludge have been conducted to estimate the degradability of insecticidal compounds, like permethrin and pyrethrin. In this study, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined to correlate the biodegradable nature of the compounds. The sludge and synthetic effluent collected was analysed for the biochemical characteristics. The average COD and biodegradability index (BI) of the investigated pyrethrin sample indicated that the compound was fairly biodegradable while permethrin was relatively non-biodegradable. On reaching a bacterial concentration of 5500 µg/mL, 86% and 98% of BOD and COD reduction was achieved for pyrethrin but less than 2% of BOD reduction was observed for permethrin. Assessment of BI value periodically and comparing it to the average value for a compound can aid in monitoring the presence of toxic and non-biodegradable substance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sanchez-Bayo, F., K. Goka and D. Hayasaka. 2016. Contamination of the aquatic environment with neonicotinoids and its implication for ecosystems. Frontiers Env. Sci., 4:71.
Hidaka, H., et al. 1992. Photocatalytic degradation of the hydrophobic pesticide permethrin in fluoro surfactant/TiO2aqueous dispersions. Chemosphere. 25(11):1589-1597.
Literature cited 2: Ojiako, F.O., et al. 2015. Comparative performance of pyrethrum [Chysanthemum cinerariifolium. Treviranus (Vis.)] extract and cypermethrin on some field insect pests of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in south-eastern Nigeria. J. Exp. Agric. Int., 96-106.
Jin, Y., et al. 2008. Induction of hepatic estrogen-responsive gene transcription by permethrin enantiomers in mala adult zebrafish. Aquatic Toxicol., 88(2):146-152.
ID: 65493
Title: Forecasting Of Consumption Of Fertilizers In India: An Alarming Condition
Author: Shiv Kumar Singh Pundhir, Sandeep Kumar and Anand Kumar Gupta
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1428-1434 2021.
Subject: Forecasting Of Consumption Of Fertilizers In India: An Alarming Condition
Keywords: Fertilizers, Forecasting, Least square method, Trend equation
Abstract: From ancient times, human’s basic needs were food and shelter. The development of various civilizations shows that humans were developing for food from hunting animals to farming crops. So many wars were fought to get food security. Even in developed civilizations, humans started to work hard to get sufficient food. Worldwide different types of crops were produced to feed humans. In India, the majority of the population is dependent on farming. Initially, Indian farmers produced crops with the help of natural fertilizers, which were homemade and eco-friendly. These fertilizers did not have any side effects on soil and human health. When the population started increasing rapidly and agricultural land was decreasing due to industrialization, farmers started to use industry-manufactured fertilizers. With the help of these fertilizers, farmers can increase crop yield. But we cannot neglect the side effects of these fertilizers on the environment and human health. These fertilizers damage soil quality and cause water and air pollution. In-country, like India, where a mass population is dependent on agriculture, the long-term use of these fertilizers will damage environmental balance and will be harmful to human health. In this work in place of biological analysis of fertilizers, a mathematical model is developed to forecast the use of fertilizers so that we can be aware of how fertilizer consumption is increasing in India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Stamati, P.N., et al. 2016. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Front. Public Health. 4:148.
Kulkarni, S. and A. Goswami. 2019. Effect of excess fertilizers and nutrients: A review on impact on plants and human population. Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable computing in science, technology and management (SUSCOM), Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Literature cited 2: Patra, S., et al. 2016. Modeling impacts of chemical fertilizer on agricultural production: A case study on Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. Modeling Earth Systems Env., 2:1-11.
Kumari, K.A., N. Kumar and N. Rao. 2014. Adverse effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health and environment. National Seminar on Impact of toxic metals, minerals and solvents leading to environmental pollution. J. Chem. Pharma. Sci., 3: 150-153.
ID: 65492
Title: Phosphorus Adsorption Using Kinetic Models Of Some Soils Of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Author: Mesfin Kassa and M. Senapathy
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1418-1427 2021.
Subject: Phosphorus Adsorption Using Kinetic Models Of Some Soils Of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Keywords: Acidic soil, adsorption isotherm models, Soil properties, Standard phosphorous requirement
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) adsorption, in soils is a key cycle overseeing its accessibility for crops, characteristics were determined in four soils in Wolaita of Southern Ethiopia. 3 g of soil was equilibrated in 30 mL of 0.01 M CaCl2 containing KH2PO4 in 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg P/L. Kinetic models, like Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Van Hauy were applied on four soils; kinetic parameters (b, Kf, a and m) showed values 0.36-1.53, 147.91- 851.13, 2.29-3.48, 0.11-0.16 mg/kg for selected soils. In soils 1, 3 and 4 Van Hauy model demonstrated predominance over different models, while in soils 2 and 3 Freundlich model demonstrated better results. Notwithstanding, in soil 2 both Freundlich and Temkin models showed results within standard. Langmuir models was found better in soil 4 (r2=0.92) followed by soil 2 (r2=0.88) aside from b and EPRF (r2=1.000** and 0.96**). The EPR (0.2 mg/L) was altogether related to kinetic model (r2=1.00***) that supports the way energy coefficient of soil is a significant file for arranging phosphorous the board techniques. Among the four soils, to keep up ideal phosphorous fixation in soil for crop development, Wolaita soil need more phosphorous manure.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Morris, M., et al. 2000. Transfer of phosphate ions between soil and solution: Perspectives in soil testing. J. Env. Qual., 29:50-59.
Elser, J.J., et al. 2014. Regime shift in fertilizer commodities indicates more turbulance ahead for food security. Plos One. 9(6):93998.
Literature cited 2: Asmare, M., et al. 2015. Phosphorus status, inorganic phosphorus forms and other physico-chemical properties of arid soils of Farta district, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Appl. Env. Soil. DOI: 10.1155/2015/74839.
Bereket, A., et al. 2018. Phosphorus status and adsorption characteristics of acid soils from Cheha and Dinsho districts, southern highlands of Ethiopia. Env. Syst. Res., 7(17):625-629.
ID: 65491
Title: Exploratory Analysis Of Air Quality In India
Author: Sudeep Varshney, Sunil Kumar, Preeti Dubey, Amit Upadhyay and Ridhima Gupta
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1410-1417 2021.
Subject: Exploratory Analysis Of Air Quality In India
Keywords: Air pollution, gases, Air quality index, Particulate matter
Abstract: The analysis of air in today’s era is very necessary and making people aware and motivating them to reduce air pollution so that the harmful gases from the environment can be minimized. The aim of this study is to have clean and fresh air in the environment by analyzing the dataset taken from Government of India and making the peoples of India aware by giving them the analyzed data in terms of various parameters, in the form of a web application. The web application is available for any device, like mobile, laptop, desktop, so it gets easy to access. Approximately, 8.5 kids die out of 1000 in India before they even turn 5 years old because of pollution. From this it can be seen the urge as well as the great need for this study. As mother nature is not only the responsibility of the government, but all of us together need to fight for it. It is not only about the environment but also about the health of every person because the gases, like NO2, SO2 and particulate matter of different ranges can cause many health issues.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: OGD. Open government data platform of India. Available at : https://data.gov.in/keywords/air-pollution.
Amparan, P., et al. 2018. Multivariate and special analysis of physico-chemical parameters in an irrigation district, Chihuahua, Mexico. Water. 10(8): 1037.
Literature cited 2: OGD. Laws made by government on air pollution. Available at: https://data.Gov.in/sector/judiciary-?page=1.
NEERI. National policy for air quality. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur.
ID: 65490
Title: Potentiality And Problems Of Wetland Agriculture: A Case Study Of Jamlai Wetland, Kamrup Rural, Assam
Author: Nazneen Ara Hoque and Archana Sharma
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1405-1409 2021.
Subject: Potentiality And Problems Of Wetland Agriculture: A Case Study Of Jamlai Wetland, Kamrup Rural, Assam
Keywords: Agricultural potential, Food security, Gross margin, Profitability, Wetland
Abstract: The livelihoods of millions of people were contributed by the wetlands in diverse ways. However, the rapidly growing population in many places, in conjunction with efforts to increase food security, is putting pressure to expand agriculture within wetlands. Assam is endowed with large numbers of wetlands and agricultural practice in and around the wetlands is a common phenomenon. As per the ‘Environmental Information system, Assam’ the human settlers mostly in the lower Assam have turned many wetlands into agricultural zones rich in rice and vegetables. Keeping this view in mind Jamlai wetland has been selected for conducting the case study, which is situated in the Kamrup district of lower Assam. The study is conducted during October 2019 to January 2020. The objective of the present study was to investigate contribution of agriculture to household, to identify factor affecting profitability of farming activities and to study wetland agricultural problems. The contribution of agriculture to household economy was calculated by gross margin analysis. Multiple regression analysis was undertaken for factors affecting profitability. The study found fish forming to be the most profitable business followed by paddy cultivation. In case of factors affecting profitability farm size, education and HYV application were found to have significant impact on rate of return. Issues of same crop practice, flood, growing trick industries hampler growth of agriculture and if these issues are solved the potentiality from agriculture can also be increased.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: McCartney, M., et al. 2009. Wetlands, agriculture and poverty reduction. IWMI research report 137. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Frenken, K. and I. Mharapara. 2002. Wetland development and management in SADC countries. Proceedings of a sub-regional workshop, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Literature cited 2: NWAS. 2010. National Wetland Atlas Assam report.
Deka, N. and A.K. Bhagabati. 2015. Wetlands in a village environment: A case from Brahmaputra floodplain, Assam. Trans. Inst. Indian Geographers. 37(1):35-45.
ID: 65489
Title: Cost Benefit Analysis Of Three Sewage Treatment Technologies In Delhi
Author: Prerna Sharma, Sudipta K. Mishra and Smita Sood
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1399-1404 2021.
Subject: Cost Benefit Analysis Of Three Sewage Treatment Technologies In Delhi
Keywords: Cost benefit analysis, Life cycle costing, Life cycle assessment, Sequencing batch reactor, Densadeck technology, Activated sludge process, Sewage treatment technologies, Removal efficiency
Abstract: This study focused on the cost assessment and the footprint requirements of different sewage treatment technologies used in the sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Delhi NCR, India. Comparison among sequencing batch reactor (SBR), densadeck and activated sludge process (ASP) technologies was done using life cycle costing (LCC) approach for cost benefit analysis. Results revealed that densadeck technology outstands the two in most of the parameters, but not much variation was observed between ASP and SBR in terms of removal efficiency (%). ASP is the most viable and economically cheap technology as compared to densadeck and SBR as it has the lowest values for total annual cost (TAC), life cycle cost (F) and footprint area, that is 0.1501, 1,167.59 and 0.633 crores/MLD, respectively. Hence, the order of the cost benefit analysis for the three selected technologies is ASP, SBR and densadeck, respectively indicating that densadeck is the most expensive and ASP is least expensive technology. Further, multiple attribute decision making (MADM) tool for LCC is highly recommended for getting more effective results.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ko, J. Y., et al. 2004. A comparative evaluation of money-based and energy-based cost benefit analyses of tertiary municipal wastewater treatment using forested wetlands vs sand filtration in Louisiana. Ecol. Eco., 49(3):331-337.
Gautam, S., et al. 2017. Cost effective treatment technology for small size sewage treatment plants in India. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 76: 249-254.
Literature cited 2: Piao, W., et al. 2016. Evaluation of monthly environmental loads from municipal wastewater treatment plants operation using life cycle assessment. Env. Eng. Res., 21(3):284-290.
Kim, H.W., K.H. Kim and H.S. park. 2017. Life cycle impact assessment of the environmental infrastructures in operation phase: case of an industrial waste incineration plant. Env. Eng. Res., 22: 266-276.
ID: 65488
Title: Emerging Contaminants: Challenge For Ground And Surface Water Management
Author: Anurag Tewari and Prahlad Prasad Paroha
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1391-1398 2021.
Subject: Emerging Contaminants: Challenge For Ground And Surface Water Management
Keywords: Groundwater, Emerging contaminants, Toxicity, Assessment management
Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a rise in exposure to the environmental quality of drinking water due to the increasing awareness and potential toxicity of chemical compounds being used day by day for various purposes. The new class of chemical pollutants called emerging contaminant (EC) have been recently found in water resources and is of major importance for water quality. These so-called ‘emerging contaminants’ groups comprise various compounds, such as pharmaceutical products, plasticizers and industrial daily use additives. Inorganic compounds are limited but the organic chemicals are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which are not included in nutrients or metals. For assessing ECs a combined strategy right from occurrence to assessment and multi-scale approach will be required to prepare plans for regulations, management measures of ECs into the environment and their occurrence in the environment to be assessed through water resource management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Richardson, S.D. 2009. Water analysis: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal. Chem., 81:4645-4677.
Petrovic, M., S. Gonzalez and D. Barcelo. 2003. Analysis and removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water. Trac. Trends Anal. Chem., 22:685-696.
Literature cited 2: Richardson, S.D. 2008. Environmental mass spectrometry: Emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal. Chem., 80:4373-4402.
Verliefde, A., et al. 2007. Priority organic micro- pollutants in water sources in Flanders and Netherlands and assessment of removal possibilities with nanofiltration. Env. Poll., 146:281-289.
ID: 65487
Title: Removal Of Copper From Wastewater Using Dhoopbati Ash As An Adsorbent
Author: Animesh Agarwal, Nitin Kumar Agrawal and Harendra Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1386-1390 2021.
Subject: Removal Of Copper From Wastewater Using Dhoopbati Ash As An Adsorbent
Keywords: Adsorption, Dhoopbatti, adsorbent, Langmuir isotherm
Abstract: In the present work treated dhoopbatti (incense stick) ash (TDA) is used as an adsorbent for the removal of copper from its aqueous solution. The adsorbent is a waste material left after worship of Hindu God; it is easily available in Hindu temples. The effect of contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and pH were studied on the removal percentage of metal ions. The TDA is first time used as adsorbent and found to have good adsorption properties. Cu(II) adsorption was maximum at pH 3 and it was also observed that as the pH increases, the adsorption began to decrease. It was observed during study that removal of copper decreases with increase in initial concentration. The SEM image and FTIR spectra of TDA clearly shows that various functional groups are attached in TDA which enhances the adsorption capacity of adsorbent. The Langmuir isotherm was also applied during present study which shows monolayer adsorption.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Iqbal, M. and R.G.J. Edyvean. 2004. Biosorption of lead, copper and zinc ions on loofa immobilized biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporiu. Minerals Eng., 17:217-223.
Iqbal, M. and R.G.J. Edgvean. 2005. Loofa sponge immobilized fungal biosorbent : A robust system for cadmium and other dissolved metal removal from aqueous solution. Chemosphere. 61:510-518.
Literature cited 2: Agarwal, A. and M. Saxena. 2011. Assessment of toxic effect of industrial effluent on aquatic life in river Gagan at Moradabad, India. Der. Chemica Sinica., 2(2):172-176.
Fabianil, C., et al. 1996. Chromium (III) salts recovery process from tannery wastewater. Desalination. 108:183.
ID: 65486
Title: Contribution Of Organic Farming For Environmental Development With Special Reference To Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu
Author: B. Chithirairajan and Telu Suvarna
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1380-1385 2021.
Subject: Contribution Of Organic Farming For Environmental Development With Special Reference To Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Chemical farming, Air and water contamination, Organic farming, Green manure, reducing agricultural pollution, Environmental development
Abstract: At present, climate change is one of the severe problems in agricultural sector and it leads to crop failure, decline in groundwater level, fall in agricultural production, labour migration and reducing the fertility of soil. Further, agricultural pollution includes nitrogen based fertilizers which releases greenhouse gases; it can overload waterways with dangerous pollutants, like chemical pesticides with varying toxicological effects and can contaminate air and water or reside directly on our food. To overcome these problems, organic farming is an alternative method and it is concerned with the whole farming system and it relates to the interaction with climate, environment, social and economic conditions, rather than considering farming as an enterprise. The prime objective of this study is to discuss the various factors attributed to organic farming for environmental development in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. Regarding design of the study, total of 48 organic farm households have been collected from Sirkazhi block of Nagapattinam district using well structured interview schedule method. As a result, we found that major portions of the respondents selected in organic farming households opined that organic farming can accelerate the environmental development and can create good ambience between humans, flora and fauna. Further, the practice of organic farming can bring out the chain rule according to green manure, crop production, healthy environment and eco-friendly development. At this juncture, the present research has focused on environmental development through organic farming practices in the modern society.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ramesh, P., M. Singh and A.S. Rao. 2005. Organic farming : Its relevance to the Indian context. Curr. Sci., 88(4):561-568.
Murugan, D. and B. Chithirairajan. 2015. An economic analysis of pattern of physical input use under organic and inorganic farming in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. Agric. Situation India. 72(8): 25-29.
Literature cited 2: Arnhold, S., et al. 2014. Conventional and organic farming: Soil erosion and conservation potential for row crop cultivation. Geoderma. 219-220: 89-105.
Costa, C., L. Costa and Coelho. 2014. Is organic farming safer to farmers’ health? A comparison between organic and traditional farming. Toxicol. Letters. 230(2):166-176.
ID: 65485
Title: Impact Study Of An Amended Mixture Of Municipal Solid Waste And Sand On The Germination And Growth Of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Author: Nisha Gupta and Manisha Agrawal
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1372-1379 2021.
Subject: Impact Study Of An Amended Mixture Of Municipal Solid Waste And Sand On The Germination And Growth Of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Keywords: FTIR, municipal solid waste, Germination, Nutrient, antioxidant, humic acid
Abstract: The present study deals with germination and seedling growth of seed in various proportions by mixing of municipal solid waste (MSW) of two dumpsites Kundrapara and Potiya, in the sand, as replacement of fertilizer. Five combinations were established based on the addition of increasing quantities of sand to the MSW ratio 100:0 (K1, P1), 75:25 (K2, P2), 50:50 (K3, P3), 25:75 (K4, P4) and 0:100 (K5, P5). A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of MSW on the germination and growth of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seed, in which K1, P1 treatment was control treatment. Physical properties, presence of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) and macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and FTIR analysis of MSW of both dumpsites were determined and compared. Percentage of germination, vigor index, shoot length, roots length, stem diameter, number of leaves and wet biomass were measured as germination parameters. Biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, carbohydrate, protein and lipid content per plant were determined and subjected to statistical analysis, ANOVA for £ 0.05 at a 95% confidence level. The best results were obtained in which bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds were grown in a mixture of sand and MSW. The treatment 50:50 (P3) municipal solid waste of P2 (MSW2) and 0:100 (K5) of municipal solid waste K1 (MSW1) treatments had the best result than the control treatment. Simultaneously, the FTIR spectra of MSW1 and MSW2 confirmed the presence of humic acid as a plant nutrient. Thus MSW may have the potential to enhance the quality of the sand and to increase the fertility of mixture. MSW may be recognized as a substitute for fertilizer to increase nutrient content and enhance crop production.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Karak, T., R.M. Bhagat and P. Bhattacharya. 2012. Municipal solid waste generation, composition and management : The world scenario. Critical Reviews Env. Sci. Tech., 42(15):1509-1630.
Chouaki, M.S., et al. 2019. A study of the impact of municipal solid waste on some soil physico-chemical properties: The case of the landfill of Ain-El-Hammam Municipality, Algeria. Appl. Env. Soil. Sci. DOI: 10.1155/2019/3560456.
Literature cited 2: Ogundele, O.M., O.M. Rapheal and A.M. Abiodum. 2018. Effects of municipal waste disposal methods on community health in Ibadan, Nigeria. Polytechnica. 1:61-72.
Abdel-Shafya, H.I. and M.S.M. Mansour. 2018. Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling and valorization. Egyptian J. Petroleum. 27(4):1275-1290.
ID: 65484
Title: Photo-Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Rhodamine B Dye Using Titanium Electrodes Coated With RuO2/IrO2/TaO2
Author: R. Rathinam, T. Brindha, M. Petchiammal and A. Mohamed Ibrahim
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1365-1371 2021.
Subject: Photo-Electrocatalytic Degradation Of Aqueous Rhodamine B Dye Using Titanium Electrodes Coated With RuO2/IrO2/TaO2
Keywords: Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation, Rhodamine B dye, RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium electrode, Colour removal
Abstract: This work is focused on the study of photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye by RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium electrodes. Combining electrochemical and photo-catalysis technologies called photo- electrocatalytic technology offers the opportunity to separate electron–hole, photo-generated and promote the formation of highly reactive, oxidizing species that contribute e-/h+ and to prevent their recombination. Experiment was carried out with various operating parameters, such as initial pH, applied current density, dye concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, stirring speed and treatment time. The experimental results revealed that colour removal efficiency increases with increase in current density and NaCl concentration, while it was found to decrease with increase in initial dye concentration. Under neutral medium, the decolourization efficiency reached 100% in 30 min of electrolysis time. The pH was found to be an important parameter for the process; the maximum efficiency of colour removal was achieved at pH 7.0. The GC-MS confirms the degradation of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anwer, H. et al. 2019. Photocatalysts for degradation of dyes in industrial effluents: Opportunities and challenges. Nano res., 12: 955-972.
Moses, G., et al. 2017. Photoelectrocatalytic water treatment systems: Degradation, kinetics and intermediate products studies of sulphametho-xazole on a TiO2–exfoliated graphite electrode. RSC Adv., 7: 40571-40580.
Literature cited 2: Neppolian, B., et al. 2002. Solar/UV-induced photocatalytic degradation of three commercial textile dye. J. Hazard. Mater., 89 (2-3): 303-317.
Rathinam, R., et al. 2016. Decolourization of Rhodamine B from aqueous by electrochemical oxidation using graphite electrodes. Des. Water Treat., 57: 16995 -17001.
ID: 65483
Title: Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal Production At XYZ Ltd., In South Borneo
Author: Muhammad Qola Ariansyah Damanik, Lina Karlinasari and Jessica Hanafi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1360-1364 2021.
Subject: Life Cycle Assessment Of Coal Production At XYZ Ltd., In South Borneo
Keywords: Coal production, Global warming potential, Life cycle assessment
Abstract: Coal is an energy source that is still an option in the industry and is obtained through mining activities. Mining management and planning if not done properly will have an impact on the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the potential environmental impacts of the coal production process. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method used to analyze the environmental impact caused by the procurement of raw materials, production processes and product usage. LCA consists of four stages, namely goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and life cycle interpretation. The LCA study, in this case, used the scope of cradle to gate problems carried out at the processing coal mining. The study results show that the potential for global warming is the biggest impact with a total value of 923,284,331 kg CO2 eq followed by 6,935,573 kg SO2 eq and eutrophication of 1,615,406 kg PO4 eq in the second and third positions, respectively. The potential for reducing emissions can be done by developing technology by replacing fuel sources and using effective coal extraction equipment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: USEIA. 2016. International energy outlook. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington D.C.
Haryadi, H. and M. Suciyanti. 2018. Analysis of the estimated coal demand for the domestic industry in 2020-2035 in support of domestic market bond policies and national energy policies. J. Mineral Coal Tech., 14(1):59-73.
Literature cited 2: Setneg RI. 2009. Law number 4 of 2009 about mineral and coal mining. State Secretary of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Dontala, S.P., T.B. Reddy and R. Vadde. 2015. Environmental aspects and impacts its mitigation measures of corporate coal mining. Procedia Earth Planetary Sci., 11:2-7.
ID: 65482
Title: Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiological Hazards In Different Ceramic Tile Samples Collected From Nigerian Markets
Author: Adewoyin Olusegun Oladotun, Omeje Maxwell, E.S. Joel, M.R. Usikalu, S.A. Akinwumi and T.A. Adagunodo
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1352-1359 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Natural Radioactivity And Radiological Hazards In Different Ceramic Tile Samples Collected From Nigerian Markets
Keywords: Radionuclides, Radiological hazards, Radiometric analysis, Gamma-index, External hazard index
Abstract: This study presents the assessment of radiometric analysis conducted to determine the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides and the possible radiological hazards in ceramic tiles that are available in the Nigerian markets. The analysis was carried out on twelve tiles using gamma ray spectrometer. The tiles were grouped into three classes according to their country of production-locally made tiles, Indian and Chinese products. The results obtained revealed the activity concentration of 238U, 232Th and 40K to be in the range of 35.64-112.35, 33.20-81.54 and 134.10-663.07 Bq/kg for Nigeria products and a range of 18.68-94.47, 68.60-104.28 and 351.90-787.77 Bq/kg for both Indian and Chinese products, respectively. Further study was carried out to compare the components of the tiles available in Nigeria with the ones imported to other countries by both India and China, it was observed that the activity concentrations of Indian products are far higher than their products in Nigeria while in Chinese products the concentrations are far lower than what is available in the market in Nigeria. Moreover, the results of the radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, external hazard index and gamma-index revealed that the quality of tiles imported to Nigeria from India and China are far safer than their products in other international markets. Indian products in the international market pose more risk to the users than their Chinese counterparts. Therefore, it is recommended that the Nigerian government should encourage locally made tiles and in the case of importation, Chinese tiles are highly recommended.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pavlidou, S., A. Koroneos and G. Christofides. 2005. Imported plutonic rocks used in Greece as building materials : Mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry and physico-mechanical properties. Mineral Wealth. 135:37-54.
Ghosh, D., et al. 2008. Assessment of alpha activity of building materials commonly used in West Bengal.
Literature cited 2: Todorovic, N., et al. 2017. Concentration of 236Ra, 232Th and 40K in industrial kaolinized granite. J. Env. Radioactivity. 168:10-14.
Righi, S. and L. Bruzzil. 2006. Natural radioactivity and radon exhalation in building materials used in Italian dwellings. J. Env. Radioactivity. 88:158-170.
ID: 65481
Title: Environmental Impact Of Electric Vehicles Battery
Author: R. S. Sandhya Devi, P. Sivakumar and B. Vinod
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1345-1351 2021.
Subject: Environmental Impact Of Electric Vehicles Battery
Keywords: Environmental, Electric vehicle, Battery, Recycling
Abstract: Environmental pollution and high fuel costs have increased demands for an alternative energy source for transportation. Battery will be key element of alternative vehicles. Used electric vehicle batteries could be a critical and inexpensive part of the solution. In this paper, the environmental performance of electricity storage using a life cycle assessment methodology analyze the impacts of the construction, disposal/ end of life and usage of each of the systems. Batteries are identified as a problem material in the waste stream. Batteries are made from a variety of chemicals to power their reactions. Some of these chemicals, such as nickel and cadmium, are extremely toxic and can cause damage to humans and the environment. In particular, they can cause soil and water pollution and endanger wildlife. The environmental impacts assessed are climate change, human toxicity, particulate matter formation and fossil resource depletion. Determining which battery technology is to be used preferably in electric vehicles and to indicate how to further improve the overall environmental friendliness of electric vehicles in the future. There is considerable scientific, political and public interest in the potential of electric vehicles (EV) as replacements for internal combustion engine vehicles. Depending on the electricity mix used, these vehicles could potentially offer considerably reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Battery-powered electric cars (BEVs) play a key role in future mobility scenarios. However, little is known about the environmental impacts of the production, use and disposal of the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. The major contributor to the environmental burden caused by the battery is the supply of copper and aluminum for the production of the anode and the cathode, plus the required cables or the battery management system. This study provides a sound basis for more detailed environmental assessments of battery-based e-mobility.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Nordelof, A., et al. 2014. Environmental impacts of hybrid, plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicle what can we learn from life cycle assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 19(11):1866-1890.
Sivakumar, P., B. Vinod and R.S. Devi. 2018. Environmental factor considerations for future automotive industry. Ecol. Env. Conser., 24:186-194.
Literature cited 2: Basbas, S., et al. 2015. Investigation for the implementation of low emission zone in the centre of Volos, Greece. J. Env. Prot. Ecol., 16(2):407-416.
Frischknecht, R. and K. Flurry. 2011. Life cycle assessment of electric mobility : Answers and challenges-Zurich. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 16(7): 691-695.