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ID: 62317
Title: Horticultural nurseries and nematode dissemination
Author: K.Poornima and R.K. Walia
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 278-284 (2021)
Subject: Horticultural nurseries and nematode dissemination
Keywords: Horticultural nurseries, dissemination, guava, planting materials, root-knot nematode
Abstract: Horticultural nurseries are often contaminated with nematode, especially the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. Nematodes are concealed in the roots of planting materials among nurserymen, growers and horticulture field staff, the nematodes have spread across India. The infected plants often do not grow well and slowly succumb to nematode infection on roots that is accentuated due to secondary attack by fungal (Fusarium spp.) pathogens. Recently, this problem has cropped up in a big way in guava plantations across the country and a suspected exotic species, Meloidogyne eneterolobii (the guava root-knot nematode) has been intercepted in 11 states. Methods to contain nematode infection in nurseries and prevent further spread through planting material are suggested in this study.
Location: T E 15 New biology Building
Literature cited 1: EPPO, EPPO Technical Document No.1061,EPPO study on the risk of imports of plants for planting ,EPPO Paris, 2012, p.75. Anon, Horticulture statistics at a glance, 2018.Horticulture statistics Division Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Government of India, 201, p.458.
Literature cited 2: Kumar,V. Khan, M.R., and Walia, R.K., Crop loss estimations due to plant-parasitic nematodes in major crops in India .Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett., 2020; https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-020-00895-2 Khan, M.R., Hassan, A., Ghosh, B., Das, B., Ghosh, S. and Ray, S.K., Diversity and community analyses of soil nematodes associated with guava from West Bengal, India. Acta Hortic, 2007, 725, 483-487.

ID: 62316
Title: National Surveillance Programme for aquatic animal diseases –a stepping stone for establishing disease governance system in India
Author: Neeraj Sood, Pravata K.Pradhan, T.Raja Swaminathan, Gaurav Rathore, J.K.Jena and Kuldeep K.Lal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 273-277 (2021)
Subject: National Surveillance Programme for aquatic animal diseases –a stepping stone for establishing disease governance system in India
Keywords: Aquatic animals, disease surveillance, governance system, national programme
Abstract: The main driver for National Surveillance Programme for Aquatic Animal Diseases (NSPAAD) in India is the threat of diseases to the growth of aquaculture .Keeping this in consideration, the Department of Fisheries (DoF) , Government of India (GoI) is implementing NSPAAD involving 31 collaborating centres in 19 states , and this programme is being coordinated by ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow. The programme has been successful in developing a network of aquatic animal health laboratories; diagnostic capability for detection of OIE/NACA-listed and emerging pathogens; mechanism for fist time confirmation of new diseases; sending alerts /advisories to stakeholders; and providing scientific advice to the farmers. NSPAAD has helped in strengthening passive disease surveillance, which is evident by detection of seven new pathogens. It has enabled DoF in better understanding of disease situation in the country and meeting international disease reporting obligations. Currently, DoF is contemplating to further strengthen the disease surveillance programme.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Rodgers, C.J., Mohan, C.V. and Peeler, E.J, The spread of pathogens through trade in aquatic animals and their products. Rev. Sci. Technol., 2011, 30, 241-256. Dong, H.T., Ataguba, P., Khunrae, T., Rattanarojpong, T. and Serapin, S., Evidence o TiLV infection in tilapia hatcheries from 2012 to 2017, 479, 579-583.
Literature cited 2: MPEDA, State-wise details of shrimp and scampi production, 2019; https://www.mpeda.gov.in/MPEDA/year_wise.php# (accessed on 13September 2020.) The Economic Times, FY20 shrimp output may be a record, 2020; https:economicstimes.indiatimes.com/markets/commodities/news/fy20-shrimp-output-may-be-a-record/articleshow/73925714.cms (accessed on 13 September 2020)

ID: 62315
Title: Kaabar Tal, Bihar’s first Ramsar site: status, challenges and recommendations
Author: Manudeo Singh, Rajiv Sinha
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 270-272 (2021)
Subject: Kaabar Tal, Bihar’s first Ramsar site
Keywords: Kaabar Tal, Bihar’s first Ramsar site, status, challenges and recommendations
Abstract: The Kaabar Tal, a large flood plain wetland in the East Ganga Plains (EGPs), a bird sanctuary in Bihar, India, had been considered for long as a potential Ramsar site. It has now been accorded the status of Bihar’s first and India’s 39th Ramsar site on 12 November 2020 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. While it is a matter of pride for the country to have another Ramsar site, it is equally important to identify the challenges that lie ahead in maintaining and managing it.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/IN2436RIS_2010en.pdf (access on 16 November 2020) . Ambastha, K., Hussain, S.A. and Badola, R., Environ.Syst.Decis, 2007, 27, 261-273.
Literature cited 2: Shardendu, S., Sayantan, D., Sharma, D. and Irfan, S., ISRN SoilSci, 2012, 2012, 9;https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/516947. Ranjan, R.K., Sinha, A.K., Gupta, D., Sappal, S.M., Kumar, A., and Ramanathan, A., J.Appl.Geochem, 2016, 18, 414-429.

ID: 62314
Title: Does India have the invasive brown mormorated stink bug, Halymorpha halys (Stal)
Author: S.Salini, K.J.David and M.Pratheepa
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 268-269 (2021)
Subject: Does India have the invasive brown mormorated stink bug, Halymorpha halys
Keywords: India, invasive brown mormorated stink bug, Halymorpha halys
Abstract: India is one of the largest agrarian economies of the world; its contribution to the global food basket is colossal. But the economic liberalization and globalization have increased the risk of invasive species. Brown marmorated stink Bug (BMSB), Halymorpha halys (Stal), an invasive species and member of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), has gained importance during recent years due to its rapidly expanding geographical distribution outside its native range, East Asia.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Stal, C., Ofvers.Kongl.Vetensk-Akad.Forh, 1855, 12 (4) , 181-192. Cianferoni, F., Grazinani, F., Dioli, P.and Ceccolini, F., Biologia, 2018, 73 (6) , 599-607.
Literature cited 2: Fabricious, J.C., Impensis C.G.Proft, Fil.Soc.,Hafniae, 1794, 4, 472. Fabricious, J.C., Suppl.Proft.Storch, Hafniae, 1798, 2, 572.

ID: 62313
Title: Spermatogonial stem-cell transplantation: an alternative approach for transgenesis in farm animals
Author: Ankur Sharma, A.Kumaresan and M.S. Chauhan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 260-261 (2021)
Subject: Spermatogonial stem-cell transplantation: an alternative approach for transgenesis in farm animals
Keywords: Spermatogonial stem-cell transplantation, transgenesis, farm animals
Abstract: Genetic modification of spermatogonial stem cells followed by their transplantation to homologous recipients has shown immense potential to complement the current methods being used for generating transgenic farm animals. Using this technique, the time duration required to generate transgenic founder animals can be reduced at least by half, which would significantly reduce the generation interval. However, significant efforts need to me made ti improve the efficiency of transgenic offspring production for its successful implementation in large –scale production of therapeutic proteins for human use.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mehta, P. et al., Agric. Rev., 2017, 38, 129-136. Sharma, A. et al., Cell Reprogram, 2019, 21 1-10.
Literature cited 2: Sharma, A. et al., Theriogenology, 2020, 142, 441-449 Honaramooz, A. an Yanfei, Y., Vet. Med. Int., 2011, 2011, 657860.

ID: 62312
Title: Microplastics pollution pathways to groundwater in India
Author: Rakesh Kumar, Prabhakar Sharma
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (2) 249-251 (2021)
Subject: Microplastics pollution pathways to groundwater in India
Keywords: Microplastics pollution, groundwater in India
Abstract: Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other toxic substances which may disturb the ecological resilience. Due to the high volume of plastics being used, microplastics are emerging as pollutants with their small particle size (<5mm), which is impacting not only the terrestrial and marine ecosystems, but also the freshwater environments. In addition to being present in different surface water bodies, microplastics have recently been reported in groundwater resources in India, which is normally being used for drinking purpose in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Ganesan, M., Nallathambi, G.and Srinivasalu, S., Curr.Sci., 2019, 117, 1879-1885. Sarkar, D.J., Sarkar, S.D., Das, B.K., Manna, R.K., Behera, B.K. and Samanta, S., Sci.Total Environ., 2019, 694, 133712.
Literature cited 2: Sruthy, S.and Ramasay, E., Environ.Pollut., 2017, 222, 315-322. Cauwenberghe, L.V., Devriese, L., Galgani, F., Robbens, J. and Janssen, C.R., Mar.Environ.Res., 2015, 111, 5-17.

ID: 62311
Title: Assessment of colour changes in Lonar lake, Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India using remote sensing data
Author: Anurag Mishra, K.Abdul Hakeem, V.V.Rao, P.V.N.Rao and Santanu Chowdhury
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 220-226 (2021)
Subject: Assessment of colour changes in Lonar lake, Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India using remote sensing data
Keywords: Color changes, lake water, pigments, remote sensing, water quality analysis
Abstract: This communication presents results of apreliminary study to understand and assess the colour changes in Lonar Lake, Buldhana district; Maharashtra, India, using remote sensing data of recent years (2019 and 2020) .In addition, the study has utilized IMD gridded weather data and spectral profiles of algal pigments from the published literature. In order to verify whether the color changes is a cyclic event, long-term satellite data of Landsat 8-OLI and Sentinel 2-MSI sensors from 2014 onwards were analysed using spectral response in red and green bands. It was observed that even though a cyclic pattern exists, the color change events occurred only during the 2019 and 2020 periods. The present analysis showed a change in color of the lake from green to brown twice during April-June 2019.However, in 2020, there was a change in colour of the lake from green to brown and eventually to pinkish –red, which was not observed earlier. Rainfall and temperature were used to identify possible causes of abiotic stress on algae population of the lake. The study observed light rainfall and reduction in temperature just prior to the colour change event during of the years. In the absence of field data, the published literature on absorption spectra of different algal pigments was reviewed to identify pigments causing brown-and-red –coloured appearance of the lake. Though cause of stress on the algae population is not known and is to be precisely identified by field surveys, the change in colour of Lonar lake appears to be caused by pigment(s), like phycoerythrin and carotenoids. However, this needs to be verified in the ground through water quality analysis.
Location: T E 15 New biology building
Literature cited 1: Lonar lake’s change of color leaves of people surprised, experts feel salinity and algae are the reasons. The Economic Times, retrieved 17 June 2020; https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/lonar-lakes-change-of-color-leaves-people -surprised-experts-feel-salinity-and-algae-are-the-reasons/articleshow/76315-427cms Change in colour of Lonar Lake: Bombay HC convenes special sitting to issue directions to authorities. Hindustan Times, retrieved 17 June 2020; https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/change-in-colour-of-lonar-lake-bombay-hc-convenes-specialsitting-to-issue-directions-to-authorities/storyN4ytTBe9P4A27-MmloAqnjO.html.
Literature cited 2: Milton, D.J., Dube, A. and Gupta, S.S., Deposition of ejecta at Lonar Crater. Meteoritics, 1975, 10, 456. Bosavaih, N. et al., Physicochemical analyses of surface sediments from the Lonar Lake, central India-implications for palaeoenvironemtnal reconstruction. Fundam. Appl.Limnol., 2014, 184/1, 51-68.

ID: 62310
Title: Identification of heavy metal pollution source due to idol immersion activity across the Cauvery river basin, Tamil Nadu, South India
Author: Vinothkannan Anbazhagan, Rajaram Rajendran, Ganeshkumar Arumugam and Arun Ganeshan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 200-208 (2021)
Subject: Identification of heavy metal pollution source due to idol immersion activity across the Cauvery river basin, Tamil Nadu, South India
Keywords: Geo-accumulation index, heavy metals, idol immersion, pollution load index, river basin
Abstract: Idol immersion activities alter the hydrological parameters of an aquatic body. However, relevant research in the Cauery river basin in terms of idol immersion activity has been limited. In the present study, a total of 29 water and topsoil samples were collected from the Cauvery basin before and after idol immersion, and evaluated for the presence of metals. The experimental results showed elevated Cd and Pb levels in water and sediment samples of both Cauvery and Kollidam rivers. Strong statistical significance was observed for al the elements studied in the soil samples collected before and after idol immersion ( P<0.01) .Industrial effluents, textile waste, untreated sewage, municipal waste and agricultural activities are the most common causes of elevated levels of heavy metals in the study area. Further, geo-accumulation index and pollution load index studies showed lesser impact of idol immersion on metal distribution compared to other sites reported from India. However, strict regulatory policies of the concerned authorities help maintain the quality of the Cauvery basin.
Location: T E 15 New biology building
Literature cited 1: Dong, Z.R., Diversity of river morphology and diversity of bio-communities .J. Hydraul. Eng, 2003, 11, 1-6. Meybeck, M., Total mineral dissolved transport by world major rivers/Transport en sels dissous des plus grands fleuves mondizux.Hydrol.Sci.Bull., 1976, 21 (2), 265-284.
Literature cited 2: Milliman, J.D.and Meade, R.H., World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans .J. Geol., 1983, 91 (1), 1-21. Alloway, B.J., Heavy meals in soils. In sources of Heavy Metals and Mettaloids in Soils (ed.Alloway B.J.) Blackie Academic and professional Publisher, Springer, London, UK, 1995, p.368.

ID: 62309
Title: Fusion of complementary information of SAR an d optical data for forest cover mapping using random forest algorithm
Author: Naveen Veerabhadraswamy, Guddappa M.Devagiri and Anil Kumar Khaple
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 193-199 (2021)
Subject: Fusion of complementary information of SAR an d optical data for forest cover mapping using random forest algorithm
Keywords: Forest cover, mapping, multi-sensor data fusion, principal component analysis, remote sensing , random forest algorithm
Abstract: We developed a methodological faramework for accurate forest cover mapping of Shivamogga taluk, Karnataka, India using multi-sensor remote sensing data. For this, we used Sentinel-2 optical data. These data –sets were fused sing principal component analysis technique, and forest cover areas were classified using a random forest (RF) algorithm. Backscater analysis was performed to understand the variation in Y° values between forest and non-forest sample points. The average Y° values of forest were higher than non-forest samples in VH and VV polarizations. The average Y° backscatter difference between forest and non-forest samples was 8.50 dB in VH and 5.64 dB in VV polarization. The highest classification accuracy of 92.25% was achieved with the multi-sensor fused data compared to the single –sensor SAR (78.75%) and optical (83.10%) data. This study demonstrates that F classification of multi-sensor data fusion improves the classification accuracy by 13.50% and 9.15%, compared to SAR and optical data.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Devaney, J., Barrett, B., F., Redmond, J. and O’Halloran, J., Forest cover estimation in Ireland using radar remote sensing: a comparative analysis of forest cover assessment methodologies .PLoS ONE, 2015, 10 (8), 1-27. Reddy, C.S., Jha, C.S. and Dadhwal, V.K., Assessment and monitoring of long-term forest cover changes (1920-2013) in Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. J. Earth Syst. Sci, 2016, 125, 103-114.
Literature cited 2: Kellndorfer, J., Cartus, O., Bishop, J,. Walker, W., a and Holecz, F., aperture radar data. In Land Applications of Radar Remote Sensing (eds Holecz, F. et al.) Intech Open, Rijeka, Croatia, 2016, pp. 59-94. Reddy, C.S., Jha, C.S., and Dadhwal, V.K., Earth observations based conservation prioritization in Western Ghats, India. J. Geol. Soc. India, 2018, 92, 562-567.

ID: 62308
Title: Protein hydration
Author: M.R.N.Murthy
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 186-192 (2021)
Subject: Protein hydration
Keywords: Protein hydration
Abstract: A hydration shell surrounds protein in solution. The structures of proteins at atomic resolution presently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) provide detailed information on the mode of hydration and plausible roles of water molecules in protein structure and function. This article presents an analysis of water structure in proteins determined at atomic resolution. Water molecules bind to proteins by making hydrogen bonds with oxygen and nitrogen atoms with oxygen as the preferred atom. The mean length of hydrogen bonds between oxygen and water is shorter than that of nitrogen and water. However, the mean thermal parameter of water molecules hydrogen-bonded to oxygen atoms is higher than that of water molecules of hydrogen-bonded to nitrogen atoms. Water molecules of the first hydration shell are stabilized by hydrogen bonding with protein atoms, while the stability of the second hydration shell is derived from hydrogen bonding with molecules of the first shell. The number of molecules in the second and higher shells is less than half of that of the first shell. As could be expected, the mean thermal parameter of molecules is higher in the second shell compared to that of the first shell. The number of water molecules buried in protein interfaces increases with increasing size of protein .In several proteins, water molecules form hydrogen-bonded networks that could cover a larger part of the protein surface. Pentagonal and tetrahedtral arrangements of hydrogen-bonded water molecules could be observed in several structures. Strongly bound water molecules with low thermal parameters appear to be essential for maintaining the loops in appropriate positions. Tightly bound water molecules are also found at the active site of some proteins. These molecules may play important roles in protein function.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Hsu,C. Ward, C., Pearlman, R., Nguyen, H., Yeung, D. and Curley, J., Determining the residual moisture in lyophilized protein paharmaceuticals.Dev.Biol.Standard, 1992, 74, 255-270. Maurer, M. and OOstenbrink, C., Water in protein hydration and ligand recognition. J. Mol. Recogn., 2019, 32, e2810.
Literature cited 2: Perason, F., Soderhjelm, P. and Halle, B., The geometry of protein hydration. J. Chem. Phys., 2018, 148, 215101. Yang, Y., Hu, B. and Markus, A.L., Analysis of factors influencing hydration site prediction based on molecular dynamics simulations. J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2014, 54, 2987-2995.

ID: 62307
Title: Generation of sub-pixel-level maps for mixed pixels in hyperspectral image data
Author: Prem Kumar and Somdatta Chakravortty
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 166-176 (2021)
Subject: Generation of sub-pixel-level maps for mixed pixels in hyperspectral image data
Keywords: Hyperspectral data, mapping algorithms, pure and mixed pixels, spectral channels
Abstract: Hyperspectral data find wide applications in classification and mapping of pure and mixed pixels in images of different land-cover types. Hyperspectral data of high spectral resolution enhance discrimination of target objects; but the low spatial resolution poses a challenge due to creation of mixed pixels. The cost of acquiring image at high resolution from sensors is high and rarely available. With images of coarser spatial resolution, it is difficult to identify the endmembers and their locations within the mixed pixel. This study utilizes the fractional abundance values of target endmembers obtained from linear spectral unmixing in locating the sub-pixels of a mixed pixel. The study illustrates the preparation of classified maps of finer spatial resolution by locating the sub-pixels through different mapping algorithms. A comparative analysis of these mapping algorithms, viz. attraction model-based sub-pixel mapping , simulated annealing, neighbourhood connectivity, cosine similarity-based mapping and Markov random field-based mapping and Markov random field based mapping has been made and output generated. The algorithms have been implemented on standard hyperspectral datasets of Indian Pines having 200 spectral channels, Pavia University of 103 spectral channels and Jasper Ridge of 198 spectral channels. It has been observed that simulated annealing-based mapping produces higher accuracy rate than the other algorithms, whereas in terms of execution time, attraction model takes lesser time. The accuracy has been validated with the ground reference map of available standard hyperspectral datasets on which each algorithm has been tested and analysed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Atkinson, P.M., Mapping sub-pixel boundaries from remotely sensed images .In Innovation inGIS4 (ed. Kemp, Z.), Taylor and Francis, Bristol, PA, 1997, pp.166-169. Villa, A. Chanussot, J., Benediktson, J.A., and Jutten, C., Spectral unmixing for the classification of hyperspectral images at a finer spatial resolution.IEEE J.Sel.Top.Signal Process., 2011, 5 (3) , 521-533.
Literature cited 2: Choodarathnakar, A.L., Kumar, T.A., Koliwad, S.and Patil, C.G.Mixed pixels: a challenge in remote sensing data classification for improving performance .Int.J.Adv.Res.Comput.Eng.Technol., 2012, 1 (9), 261-271. Ling, F., Du, Y., Xiao, F, Xue, H.and Wu, S., Superresolution land-cover mapping using multiple subpixel shifted remotely sensed images.Int.J.Remote Sensing., 2010, 31 (19) , 5023-5040.

ID: 62306
Title: The Chennai Water Crisis: Insufficient rainwater or suboptimal harnessing of runoff?
Author: Sumant Nigam, Alfredo Ruiz-Barradas and Agniv Sengupta
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 43-55 (2021)
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 43-55 (2021)
Subject: The Chennai Water Crisis
Keywords: Climate change, monsoon rainfall, multidecadal variability, river basin, runoff
Abstract: Chennai experienced acute water shortage during 2019 summer, and four years prior, an early-winter deluge. Analysis of 116 years ( 1901-2016) of rainfall in Chennai Sub-basin shows a weak climate change signal: Winter monsoon rainfall, has slightly increased, especially in December. The much larger Cauvery basin to the south also exhibits a nondescript climate change signal in winter rainfall.Late summer ( September) rainfall in the Cauvery Basin has, however, precipitously declined in recent years (1987-2016).We show that that this decline , as well as the mid-20 the century increase, are attributable to natural multidecada climate-variability (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscilation) –cautioning against cavalier attributions of recent-period trends and the Chennai Water Crisis to climate change. Analysis of runoff-the rainwater leftover its hydrologic and atmospheric processing-shows that harnessing even half of the winter monsoon runoff in the Chennai Sub-basin can satiate the city’s water demand for about seven months; and without needing new reservoir facilities. The present analysis suggests that Chennai’s water woes arise not from insufficient rainwater, but from the suboptimal harnessing of related runoff.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mishra,A.K., Monitoring Tamil nadu flood of 2015 using satellite remote sensing .Nat. Hazards, 2016, 82, 1431-1434; doi: 10.1007/s11069-016-2249-5 The Economist, Next time by water .12 December 2015; https://www.economist.com/asia/2015/12/12/next-time-by-water .
Literature cited 2: Narasimhan, B., Bhallamudi, S.M., Mondal, A., Ghosh, S.and Majumdar, P., Chennai floods 2015: a rapid assessment interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 2016. Patel, k., Water Shortages in India, NASA’s Earth Observatory, 19 June 2019; https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145242/water-shortages-in-India.

ID: 62305
Title: Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk.and Curt) Donk from West Bengal, India on a new host
Author: Asit Baran De, Sayantan Jash
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 30-32 (2021)
Subject: Scytinostroma portentosum (Berk.and Curt) Donk from West Bengal, India on a new host
Keywords: Scytinostroma portentosum, Donk, West Bengal, India
Abstract: During a survey conducted during 2012-2019 to record naturally occurring host plants of different wood-rotting fungi, some basidiocarps of a species of Scytinostroma Donk were found to grow on a dead branch of a living plant of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (=artocarpus integrifolia L). belonging to family Moraceae causing white rot at Burdwan , West Bengal. India. These basidiocarps were studied both morphologically and anatomically for confirming the identification of this fungus. Each basidiocarp was collected separately in polythene bags. Thin sections of each basidiocarp were cut using sharp lades and put in 5 % KOH solution. Staining of the section was done with cotton blue and mounted in lactophenol.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Davidson, R.W., Campbell, W.A. and Blaisdell, D.J., J. gric. Res., 1938, 57, 683-695. Bujakiwwiz, A., Czech Mycol, 2002, 54 (1-2) , 101-104.
Literature cited 2: Gilbertson,R.L.,Martin, K.J. and Lindsey, J.P., Annotated Checklist and Host Index for Arizona Wood –rotting Fungi, Agricultural Experiment Station, The University of Arizona, Tuckson, USA, 1974, pp.1-48. Zhisu, Bi, Guoyang, Zheng and Taihui, Li, The Macrofungus Flora of China’s Gunag Donkg Province, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993, pp.1-711.

ID: 62304
Title: Design and development of multifunctional agroforestry for family farming
Author: K.T.Parthiban, Deepak Srivastava, A.Keerthika
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 27-28 (2021)
Subject: Design and development of multifunctional agroforestry for family farming
Keywords: Design and Development, multifunctional agroforestry, family faming
Abstract: According to the Global Action Plan on the Untied Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028, we all are living in the decade of family farming. This Action Plan aims to shed new light on what it means to be a family farmer in a rapidly changing world and highlights more than ever before, the important role farmers play in eradicating hunger and shaping our future of food. In family farming, agroforestry is a sustainable option for achieving food security and to earn income. Since the inception of agroforestry, organized research has been based on improved systems. It is also noticed that, over the years, emphasis on the study of indigenous systems has been sidelined or ignored. Some agroforestry systems have been ‘forgotten’ or ‘down-trodden’. The agroforestry concept has bas been changing each and every decade since 1970s.
Location: T E 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Food and agricultural Organization (FAO) and International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Decade of Family Farming 2019-2018.Global action Plan, Rome ,Italy, 2019. Nair, P.K.R., Viswanath, S., and Lubina, P.A., Agrofor. Syst., 2016, 91, 901-917.
Literature cited 2: Abate, et al. Agriculture at Cross Roads: International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology For Development (IAASTD) .Executive Summary of the Synthesis Report, Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2009.

ID: 62303
Title: When flowering of a species threatens its survival
Author: P.Surath Kumar, Gopal Shukla, Vineeta, Pankaj Panwar,Sumit Chakravarty
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2021
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 120 (1) 9-10 (2021)
Subject: When flowering of a species threatens its survival
Keywords: Flowering, species threatens, survival
Abstract: Flowering occurs once in a life cycle of bamboo, the reason for which is still elusive. Bambusa nutans is one of the important bamboo species in West Bengal, India and locally known as ‘makhlabas’. It is a medium-sized species which is largely cultivated in and around home-steads or farmlands. It shows naturally in North East India, West Bengal and some parts of Bangladesh. The species is also commercially cultivated in Thaialand. Flowering in this species was reported during 1894-1996, 1979-1980, 1987-1988 and 2008 in India, but there were no reports from Best Bengal. In general, bamboo exhibits two types of flowering, sporadic and gregarious. Generally gregarious flowering has been observed by mortality of its clumps.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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