Enter records

ID: 61087
Title: Implication of Mossbauer spectra on the mixing model of eucrites and diogenites (resulting in howardites)
Author: Beena Bhatia, K.R.Patel, R.P.Tripathi, S.Layek and H.C.Verma.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 331-337 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Cumulate and non-cumulate eucrites, HED bodies, Mossbauer spectroscopy, meteorites.
Abstract: In the present communication, we show that Mossbauer spectra of cumulate eucrites are characteristically different from those of non-cumulate eucrites. In cumulate eucrites, iron occupies only one site, i.e. the M2 site in pyroxene crystal lattice, while it is distributed in both M1 and M2 sites in non-cumulate eucrites. We discuss the importance of asymmetric doublet observed in the Mossbauer spectrum of cumulate body, especially in Vissannapeta cumulate eucrite (fallen in Andhra Pradesh, India), where an appreciable asymmetry was observed. The Mossbauer parameters of diogenite almost exactly replicate those of cumulate eucrites, suggesting that they originate from the same magma ocean. Howardites which are mixed eucrites and diogenites, show iron mineralogy which is different from what one would expect from a physical mixture model. The possible reasons for this difference are also discussed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: McCord, T.B., Adams, J.B., and Johnson, T.V., Asteriod Vesta: spectral reflectivity and compositional implications. Science, 1970, 168, 1445-1447. Larson, H.P.and Fink, U., Infrared spectral observations of asteroid 4 Vesta.Icarus, 1975, 26, 420-427.
Literature cited 2: Consolmagno, G.J. and Drake, M.J., Composition and evolution of the eucrite parent body: evidence from rare earth elements. Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta, 1977, 41, 1271-1282. Drake, M.J., The eucrite/Vesta story. Meteorit.Planet.Sci, 2001, 36, 501-513.

ID: 61086
Title: Prey abundance and leopard diet in a plantation and rainforest landscape, Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats.
Author: Swati Sidhu, T.R.Shankar Raman and Divya Mudappa.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 323-330 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Diet, leopards, prey abundance, plantation, tropical rainforest.
Abstract: Leopards use a wide range of habitats from natural forests to plantations in human-dominated landscapes. Within interface areas, understanding leopard ecology and diet can help in conservation management and conflict avoidance. In a fragmented rainforest and plantation landscape in southern India, we examined diet of large carnivores (with a focus on leopards) using scat analysis with DNA-based identification of predator species, and estimated relative abundance of prey species in different land uses through transect surveys. Large carnivores predominantly consumed wild prey species (98.1%) and domestic prey species contributed <2% to overall prey biomass. For leopards, four wild prey species (Indian muntjac, Indian spotted chevrotain, sambar and Indian porcupine) contributed 95.1% of prey biomass, with the rest being minor wild prey species (no livestock in identified scats). Wild prey species occurred across the landscape but varied in relative abundance by land-use type, with forest fragments supporting higher abundance of many species relative to tea and coffee plantations. As large carnivores mainly depend on wild prey and rainforest fragments act as refuges for these mammals within the tea and coffee plantations, it is important to continue to retain or restore these forest fragments.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Lindstedt, S.L., Miller, B.J. and Buskirk, S.W., Home range, time, and body size in mammals. Ecology, 1986, 67, 413. Madhusudan, M.D. and Mishra, C., Why big, fierce animals are threatened: conserving large mammals in densely populated land-scapes. In Battles over Nature: Science and the politics of Conservation, (eds Saberwal, V. and Rangarajan, M.), Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2003, pp. 31-55.
Literature cited 2: Hoare, R.E., Determinants of human-elephant conflict in a land-use mosaic.J.Appl.Ecol, 1999, 36, 689-7000. Karanth, K.U. and Madhusudan, M.D., Mitigating human-wildlife conflicts in southern Asia. In Making Parks Work: Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature (eds Terborgh, J.W. et al)., Island press, Washington, DC, 2002, pp. 250-264.

ID: 61085
Title: Hydrogeochemical assessment of River Jhelum and its tributaries for domestic and irrigation purposes, Kashmir valley, India.
Author: Riyaz Ahmad Mir and Gh.Jeelani.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 311-322 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Anionic and cationic budget, domestic and irrigation purposes, hydrogeochemical assessment, water quality.
Abstract: Fifty water samples were collected during high flow (June 2008) and low flow (January 2009) periods from River Jhelum and its tributaries located in Kashmir valley, Western Himalaya, to carry out hydrogeochemical assessment for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. The high flow period represents summer season, and the low flow period represents the summer season, and the low flow period represents the winter season. In general, water was alkaline in nature.Ca2+ among the cationic budget, and HCO-3 among the anionic budget, dominate the chemical quality of water. The higher annual average discharge (~1124.6 m3/s) during high flow period resulted in lower ionic concentration in water through the effect of dilution than during the lower annual average discharge of ~406.4 m3/s during low flow period. The water classification suggested the water to be of fresh category (100 %< 1000mg/l TDS), which is therefore desirable for drinking purposes. Moreover, the mean values of major ions were within the permissible limits of WHO and ISI standards, suggesting that the water is suitable for domestic and livestock purposes. For irrigational practices, the calculated indices show that the water is of ' excellent to good quality ' .
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Chapman, D., Water quality Assessment, Chapman & Hall, London (on behalf of UNESCO, WHO AND UNEP), 1992, p. 585. Gibbs, R.J., Mechanism controlling world water chemistry. Science, 1970, 170, 1088-1090.
Literature cited 2: Lester, J.N.and Birkett, J.W., Microbiology and Chemistry for Environmental Scientists and Engineers, E and FN Spon, New York, 1999, 2nd edn. Carpenter, S.R., Caraco, N.F., Correll, D.L., Howarth, R.W., Sharpley, A.N. and Smith, V.H., Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen.Ecol.Appl., 1998, 8, 559-568.

ID: 61084
Title: Performance evaluation of riverbank filtration scheme.
Author: Narayan C.Ghosh, Saroj Kumari Khatania, Shashi Poonam Indwar, Cornelius S.S.Sandhu, C.K.Jain, Sanjay Mittal and Rakesh Goel.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 301-310 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Analytical method, bank filtration, case study, distance, hydrochemistry, performance evaluation.
Abstract: This article presents an analytical method to determine the distance of a bank filtration well from a river in commensuration with the desired percentage of bank filtrate and removal of pathogenic compounds. Applying least squares optimization technique using Marquardt algorithm, the unknown parameter, distance of the well from the river has been estimated. The travel time in commensuration with the desired percentage removal of pathogenic compounds has been ascertained using the first-order decay equation. For evaluating effectiveness of the technique, the physico-chemical and biological parameters of extracted bank filtrate from 22 wells located in the vicinity of the River Ganga and the Upper Ganga Canal network at Haridwar have been analysed for the non-monsoon and monsoon periods. The physico-chemical parameters of the extracted water showed concentration much below the acceptable limits, except turbidity. The percentage removal of turbidity in the extracted water was found about 98 and 76 during the monsoon and non-monsoon periods respectively, in comparison to water from the river/canal. The count of biological parameters, viz. total coliform and faecal coliform in the extracted water is removed considerably (65 % to 85 %), but is found above the acceptable limit. The reason could be mixing of bank filtrate with the rich constituents in the groundwater. It is suggested that bank filtration dilutes groundwater quality and can be regarded as a technique to conjunctive management of surface and groundwater quality.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Hiscock, K.M.and Grischek, T., Attenuation of groundwater pollution by bank filtration.J.Hydrol, 2002, 266 (3-4), 139-144. Kuhn, W.and Muller, U., Bank filtration: an overview.J.Am.Waterworks.Assoc, 2000, 92 (12), 60-69.
Literature cited 2: Schmidt, C.K., Lange, F.T., Sacher, F., Baus, C.and Brauch, H.-J., Assessing the fate of organic micropollutants during river-bank filtration utilizing field studies and laboratory test systems.Geophys.Res.Abstr., 2003, 5, 85-95. Sharma, S.K.and Amy, G., Bankfiltration: a sustainable water treatment technology for developing countries. In 34th WEDC International Conference on Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: sustainable Development and Multisectoral Approaches, 2009, paper no. 715.

ID: 61083
Title: COHERENS: a hydrodynamic model validated for the west coast of India.
Author: Betty John, P.P.Saheed, Carlos Franca, P.Venthamony and Edmo J. D.Campos.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 288-300 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Coastal and shelf seas, hydrodynamics, numerical modeling, residual current.
Abstract: COHERENS (Coupled Hydrodynamical and Ecological model for REgioNal and Shelf seas), a 3D hydrodynamic multi-purpose model, has been implemented for the coastal and shelf seas of eastern Arabian Sea to study the flow characteristics. The model has been tested and verified with one month measurements of surface and bottom currents collected off Mangalore, Ratnagiri, Mumbai and Dwarka on the west coast of India (WCI).After calibration, the model was allowed to perform under tide and wind forcings. The flow characteristics at these select locations have been well reproduced by the model. A shift in current direction from south to southeast has been observed at several occasions, and this could be attributed to shamal events. The low amplitudes of the residual currents in the measurements off Mumbai and Dwarka suggest that the influence of the West India Coastal Current is weak or negligible in the northern part of the WCI and the currents are mainly tide-dominant. Certain discrepancies are noticed especially in the southern domain, off Mangalore, where the shallow water dynamics is not only driven by the local wind forcing and tides, but also by the remotely driven currents. In order to get a comprehensive picture of the prevailing dynamics, the model domain has to be extended to the entire Indian Ocean.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Kantha, L.H., Monitoring the oceans using data-assimilative models: implications for integrated in situ and remote observing systems. In Third Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Abstr, 79th AMS Annual Meeting, Dallas, TX, USA, 1999. Kantha, L.H., Choi, J.K.,Leben, R., Cooper, C., Vogel, M.and Feeney, J., Hindcasts and realtime nowcast/forecasts of currents in the Gulf of Mexico. In Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX, USA, 1999.
Literature cited 2: Kantha, L., Choi, J.-K., Schaudt, K.J. and Cooper, C.K., A regional data-assimimilative model for operational use in the Gulf of Mexico. In Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Models (eds Sturges, W. and Lugo-Fernandez, A.,), American Geo-physical Union, Washington DC, 2005; doi: 10.1029/161GM14. McCreary Jr, J.P., Kundu, P.K. and Molinari, R.L., A numerical investigation of dynamics, thermodynamics and mixed layer processes in the Indian Ocean.Prog.Ocezanogr., 1993, 31, 181-244.

ID: 61082
Title: Dynamical formalism for assessment and projection of carrying capacity in different socio-climatic scenarios.
Author: Prashant Goswami and Shiv Narayan Nishad.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 280-287 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Agricultural self-sustainability, carrying capacity, degree of dependency, dynamical sustainability model, technology demand.
Abstract: Increase in demand, decline in primary resources and impact of climate change make agricultural sustainability a complex function of many variables. A major gap is a consistent and quantitative formulation for assessment and projection of sustainability. We consider agricultural self-sustainability. We consider agricultural self-sustainability, defined as the condition of minimum food requirement from domestic production, and present a dynamical model of evolution of its constrained dynamics. The model is then applied to estimate and project agricultural self-sustainability, carrying capacity and import requirement with India as a case study in different socio-climatic scenarios. Unconstrained productivity is considered to determine technology demand for different scenarios.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Lang, T. and Barling, D., Food security and food sustainability: reformulating the debate.Geogr.J, 2012, 178, 313-326. Garnett, T., Food sustainability: problems, perspectives and solutions.Proc.Nutr.Soc, 2013, 72, 29-39.
Literature cited 2: Bhullar, G.S. and Bullar, N.K., Agricultural Sustainability, Academic Press, Elsevier, 2013. Pretty, J., Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence. Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London, Ser. B, 2008, 363, 447-465.

ID: 61081
Title: Tectonic framework and evolutionary history of the Bengal Basin in the Indian subcontinent.
Author: A.B.Roy and Alokesh Chatterjee.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 271-279 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Basin evolution tectonics, extensional rift basin, depositional pattern, Palaeogeographic setting, sediment supply.
Abstract: The Bengal Basin evolved as a rift-controlled extensional basin along the NNE-SSW trending Basin Margin Fault coevally with the 85? East Ridge in the Bay of Bengal during the short-lived hotspot activity south of Bhubaneswar. The basin opening post-dated the Kereguelen Plume magmatism (at ~116 Ma), but pre-dated the phase of continental collision that triggered the rise of the Himalaya in the north. Supply of sediments in the initial stages of basin opening was from the west, mainly through the denudation and erosion of the uplifted Precambrian Shield. Following virtually similar tectonic and depositional pattern in the entire basin, an abrupt change in depositional pattern was recorded during the Oligocene with the emergence of easterly source of sediments derived from the uplifting of Indo-Myanmarese Ranges. Between the Oligocene and Late Pleistocene different parts of the Sylhet Trough (the best-studied region in the deeper part of the Bengal Basin) received huge volumes of sediments, which resulted in deposition measuring between 10 km and over 17 km in thickness. This was followed by an equally sudden drop in the sediment supply from the east due to the basin inversion concurrently with the westward advance of the Indo-Burmese mountain front during early and mid-Pleistocene. Followed by a short hiatus, the deposition scenario changed completely with the arrival of thick volumes of sediment during the late Pleistocene-Holocene, which covered the entire Bengal basin with the sediments brought by the Ganga and Brahmaputra from the Himalayan sources.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alam, M., Alam, M.M., Curray, J.R., Chowdhury, M.L.R.and Gani, M.R., An overview of the sedimentary geology of the Bengal Basin in relation to the regional tectonic framework and basin fill history. Sediment. Geol., 2003, 155, 179-208. Kuehl, S.A., Hairu, T.M. and Moore, W.S., Shelf sedimentation off the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system: evidence of sediments bypassing to the Bengal fan. Geology, 1989, 17, 1132-1135.
Literature cited 2: Milliman, J.D., Rutkowski, C. and Meybeck, M., River discharge to sea: a global river index (GLORI).LOICZ Reports and Studies, LOCIZ Core Project Office, Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 1995, p.125. Goodbred, S.L., Kuehl, S.A., Steckler, M.S. and Sarkar, M.H., Controls on facies distribution and stratigraphic preservation in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta sequence.Sediment.Geol, 2003, 155, 301-316.

ID: 61080
Title: Breeding record of Indian vulture (Gyps indicus) in Moyar Valley, Tamil Nadu, India.
Author: R.Venkitachalam, S.Senthilnathan.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 258-259 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Breeding record of Indian vulture, Gys indicus, Moyar Valley, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract: Gyps vulture population in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asian has declined due to accidental poisoning when they feed on dead livestock that has been already treated with diclofenac. A recent study has shown that aceclofenac is toxic for the Gyps vultures in India. The drug Ketoprofen is toxic for the African white-backed vulture (Gyps Africanus) and Cape griffon vultures (Gyps corprotheres), and toxic levels of residual ketoprofen have been noted in cattle caracasses in India. Conservation efforts in the country have taken up through research and captive breeding programme to save three critically endangered Gyps species of vultures, namely Oriental white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), long-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris).
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Oaks, J.I., Gilbert, M., Virani, M.Z., Watson, R.T.and Meteyer, C.U., Nature, 2004, 427, 630-633. Prakash, V., et al., Biol.Conserv, 2003, 109, 381-390.
Literature cited 2: Swan, G. et al., Biol.Lett, 2006, 4, 1-4. Subramanya, S.and Naveen, O.S., Indian Birds, 2006, 2, 32-34.

ID: 61079
Title: Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Eucalyptus sp. plant leaves.
Author: Vasudeo Kulkarni, Sampat Suryawanshi, Pramod Kulkarni.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 255-257 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Biosynthesis of copper, nanaoparticles, Eucalyptus sp., Plant leaves.
Abstract: Nanobiotechnology is an enabling is an enabling technology that deals with nanometer-sized materials in diverse fields of science such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, physics, chemistry and materials science. In addition to many physical and chemical methods which have been developed for preparing metallic nanoparticles, nanobiotechnology also serves as a significant technique in the progress of clean, non-toxic and environment friendly procedures for synthesis and assembly of metallic nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has attracted attention of many researchers owing to their physical and chemical processes being expensive and drastic reaction conditions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Salata, O.V., J.Nanobiotechnol. 2004, 2, 3. Mohanpuria, P., Rana, K.N. and Yadav, S.K., J.Nanoparticle Res., 2008, 10, 507-517.
Literature cited 2: Subhankari, I. and Nayak, P., World J.Nanosci.Technol, 2013, 2, 14-17. Saranyaadevi, K., Subha, V., Ravindran, R.E. and Renganathan, S., Int.J.Chem.Tech.Res, 2014, 6, 4533-4541.

ID: 61078
Title: Thermal neutron flux measurements using lithium carbonate and liquid scintillation counting system.
Author: R.V.Kolekar, S.P.D.Bhade, Rajiv Kumar, Priyanka Reddy, Rajvir Singh, K.S.Pradeepkumar.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 253-255 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Thermal neutron, flux measurements, lithium carbonate, Liquid scintillation, counting system.
Abstract: Lithium carbonate in pellet form is frequently used for estimation of tritium production rate in irradiated samples in fusion blanket neutronics experiment and the activity is measured by liquid scintillation counting technique. In the present work, lithium carbonate powder was used for measurements of low and high thermal neutron fluxes by counting the samples in liquid scintillation counting system.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Dierckx, R., Nucl.Instrum, Methods, 1973, 107, 397-398. Sato, S., Ochiai, K., Hori, J., Vertzilov, Y., Klix, A., Wada, M., Terada, Y., Yamauchi, M., Morimoto, Y., and Nishitani, T., Nuke. Fusion, 2003, 43, 7-15.
Literature cited 2: Batistoni, P.et al., Fusion Eng.Des. 2005, 75, 911-915. Verzilov, Y., Maekawa, F.and Oyana, Y., J., Nucl.Sci.Technol, 1996, 33, 390-395.

ID: 61077
Title: South Asian Intellectual Property Knowledge Network-promoting intellectual property rights education in India and other countries.
Author: Tarakanta Jana
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 251-252 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Intellectual property Knowledge Network, Intellectual property rights, Education.
Abstract: All the SAARC countries (except Maldives and Afghanistan) have intellectual property right (IPR) laws in place and there is also a lack of proper awareness in the sub-continent. Understanding the above need and growing use of massive online open courses (MOOCs), we have developed an e-portal ' South Asian Intellectual Property Knowledge Network (SAIPKN) ' which provides nine basic IPR course modules in English for enrolled users. This commentary outlines how MOOCs have been used for promoting IPR education and awareness in India, neighboring SAARC and other countries.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Kim, Y.K. et al., Res. Policy, 2012, 41, 358-375. Jana, T., et al., Curr. Sci., 2014, 106, 1190-1195.
Literature cited 2: Chaudhary, A. et al., World Patent Inf., 2014, 39, 69-72. Balakrishnan, N., Curr. Sci., 2001, 81, 966-976.

ID: 61076
Title: Chuskor: an indigeneous watermill for sustainable resource utilization by the Monpa tribes of Arunachal Pradesh.
Author: Gendan Tsering, Gibji Nimasow and Oyi Dai Nimasow.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2015
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 109 (2) 247-250 (2015)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Chuskor, Indigenous, sustainable, resource, utilization, Monpa tribes, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Abstract: The Monpas are one of the major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh inhabiting the Western-most part of the state. They live in close proximity to the forest and other natural resources with rich indigenous knowledge system (IKS) for sustainable development. Chuskor, an indigenous technique for grinding grains into fine flour operated by water power for sustainable water resource utilization is reported here. We also analyse the role of Chuskor as an IKS which, if preserved and continued, may help in the sustainable utilization of renewable resources by local people in difficult mountainous areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Eden, S., Prog.Hum.Geogr, 2000, 24, 111-118. Brundtland Commission, Our common Future, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1987.
Literature cited 2: Malthus, T.R., An Essay on Principle of Population, St.Paul ' s church Yard, J.Johnson, London, 1798.

ID: 61075
Title: Flora of South Kanara (Dakshina Kannada and Udupi Districts of Karnataka)
Author: K Gopalakrishna Bhat
Editor: None
Year: 2015
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: None
Keywords: Flora of South Kanara
Abstract: None
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 61074
Title: Detection of Anomalous crop condition and soil variability mapping using a 26 year Landsat record and the Palmer crop moisture index.
Author: E.R.Venteris, J.D.Tagested, J.L.Downs, C.J.Murray.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 39 160-170 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Monitoring, Geologic injection, NDVI, Corn, Soybean, Soil mapping.
Abstract: Cost-effective and reliable vegetation monitoring methods are needed for applications ranging from traditional agronomic mapping, to verifying the safety to geologic injection activities. A particular challenge is defining baseline crop conditions and subsequent anomalies from long term imagery records (Landsat) in the face of large spatiotemporal variability. We develop a new method for defining baseline crop response (near peak growth) using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 26 years (1986-2011) of Landsat data for 400km2 surrounding a planned geologic carbon sequestration site near Jacksonville, Illinois. The normal score transform (yNDVI) was applied on a field by field basis to accentuate spatial patterns and level differences due to planting times. We tested crop type and soil moisture (Palmer crop moisture index (CMI) as predictors of expected crop condition. A spatial pattern in (YNDVI) was applied on a field of by field basis to accentuate spatial patterns and level differences due to planting times. We tested crop type and soil moisture (Palmer crop moisture index (CMI) as predictors of expected crop condition, field location (topography and soils), and annual moisture. Wet toposequence positions (depressions) were negatively correlated to CCMI and dry positions (crests) positively correlated. However, only 21% of the landscape showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) linear relationship. To map anomalous crop conditions, we defined a tolerance interval based on YNDVI statistics. Tested on independent image (2013), 63 of 1483 possible fields showed unusual crop condition. While the method is not directly suitable for crop health assessment, the spatial patterns in correlation between YNDVI and CCMI have potential applications for pest damage detection and edaphological soil mapping, especially in the developing world.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alley, W.M., 1984.ThePalmer drought severity index: limitations and assumptions.J.Clim.Appl.Meterol.23, 1100-1109. Chavez Jr., PS., 1988.An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data. Remote Sens.Environ.24, 459-479.
Literature cited 2: Chen, Kissel, D.E, West, L.T., Adkins, W., 2000. Field-scale mapping of surface soil organic carbon using remotely sensed imagery. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.64, 746-753. Denmead, O.T., Shaw, R.H., 1960.The effects of soil moisture stress at different stages of growth on the development and yield of corn.Agron.J.64, 746-753.

ID: 61073
Title: New Vegetation type map of India prepared using satellite remote sensing: Comparison with global vegetation maps and utilities.
Author: P.S.Roy, M.D.Behera, M.S.R.Murthy, Arijit Roy, Sarnam Singh, S.P.S. Kushwaha, C.S.Jha, S.Sudhakar, P.K.Joshi, Ch.Sudhakar Reddy, Stutee Gupta, Girish Pujar, C.B.S.Dutt, V.K. Srivastava,M.C.Porwal, PoonamTripathi, J.S.Singh, Vishwas Chitale, A.K.Skidm
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 39 142-159 (2015).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION.
Keywords: Forest type, Accuracy assessment, Visual interpretation, Climate, GPS
Abstract: A seamless vegetation type of India (scale 1:50,000) prepared using medium-resolution IRS LISS-III images is presented. The map was created using an on-screen visual interpretation technique and has an accuracy of 90 %, as assessed using 15, 565 ground control points. India has hitherto been using potential vegetation/forest type map prepared by Champion and Seth in 1968. We characterized and mapped further the vegetation type distribution in the country in terms of occurrence and distribution, area occupancy, percentage of protected area (PA) covered by each vegetation type, range of elevation, mean annual temperature and precipitation over the past 100 years. A remote sensing-amenable hierarchical classification scheme that accommodates natural and semi-natural systems was conceptualized, and the natural vegetation was classified into forests, scrub/shrub lands and grasslands on the basis of extent of vegetation cover. We discuss the distribution and potential utility of the vegetation type map in a broad range of ecological, climatic and conservation applications from global, national and local perspectives. We used 15, 565 ground control points to assess the accuracy of products available globally (i.e., GlobCover, Holdridge ' s life zone map and potential natural, vegetation (PNV) maps). Hence we recommend that the map prepared herein be used widely. This vegetation type map is the most comprehensive one developed for India so far. It was prepared using 23.5 m seasonal satellite remote sensing data, field samples and information relating to the biogeography, climate and soil. The digital map is now available through a web portal (http:bis.iirs.gov.in)
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: AICHI Target, 2010.Secretariat of the Convention for Biological Diversity Aichi Target: Target 11-Technical Rationale extended (Provided in Document COP/10/INF/12/Rev.1) Secretariat of the convention for Biological Diversity, Montreal, Que. Anonymous, 2008.Biodiversity Characterisation at landscape level using remote sensing and Geographic Information System-Project Manual. NRSC, ISRO, Hyderabad, India, pp.1-198.
Literature cited 2: Behera, M.D., Jeganathan, C., Srivastava, S., Kushwaha, S.P.S., Roy, P.S., 2000. Utility of GPS in classification accuracy assessment.Curr.Sci. 97 (12), 1696-1700. Behera, M.D., Kushwaha, S.P.S., Roy, P.S., 2001.Forest vegetation characterization and mapping using IRS-1C satellite images in eastern Himalayan region. Geocarto Int. 16 (3), 53-62.