ID: 61462
Title: Green Revolution in India: Environmental Degradation and Impact on Livestock.
Author: Saidur Rahman
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 75-80 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Green revolution, environment, global warming, livestock.
Abstract: The Green Revolution has transformed India to a food grain surplus country from a deficit one. No other activity has such immense impact on the socio-economic development of the people as the Green Revolution. Intensification of agriculture over the years has led to overall degradation of the fragile agro-ecosystem. High cost of production and diminishing economic returns from agricultural practices are affecting the socio-economic condition of farmers. Loss of soil fertility, erosion of soil, soil toxicity, diminishing water resources, pollution of underground water, salinity of underground water, increased incidence of human and livestock diseases and global warming are some of the negative impacts of over adoption of agricultural technologies by the farmers to make the Green Revolution successful. Indiscriminate and disproportionate use of chemicals pollutes the soil, air and water and feed and fodders offered to animals. This may be one of the important etiologies of increased productive and reproductive health problems of livestock.
Various scientific studies and surveys conducted on fertilizer and pesticide residues during last 45 years indicate the presence of residues of fertilizers and pesticides like nitrates, organochlorines, organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and carbamates at higher level than permissible limit in milk, dairy products, water, fodder, livestock feeds and other food products. As urea, a nitrogen-rich fertilizer is used much more than the recommended 4-to-1 ratio to potassium; it is contributing to the global warming. The extent of systematic damages caused in the process of Green Revolution to the soil, groundwater, and ecosystem needs to be quantified. It could lead to irreversible consequence to the life of the people who are benefited once if the timely, adequate and sustainable measures are not taken up to mitigate the harm done by the Green Revolution.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Anand, G. (2010). Green Revolution in India Wilts as Subsidies Backfire. The Wall Street Journal, Monday, February 22, 2010.
Anonymous (2001).Agriculture. Pursuit and Promotion of Science-The Indian Experience.IndianNationalScience Academy, New Delhi.
Literature cited 2: Bansal, O.P. and R.Gupta (2000).Groundwater Quality o Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. Pesticide Res.J, 12 (2): 188-194.
Briney, A. (2010).Green Revolution: History and Overview of the Green Revolution. Geography, www.About.com
ID: 61461
Title: Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Isolates Circulating in Sewage Waters of Aligarh Region over a Period of 14 Years.
Author: Arshi Malik, Fatima Khan, Meher Rizvi, Indu Shukla, Sarah Afaq and Asfia Sultan.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 69-74 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Sewage water, coliform, drug resistance, ESBL, Amp-C, MBL.
Abstract: Antibacterial-resistant pathogens are serious threat worldwide. The presence of drug-resistance bacteria in environmental samples has important implications for people living in the area who are reliant on public water and sanitation facilities. Detection of faecal indicator bacteria in water provides a very sensitive method of quality assessment. This study was designed to compare the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria circulating in sewer lines of Aligarh region at an interval of every four to five years. This study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, JN Medical College and Hospital over a period of fourteen years. Trends of antimicrobial susceptibility were assessed over this period. Isolates resistant to any of the 3rd generation cephalosporins were also evaluated for the presence of extended spectrum-? lactamases, Amp-C and mettalo- ?-lactamases. Escherichia coli was the commonest coliform isolated throughout the 14-year study period. Polymicrobial growth was more common in 2005 and 2013. Increase in the antimicrobial resistance was noted among the bacterial strains isolated in the last eight years of study. Isolation of ESBL and Amp-C producing bacterial isolates in sewage waters was the most alarming finding. Circulation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the environment is an alarming indicator of the rampant use of antibiotics. It is suggested that periodic surveys should be done to study the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of environmental water samples.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Baquero, F., Martinez, J.L. and R. Canton (2008). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Curr.Opin.Biotechnol. 19: 260-265.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2003). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: eighteenth informational supplement: Approved standards M100-S18.Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Baltimore, USA.
Literature cited 2: Collee, J.G., Fraser, A.G., Marmion, B.P. and A. Simmons (2006). Mackey and McCartney practical Medical Microbiology. In: Collee, J.G., Miles, R.S., Watt, B. (eds), 14th ed.Elsevier, New Delhi, India.
Cooke, M.D. (1975).Antibiotic resistance in coliform and fecal coliform bacteria from natural wastes and effluents.N.Z.J.Mar.Freshwater Res., 10: 391-397.
ID: 61460
Title: Vegetational Diversity and Community Level Analysis in a Landfill Site for Solid Waste Disposal.
Author: Seema Manwal and S.P. Joshi.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 61-68 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Community, diversity, landfill site, Twinspan.
Abstract: A total of 177 species were recorded from all the three sites of the landfill/study area of Doon valley; cultivated species outnumbered the natural species in landfill sites and periphery. Dicots contributed 76.28 % of the total vegetation. Herbs were dominating growth form. TWINSPAN classified the herbaceous vegetation of landfill site into five groups in rainy season; four groups in winter season and four groups in summer season. The high moisture content in the landfill site with high organic matter and other similar habitat parameters have clustered the vegetation of landfill sites and periphery .The results of a study indicating the great influence of soil parameters on the diversity and composition of vegetation are presented.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Asnani, P.U. (2006). Solid Waste Management. India Infrastructure Report 2006, Chapter 8.
Berry, M.andF.Bove (1997). Birth Weight Reduction Associated with Residence near a Hazardous Waste. Landfill Environmental Health Perspectives, 105 (8): 856-861.
Literature cited 2: Borpujari, D. (2008). A study on the occurrence and distribution of some tolerant plant species in different spoil dumps of Tikak opencast mine. The Ecoscan, 2 (2): 255-260.
Curtis, J.J. and R.P.McIntosh (1951). An upland forest continuum in the prairie forest border region of Wisonsin.Ecology, 32 (3): 476-496.
ID: 61459
Title: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Plants near Mining and Non-Mining Areas.
Author: Bably Prasad, Dhiraj Kumar, Priyanka Sinha, Rashmi Kumari, Sadhna Singh and Shilpi Swati.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 53-59 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Phytotoxicity, soil contamination, metal uptake.
Abstract: Plants take heavy metals from soil through different reactions. In the present study, heavy metals concentration in leaves and soil of few common plants like Bougainvillea glabra, Delonix regia and Azadirachta indica in mining and non-mining area has been determined. Effect of air pollution and metal content in soil on metal uptake by plant leaves has been done. Metals are present at higher concentration level in soil and leaves of mining area as compared to non- mining area. Metals are present well within the normal range in leaves of the three plants of non-mining area. Cr concentration in leaves of plants in mining area has been found above the normal range. Cu and Pb concentration in leaves of Gulmohar and Neem has also been found above the normal range in mining area. But the high concentration of metals did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity in plants of mining area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Arnold, E.G. Lemore, S.C. and D.E. Andrew (1992).American Public Health Association. Standard methods for examination of water and waste water. APHA.18th edn, Washington, DC.
Buszewski, B., Jastrzebska, A., Kowalkowski, T. and A. Gorna-Binkul (2000).Monitoring of selected heavy metal uptake by plants and soils in the area of Torun, Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 9 (6): 511-515.
Literature cited 2: Bouazizi, H., Jouili, H., Geitmann, A. and E.E.I Fernani (2010). Copper toxicity in expanding leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L; antioxidant enzymes response and nutrient element uptake. Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety, 73: 1304-1308.
Cheng, S. (2003). Effect of heavy metal on plants and resistance mechanism. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 10 (4): 256-264.
ID: 61458
Title: Two-dimensional Simulation of Nitrate Transport in an Agriculture-intensive Region.
Author: Morteza Mohsnipour, Hamid Asgari, Shamsuddin Shahid, Sahar Hadipuor and Peiman Roushenas.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 45-52 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Point an non-point sources of pollution, solute transportation, Advective-dispersive processes, porous media, finite difference method
Abstract: A two-dimensional steady-state solute transport model is developed to simulate movement of non-point sources of pollution in anisotropic porous media. The migration of chemicals dissolved in groundwater is governed by advective -dispersive processes which are also affected by the velocity of the flowing groundwater. Therefore, groundwater flow equation is solved for hydraulic conductivity to approximate the average linear velocity of fluid. The advection-dispersion is used to approximate the spatial and temporal distribution of non-reactive dissolved chemical in a flowing groundwater. A computer code is developed in MATLAB to solve the groundwater flow and solute transports equations by finite difference methods. The developed program is verified with soil-tank experimental data. The solute transport model is used to simulate non-point source of nitrate pollution in an agriculture-intensive region. Finally, the model outputs are analyzed to understand the factors that influence the pollution transport in the study area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Abriola, L.M. (1997). Michigan soil vapor extraction remediation (MISER) model [microform]: A computer program to model soil vapor extraction and bioventing of organic chemicals in unsaturated geological material. Linda M. Abriola, John Lang, and Klaus Rathfelder.Ada, OK (eds). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory.
Almasri, M.N. and J.J.Kaluarachchi (2007). Modeling nitrate contamination of groundwater in agricultural watersheds. Journal of Hydrology, 343 (3-4): 211-229.
Literature cited 2: Anayah, F.M. and M.N. Almasri (2009) .Trends and occurrences of nitrate in the groundwater of the West Bank, Palestine. Applied Geography, 29 (4): 588-601.
Asaduzzaman, M.and K.R.Rushton (2006). Improved yield from aquifers of limited saturated thickness using inverted wells. Journal of Hydrology, 326: 311-324.
ID: 61457
Title: A Comparative Study on the Bioaccumulatuion of Cr+3 and Cr+6 by an Emergent Macrophyte Scirpus mucronatus
Author: Donboklang Marbaniang and S.S.Chaturvedi.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 37-43 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Scirpus mucronatus, Cr+6, Cr+3, bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF).
Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine Cr+3 and Cr+6 uptake capacity of Scirpus mucronatus. The selected Macrophytes were transferred to the laboratory containing nutrient solution enriched separately with 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0and 16 mg/l of K2Cr2O7 and Cr (NO3)3 and were separately harvested after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. The bioaccumulation study showed a linear relationship between chromium uptakes with the exposure time (2-10 days.)The calculated linear regression coefficients (R2) between uptake and exposure time were found to be in the range of 0.577-0.800 and 0.972-0.994 for Cr+6 and Cr+3 respectively. In both the experiments, the concentration of chromium was found to be higher in the roots than the shoots of S.mucronatus. The maximum accumulation, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor(TF) value were calculated at 2343.6 ?g/g dry weight, 489 and 0.33 for Cr+3 and 1044 ?g/g dry weight, 1034 and 0.68 for Cr+6, respectively. S. mucronatus has the ability to accumulate Cr+6 from the surrounding water with a BCF value >102 but poorly translocate Cr+3 and Cr+6 (TF<1) to the aerial parts.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Aoi, T. and T. Hayashi (1996). Nutrient removal by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes).Water Science and Technology, 34: 407-412.
Arora, A., Saxena, S. and D.K.Sharma (2006). Tolerance and phytoaccumulation of Chromium by three Azolla species. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 22:97-100.
Literature cited 2: Barros, M.A.S.D., Silva, E.A., Arroyo, P.A., Tavares, C.R.G., Schneider, R.M. and M. Suszek (2004).Removal of Cr (III) in the fixed bed column and batch reactors using adsorbent zeolite NaX.ChemicalEngineering Science, 59, 5959-5966.
Bartlett, R.and B.James (1779).Behavior of chromium in soil: III.Oxidation .Journal of Environmental Quality, 8: 31-35.
ID: 61456
Title: Performance of Mesophilic Biofilter for the Treatment of Ethyl Benzene Polluted Air: Effect of Process Parameters.
Author: Rajamohan Natarajan, Jamila Al-Sinani and Saravanan Viswanathan.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 29-35 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Biofilter, ethyl benzene, volatile organics.
Abstract: The removal of ethyl benzene in a laboratory scale biofilter was investigated using a mixed microbial culture immobilized on a tree bark and proflex media based biofilter. The effect of operating variables namely inlet VOC concentration and flow rate were studied in the range of 1.0-4.0 g/m3 and 0.25-1.0 m3/h. The maximum removal efficiency of ethyl benzene attained was 98 % with an initial concentration of 1.0 g/m3 and Empty Bed Residence Time of 282 s. Increasing the inlet ethyl benzene concentration and the air flow rate reduced the removal performance of the biofilter. A maximum elimination capacity of 130.5 g/m3/h was achieved under optimal conditions. Temperature variation of approximately 4.4 ? C was observed during the entire biofiltration period confirming the exothermic nature of bio-reaction. Maximum carbon dioxide production of 310.1 g/m3/h was recorded when the maximum elimination capacity was achieved.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Delhomenie, M.C. and M.Heitz (2005).Biofiltration of air: A review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 25: 53-72.
Devinny, J.S. and J.Ramesh (2005). A phenomenological review of biofilter models, Chemical engineering Journal, 113: 187-196.
Literature cited 2: Elmrini, H., Bredin, N., Shareefdeen, Z. and M.Heitz (2004).Biofiltration of xylene emissions: Bioreactor response to variations in the pollutant inlet concentration and gas flow rate. Chemical Engineering Journal, 100: 149-158.
Estrada, J.M., Hernandez, S., Munoz, R. and S.Revah (2013). A comparative study of fungal and bacterial biofiltration treating a VOC mixture, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 250-251: 190-197.
ID: 61455
Title: Understanding of Chemical Speciation of Lead, Zinc and Copper in Vertical Profile of the Sediments of the Brahmaputra River, Assam, India.
Author: Pallavi Das, Kali Prasad Sarma and Manish Kumar.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 21-28 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Heavy metal, speciation, core sediment, Brahmaputra River.
Abstract: Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of anthropogenic and geogenic process. The fate of these metals in the environment is largely governed by their speciation, which is influenced by sediment properties. Therefore present study focuses on the distribution of Pb, Zn and Cu in different chemical forms in core sediments. Four sediment cores were collected from upstream to downstream of the Brahmaputra River. Metal speciation study revealed that most of the heavy metals were associated with the residual fraction. Among non-residual fraction Zn and Pb were mainly associated with reducible fraction while Cu was associated with oxidisable fraction. The bioavailable fractions for Pb are found to be comparatively higher. Correlation analysis was carried out among different geochemical fractions of heavy metals and sediment properties. It was found that most of the non-residual fraction of heavy metals is significantly correlated with grain size, pH and organic matter. Significant correlation was found between metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) in oxidisable fraction and organic matter. The risk assessment code suggests low to medium risk for all heavy metals.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Bacon, R.J., Farmer, G.J., Dunn, M., Graham, C.M. and I.S.Vinogradoff (2006).Sequential extraction combined with isotope analysis as a tool for the investigation of lead mobilization in soils: Application to organic-rich soils in upland catchment in Scotland. Environmental Pollution, 141: 469-481.
Berner, E.K. and R.A. Berner (1996). Global Environment: Water, Air, and Geochemical Cycles. Geochimica Cosmochiica.Acta, 60: 5157-5158.
Literature cited 2: Baruah, N.K., Kotoky, P., Battacharya, K.O. and O.C. Borah (1996).Metal speciation in Jhanji river sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 193: 1-12.
Chakrapani, G.J., Gupta, H. and C.K.Jain (2008). Enrichment and Fractionation of heavy metals in bed sediments of River Narmada, India. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 141: 35-47.
ID: 61454
Title: Evaluation of Land Use Change in the Upstream of Ciliwung Watershed to Ensure Sustainability of Water Resources.
Author: Kholil an Indarti Komala Dewi.
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 11-19 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Ciliwung watershed, water infiltration, spatial plan, residential areas, non-residential areas, run-off.
Abstract: The upstream of Ciliwung water shed has a very important role for the economic development in the downstream area (Jakarta as the capital of the country).One of the main functions is as water catchment areas and water reserves, as well as water management. The rapid population growth has encouraged the growth of settlements in the upstream of Ciliwung watershed, which causes the decrement of vegetation space, resulting in increment of surface water flows in the rain as potential causes of flooding in Jakarta.
This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of settlements in the upstream of Celiwung watershed area by using GIS (Geographical Information System) withover-lay system through Arc View GIS 3.3 software with geo-processing facilities.
The analysis showed that the development of existing settlements tend to be out of control, because it is not only in the corresponding region but also has entered a permanent settlement that is not suitable for residence. The area of suitable land for settlements in the upstream of Ciliwung watershed is only 19.89 % but the existing settlements have reached 22.65 % and even about 10-13 % is in the area prone to a very dangerous landslide.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Arifjaya, N.M. and ddan L.B. Prasetio (2004). Impact of land use change to run off and water quality of the upstream of Ciliwung watershed. Center of Indonesian Science, Jakarta.
Anonymous (2003). Integrated management plan of Ciliwung Watershed.BPDAS, Jakarta.
Literature cited 2: Anonymous (2007).Flood management plan of Ciliwung Watershed.BPDAS, Jakarta.
Anonymous (2008).Guidance for Conservation of Ciliwung Watershed. Department of Agriculture of Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta
ID: 61453
Title: Lignin and Isotope Signatures in Pollen: A Caveat of Lignin Phenol Biomarker for Reconstructing Paleovegetation.
Author: Shafi M. Tareq and Keiichi Ohta
Editor: Professor V. Subramanian
Year: 2015
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution.vol.12 (1). 1-9 (2015).
Subject: Water, Environment and Pollution.
Keywords: Lignin, Pollen, Vegetation, biomarker, biogeochemistry.
Abstract: Lignin phenol an stable isotope have been used as biomarker to trace the sources of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), reconstruction of paleovegetation and climate changes without considering the possible occurrence of fossil pollen grain in sedimentary matrix. Lignin phenol analysis of modern pollen showed that both gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen yielded very high concentration of cinnamyl phenols as compared to that vanillyl (V) and springyl (S) phenols (C/V=3.05-23.67) with variation in isotopic compositions (?13C =-20.2 to -28.3 % and ?15N =-9.2 to 1.7 % 0). Therefore the isotopic and lignin phenol signatures is SOM might be distorted to some extent by fossil pollen. This was especially true in the sediments of low altitude and latitude continental lakes and coastal areas where significant amount of fossil pollen might be deposited .Therefore, before using lignin phenol as a biomarker; one should consider a possible distortion derived from lignin of fossil pollen in sedimentary matrix.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: Alberts, J.J., Price, M.T. and S. Lewis (1991).Lignin oxidation product and carbohydrate composition of plant tissue from the southeastern united states. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, 33: 213-222.
Amundson, R.G., Evett, R.R., Jahren, A.H. and J. Bartholomew (1997). Stable carbon isotope composition of Poaceae pollen and its potential in paleovegetational reconstructions. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 99: 17-24.
Literature cited 2: Bennett, K.D. and K.J. Willis (2001). Pollen .In: Smol ,J.P., Birks, H.J.B. and Last, W.M. (Ed), Tracking Environmental Change using Lake sediments, Terrestrial, Algal and Siliceous Indicators.Kluwer, Dordrecht, vol.3.
Brooks, J.and G.Shaw (1971).Recent developments in the chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry of sporopollenins derived from pollen and spore exines.In: Heslop-Harrison, J. (Ed) Pollen: Development and Physiology. London.
ID: 61452
Title: Solar Energy An Investment That Can Skyrocket into Profits.
Author: Anuj Mahajan
Editor: Mahadevan Iyer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Mahadevan Iyer
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Electrical India, vol.55 (10), 68-70(2015)
Subject: Electrical India.
Keywords: Solar Energy, Investment, Skyrocket, Profits.
Abstract: Electricity starved India is primed to be the next red hot market for solar energy generation. Since it is blessed with clear sunny weather up to 250 to 300 days a year, the total theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is about 5000 trillion kilowatt hours per year. The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500 to 2000 sunshine hours per year, which is more than the current total energy consumption. Considering the huge potential that the country holds due to its advantageous location, landslide profit in solar energy generation is but a vision away.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 61451
Title: Charge controller for Standalone PV System
Author: Ahmad Faiz Minai, Fazlullah Mohammad Azmi, Faiz Hassan Jami, S M Amanul Haque, Nawaz Wakeel.
Editor: Mahadevan Iyer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Mahadevan Iyer
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Electrical India, vol.55 (10), 62-64(2015)
Subject: Electrical India.
Keywords: Charge, Controller, Standalone, P V System
Abstract: Though abundant, solar insolation is an unreliable source of energy. It fluctuates as a function of time, and is not available during the nights or in cloudy sky. Therefore, when the PV systems are used for stand-alone applications, a backup source of energy is necessary to compensate for the balance power demand of the land. Batteries are, generally, used as a backup source in such applications. To reduce the cost of the system, the ratings of the batteries are designed optimally.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 61450
Title: Climate Change And Role of Renewable Energy.
Author: Mayadhar Swain.
Editor: Mahadevan Iyer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Mahadevan Iyer
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Electrical India, vol.55 (10), 54-57 (2015)
Subject: Electrical India.
Keywords: Climate, Change, Role, Renewable Energy.
Abstract: Global warming and climate change have become a worldwide issue, and these are the most debated topics among scientists and environmentalists around the world. Role of thermal power stations in global warming and climate change is well known.
The recently developed alternative sources of energy are thought to nullify the effects of thermal power in some way.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 61449
Title: Offshore Wind Power Generation.
Author: Priti V.Hiralkar, Vilas J.Sawadatkar, Dr. Sachin S Bharatkar
Editor: Mahadevan Iyer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Mahadevan Iyer
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Electrical India, vol.55 (10), 52-53 (2015)
Subject: Electrical India.
Keywords: Offshore Wind, Power Generation.
Abstract: Nowadays installation of submarine transmission cable interconnections around the world is a valuable asset for the offshore wind, gas and oil industry. There is a worldwide focus on environmental issues. Governments and power supplies are supporting renewable energy sources, such as wind power, and oil/gas companies are substituting less efficient and CO2 emitting gas-turbine generation on platforms with power supplies from the mainland. This has led to an increasing world-wide demand for submarine cable solutions with less environmental impact. Submarine cables have been increasingly used for power transmission in recent decades. Requirements are increasing regarding more effective use of available energy resources like wind power. We are equipped both with resources and skills to meet any future demands for higher voltages, higher power, deeper water and longer distances.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 61448
Title: Nuclear power and the challenge of climate change.
Author: Shah Nawaz Ahmad.
Editor: Mahadevan Iyer
Year: 2015
Publisher: Mahadevan Iyer
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Electrical India, vol.55 (10), 46-50 (2015)
Subject: Electrical India.
Keywords: Nuclear Power, Challenge, Climate Change.
Abstract: Climate change is now a universal concern. The story goes something like this:
The Greenhouse Effect: Carbon dioxide is transparent to the Sun ' s light, but absorbs and re-radiates the heat energy emitted by the earth.
Global warming: The re-radiated heat warms the Earth until the net energy influx and output are balanced.
Climate Change: The additional heat energy has a complex effect on the climate and consequentially the biosphere.
This theory is not new, has been developing for a long time. Natural greenhouse effect is universally accepted. Without natural greenhouse effect, average global temperatures would be around 33?C colder. However, in recent years concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere has been rising. At least 80% of the world ' s electricity must be low-carbon by 2050 to give the world a realistic chance of keeping warming within 2?C according to the latest (5th) IPCC Synthesis report. The crux of the matter is, fossil fuel based power generation is one of the largest contributors to climate change through carbon dioxide emission.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building.
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None