ID: 63052
Title: Recent microseismicity in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh
Author: B.Naresh,P.Solomon Raju,G.Suresh,A.N.S.Sarma, R.Viajaya Ragavan,Satish Saha,D.Srinagesh
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (7) 1247-1247 (2018)
Subject: Recent microseismicity in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh
Keywords: microseismicity,Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract: The Nellore district in the Southeastern part of Andhra Pradesh is one of the nine coastal districts of the state. The microtremor activity in the district started in October 2015 and continued up to July 2016. During this period, a few hundred tremors were recorded by the temporary seismic network installed locally by the CSIR-NGRI. Apart from the data recorded by this network, those from the semipermanent seismic stations at Racherla, Addanki, Cuddapah, Srikalahasti and Srisailam were used in the study.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Srinagesh, D. et al., J. Geol. Soc. India,2015, 85, 419–430.
Ramam, P. K. and Murthy, V. N., Geol. Soc. India, 1997, 245.
Literature cited 2: Saha, D., Gondwana Res., 2002, 5, 701–719.
Kaila, K. L. et al., J. Geol. Soc. India, 1979, 20, 307–333.
ID: 63051
Title: Tree improvement and forest biotechnology
Author: Maneesh Singh Bhandari, Rajendra Kumar Meena, Harish Singh Ginwal, Ashok Kumar and Shailesh Pandey
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (7) 1242-1242 (2018)
Subject: Tree improvement and forest biotechnology
Keywords: Tree improvement, forest biotechnology
Abstract: A seminar on tree improvement and forest biotechnology was held recently, in which a total of 83 delegates representing 25 institutes from all over India participated. The seminar was divided into two technical sessions besides the inaugural and panel sessions. Ten invited lectures by eminent scientists were delivered during the seminar.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 63050
Title: Speed breeding for Indian Agriculture: a rapid method for development of new crop varieties
Author: M. Shivakumar, V. Nataraj, Giriraj Kumawat, V. Rajesh, Subhash Chandra, Sanjay Gupta and V. S. Bhatia
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (7) 1241-1241 (2018)
Subject: Speed breeding for Indian Agriculture: a rapid method for development of new crop varieties
Keywords: Indian Agriculture,Speed breeding, development of new crop varieties
Abstract: In agriculture, conventional breeding
takes a longer time for the development
of crop varieties with a minimum of 8–
10 years of breeding cycles. In the context of breeding, rapid generation advancement of segregating populations towards reaching homozygosity will facilitate genetic gain for key traits and the rapid development of improved cultivars. Extra-terrestrial experiments by NASA, USA, to grow crop seeds in space inspired scientists in the University of Queensland and University of Sydney in Australia to develop a speed-breeding platform.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/
01/180101144758.htm
Watson, A. et al., Nature Plants, 2018;
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
Literature cited 2: http://www.newsweek.com/growing-plantsspeed-breeding-could-be-key-feed-worldsexploding-population-767450
https://www.jic.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/
2018/01/speed-breeding/
ID: 63049
Title: Opportunities for forest landscape restoration in Uttarakhand, India using ROAM
Author: Bhaskar Ch.Joshi,G.P.Pande, G.C.S.Negi, R.s.Rawal,Rajesh Joshi,Subrat Sharma, D.S.Rawat, Anushree Bhattacharjee
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (7) 1234-1235 (2018)
Subject: Opportunities for forest landscape restoration in Uttarakhand, India using ROAM
Keywords: forest landscape restoration, Uttarakhand, India, ROAM
Abstract: Land degradation is a global problem
caused by a variety of factors or
processes which include soil erosion by
water/wind, deterioration in physical,
chemical and biological properties of soil
and loss of its productive potential.
Worldwide about 2 billion hectare of
degraded lands has opportunities of restoration. Estimates of degraded land in
India vary from 30 to 175 million hectare
(m ha)
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://www.iucn.org/theme/forests/ourwork/forest-landscape-restoration
http://www.dolr.nic.in/wasteland2010/wateland%20Introduction-%20f
Literature cited 2: http://www.dolr.nic.in/wasteland2010/uttarakhand.pdf
http://www.bonnchallenge.org
ID: 63048
Title: Water: Abundance, Scarcity, and Security in the Age of Humanity
Author: Jeremy J. Schmidt. reviewed by Sudhirendar Sharma
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1204-1204 (2018)
Subject: Water: Abundance, Scarcity, and Security in the Age of Humanity
Keywords: Water, Abundance, Scarcity, Age of Humanity
Abstract: Cape Town, South Africa may be the
first waterless city, but that humans are
drawing more than their geological share
of water should make us shudder as things are becoming worse before getting any better. From surplus to scarcity, human interference with global water systems has turned it into an issue of security, requiring new ways of managing water in the age of the Anthropocene. With the idea of stable water thrown into a tailspin, there is an urgent need to define ‘safe operating space’ for humans to work within the planetary boundaries for sustaining life and life forms.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 63047
Title: Impact of growing medium composition on morphological development of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Snowball)
Author: Tanya Thakur, H. S. Grewal and S. S. Kukal
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1198-1203 (2018)
Subject: Impact of growing medium composition on morphological development of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Snowball)
Keywords: Chrysanthemum, cocopeat, growing medium, morphological development
Abstract: The light-weight growing medium compositions were evaluated in the present study for optimum growth and flowering of potted Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Snowball. Plants were grown in six different potted medium compositions – control: garden soil + (farmyard manure (FYM) 2 : 1), cocopeat + FYM (1 : 1), cocopeat + FYM (2 : 1), vermiculite + FYM
(1 : 1), vermiculite + FYM (2 : 1) and cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM (1 : 1 : 1). Results revealed vegetative growth with maximum plant height, number of
leaves and root suckers per plant in the case of cocopeat + FYM (2 : 1), whereas flower quality, i.e. duration of flowering and flower diameter was highest in media vermiculite + FYM (2 : 1). Moreover, plants
showed significant (P < 0.05%) vegetative growth with better flowering time and quality in cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM (1 : 1 : 1). Therefore, the present findings suggest that for growing potted chrysanthemum cv. Snowball for display, light-weight growing medium composition of cocopeat + vermiculite + FYM
(1 : 1 : 1) is the best with better plant morphological development and sustained quality flower production.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dubey, R. K., Singh, S., Kukal, S. S. and Kalsi, H. S., Evaluation of different organic growing media for growth and flowering of
petunia. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2012, 44, 1777–1785.
Beckmann-Cavalcante, M. Z., Pivetta, K. F. L., Meinken, E. and Roeber, R., Growth of Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum in different peats and change of peat properties during cultivation. Acta Hortic., 2009, 819, 181–184.
Literature cited 2: Vendrame, A. W., Maguire, I. and Moore, K. K., Growth of selected bedding plants as affected by different compost percentages. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc., 2005, 118, 368–371.
Zhang, W., Fukai, S. and Goi, M., Morphology of capitulum initiation and floret development of Dendranthema species native to Japan. J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 1998, 67, 347–350.
ID: 63046
Title: Adopt and adapt nature’s design principles to create sustainable aquaculture systems
Author: Saleem Mustafa and Abentin Estim
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1195-1197 (2018)
Subject: Adopt and adapt nature’s design principles to create sustainable aquaculture systems
Keywords: Aquaculture, nature’s design, systems approach, sustainability.
Abstract: Sustainable development of aquaculture faces many constraints. An approach that offers solutions to these challenges is emulating nature’s patterns and strategies. There are many elements of sustainability employed by nature that can be adopted for aquaculture systems through necessary adjustments (or adaptations). Analysis of empirical data generated by a series
of experiments on different aquaculture systems generated new knowledge of practical importance. An outcome of the analysis pertaining to two important
aspects of aquaculture, the sex control in captive stocks of commercially important protogynous hermaphrodite grouper and the operation of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems is presented here.
Both cases serve as outstanding examples of the relevance of examining and applying nature’s principles for finding sustainable solutions to aquaculture problems.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hudd, A. M., Banh, Q. Q., Domingoes, J. A. and Jerry, D. R., Sex control in fish-approaches, challenges and opportunities for aquaculture. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 2015, 3, 329–355.
Mustafa, S., Hajini, M. H., Senoo, S. and Kian, A. Y. S., Conditioning of broodstock of tiger grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,
in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture Rep., 2015, 2,
117–119.
Literature cited 2: Chung, F. C., Komilus, C. F. and Mustafa, S., Effect of the creation of a marine protected area on populations of coral trout in the
coral triangle region. Regional Stud. Mar. Sci., 2017, 10, 1–9.
Warner, R. R., Mating behavior and hermaphroditism in coral reef fishes. Am. Sci., 1984, 72, 128–136.
ID: 63045
Title: Quality evaluation of pearl millet based pasta as affected by depigmentation..
Author: Kirti Jalgaonkar, S. K. Jha and Manoj Kumar Mahawar
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1191-1195 (2018)
Subject: Quality evaluation of pearl millet based pasta as affected by depigmentation
Keywords: Anti-nutritional properties, cooking, depigmentation, pearl millet
Abstract: The effect of depigmentation on colour, nutritional, Anti-nutritional, cooking and textural qualities of pasta prepared from pearl millet was studied. Depigmentation was achieved by soaking pearl millet grains
in hydrochloric acid of 0.2 N for 18 h at 28–32°C fol1owed by washing, blanching (98°C for 30 sec) and tray drying (50°C). Pasta prepared from 100% wheat semolina (WS), 100% native pearl millet flour (PMF)
and blend (50 : 50) of wheat semolina and native pearl millet flour (WS : PMF) were compared with pasta prepared from blend (50 : 50) of wheat semolina and depigmented pearl millet flour (WS : DPMF). It was observed that depigmentation significantly improved the colour of pasta and was very close to 100% wheat semolina pasta. Results also demonstrated that the
contents of fat, protein and ash of pasta made from PMF (100%), WS : PMF (50 : 50) and WS : DPMF (50 : 50) were higher than that of pasta prepared using WS (100%). Reduction in phytic acid (5.56%) and
trypsin inhibitor activity (5.27%) was observed with depigmentation in the WS : DPMF (50 : 50) pasta compared to WS : PMF (50 : 50) pasta. However, cooking and textural properties of pasta were not affected by depigmentation. Overall results of the study suggested that depigmentation technique was effective for
formulation of acceptable pearl millet products.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anon., 2016, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Govt. of India; ww.indiastat.com (accessed on 12 April 2016).
Gopalan, C., Rama Sastri, B. V. and Balasubramanian, S. C.,Nutritive value of Indian foods, National Institute of Nutrition,
ICMR, Hyderabad, India, 2004, 2nd edn, p. 47.
Literature cited 2: Simwemba, C. G., Hoseney, R. C., Varrino-Marston, E. and Zeleznak, K., Certain B vitamin and phytic acid contents of pearl millet 95 (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke). J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 31–34.
McDonough, C. M. and Rooney, L. W., Structural characteristics of Pennisetum americanum (pearl millet) using scanning electron and florescence microscopy. Food Microstruct., 1989, 8, 137–149.
ID: 63044
Title: Screening and enhancement of anaerobic germination of rice genotypes by pre-sowing seed treatments
Author: Dhonada Doley, Meghali Barua, Debojit Sarma and Purna K. Barua
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1185-1190 (2018)
Subject: Screening and enhancement of anaerobic germination of rice genotypes by pre-sowing seed treatments
Keywords: Anaerobic germination, pre-sowing seed treatment, priming, submergence tolerant.
Abstract: In the present study, 243 lowland rice genotypes were screened for anaerobic germination (AG) under 10 cm of flooding in plastic trays. Forty-three genotypes
showed anaerobic germination. Pre-sowing seed treatments of the genotypes by soaking, priming with water, 1% KCl and 5% PEG each for 24 h revealed enhanced AG and other seed germination parameters
under flooding compared to control. Priming could induce AG in the genotypes that failed to germinate under submerged condition. Hydro-priming and 1%
KCl priming found to be the best treatments showing the usefulness of pre-sowing seed treatments. Jalashree, Jalkuwari and Ranjit Sub1-C-376, having submergence tolerance, were identified as potential genotypes for AG and hence can be used in breeding programmes
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Barari, D., Gazanchian, A., Pirdashti, H. A. and Nasiri, M., Investigation of some agronomical traits of rice under different
transplanting dates, planting spaces and nitrogen fertilization levels in north of Iran. World Appl. Sci. J., 2009, 6(8), 1021–1027.
Alpi, A. and Beevers, H., Effects of O2 concentration on rice seedlings. Plant Physiol., 1983, 71, 30–34.
Literature cited 2: Guglielminetti, L., Yamaguchi, J., Perata, P. and Alpi, A., Amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Plant Physiol., 1995, 109, 1069–1076.
Ismail, A. M., Ella, E. S., Vergara, G. V. and Mackill, D. J., Mechanisms associated with tolerance for flooding during germination and early seedling growth in rice (Oryza sativa). Ann. Bot., 2009, 103, 197–209
ID: 63043
Title: A novel approach to calculate braiding of a large alluvial river
Author: Lalit Saikia, Chandan Mahanta and Suranjana Bhaswati Borah
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1179-1185 (2018)
Subject: A novel approach to calculate braiding of a large alluvial river
Keywords: Alluvial river, braiding, sandbars, Brahmaputra
Abstract: Braiding pattern in sixteen reaches of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India is discussed. A new braiding index has been introduced incorporating a fraction of area covered by sandbars, number of midchannel bars and maximum width of alluvial reach. Braiding parameters calculated using different formulae showed similar trend but higher values in 2014
compared to 1973. Increase of braiding in different reaches in 2014 was due to development of more sandbars and distributaries. The new index has shown
comparable result with other approaches and better correlation with sinuosity.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Brice, J. C., Index for description of channel braiding. Geol. Soc.Am. Bull., 1960, 71, 1833.
Brice, J. C., Channel patterns and terraces of the Loup Rivers in Nebraska. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1964, 422-D
Literature cited 2: Rust, B. R., A classification of alluvial channel systems. In Fluvial Sedimentology. Can. Soc. Petrol. Geol.: Alberta, 1978, 187–198.
Howard, A. D., Keetch, M. E. and Vincent, C. L., Topological and geometrical properties of braided streams. Water Resour. Res.,1970, 6, 1674–1688.
ID: 63042
Title: Characterization of Hg-based ayurvedic drug Kajjali: classical and contemporary approaches
Author: Vinamra Sharma, Amiya K. Samal, Shruti Pandey, Anand K. Chaudhary and Rajesh K. Srivastava
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1174-1178 (2018)
Subject: Characterization of Hg-based ayurvedic drug Kajjali: classical and contemporary approaches
Keywords: Kajjali, metacinnabar, sulphur, XRD
Abstract: This communication presents characterization of Kajjali, a mercury (Hg) based Indian traditional ayurvedic drug, by both ancient and contemporary methodology. For preparation of Kajjali, 225 g each of Shuddha Parada (purified mercury) and Shuddha Gandhak (purified sulphur), initially purified through
traditional methods of purification as described in ayurvedic literature, were manually triturated using stone mortar and pestle until it became a very fine
black coloured powder. This preparation process took up to ~78 h. Thereafter, Kajjali was characterized by classical and contemporary methods. Kajjali passed
the classical tests like Rekhapurnatwa, Slakshanatwa, Nishchandratwa and Varitara. XRD study confirmed that Kajjali contains mercury sulphide (HgS), identified as metacinnabar (cubic form of HgS), in addition to free sulphur. Composition of Kajjali has been determined by EDXA method, which validated the presence of 88.84% mercury and 11.16% sulphur.
SEM studies substantiated particle size distribution of Kajjali, which varied from 60 nm to 2 μm range. Such integration of classical and contemporary studies is
important, because such vital medicines should be characterized properly for safety and efficacy before their appropriate use for diseases.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sharma, V. and Chaudhary, A. K., Ayurvedic pharmacology and herbal medicine. Int. J. Green Pharm., 2015, 9(4), 192–197.
Krishna, G., Rasendra Sara Sangraha, Satyartha Prakash Hindi Commentary, Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 1992, 1st edn, 1/4-5, p. 5–6.
Literature cited 2: Vagbhatta, Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Bhasha Vodhini Commentary (ed. Kulkarni, D. A.), Meharchanda Lakshamana Publications,
New Delhi, reprint 2010, vol. 1/77, p. 9.
Sharma, S., Rasa Tarangini (ed. Shashtri, K.), Moti Lal Banarasidas, Varanasi, reprint 2009, 11th edn, vol. 5/101–108, pp. 97–98
ID: 63041
Title: Role of east–west shear zone and wind confluence on the occurrence of intense heavy rainfall over North Konkan during southwest monsoon season
Author: S. D. Sanap, S. Bhute and K. S. Hosalikar
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1154-1162 (2018)
Subject: Role of east–west shear zone and wind confluence on the occurrence of intense heavy rainfall over North Konkan during southwest monsoon season
Keywords: Heavy rainfall events, monsoon season, shear zone, wind confluence
Abstract: An attempt has been made to understand the mechanism in occurrence of intense heavy rainfall events over North Konkan and adjoining areas using observed,
satellite and reanalysis datasets. Synoptic conditions associated with Dahanu heavy rainfall event, 2016, Mumbai floods, 2005 and historical heavy rainfall events over North Konkan region are considered in
the present study. In presence of East–West shear zone with upper air cyclonic circulations extending up to mid-tropospheric levels located at west central Bay of Bengal, west Arabian Sea and anti-cyclonic circulation over east-central Arabian Sea were the major synoptic features observed during these events. Results suggest that the confluence of moisture-laden winds from these circulations over North Konkan lead
to the occurrence of intense heavy rainfall events.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Rao, Y. P., Southwest monsoon, India Meteorological Department. New Delhi, 1976, p. 376.
George, P. A., Effect of off-shore vortices on rainfall along the west coast of India. Indian J. Meteorol. Geophys., 1956, 7, 225–240.
Literature cited 2: Mukherjee, A. K., Rao, M. K. and Shah, K. C., Vortices embedded in the trough of low pressure off Maharashtra – Goa coasts during the month of July. Indian J. Meteorol. Hydrol. Geophys., 1978, 29, 61–65.
Mukherjee, A. K., Dimension of an offshore vortex in east Arabian Sea as deduced from observations during MONEX 1979:
ID: 63040
Title: Impact of cloud parameterization schemes on the simulation of cyclone Vardah using the WRF model
Author: C. P. R. Sandeep, C. Krishnamoorthy and C. Balaji
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1143-1153 (2018)
Subject: Impact of cloud parameterization schemes on the simulation of cyclone Vardah using the WRF model
Keywords: Cyclone Vardah, cumulus parameterization, microphysics parameterization, WRF
Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the sensitivity of cumulus and microphysics schemes when simulating the track, intensity and inner core structure of the
very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) Vardah using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Four cumulus parameterization schemes (CPS) and
six microphysics schemes (MPS) were used. Both the track and intensity of cyclone Vardah are seen to be sensitive to the CPS and MPS. New simplified Arakawa–Schubert scheme (NSAS) as CPS and Kessler
scheme (KS) as MPS combination has better predicted the track and intensity of the cyclone with respect to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) data
when compared to other schemes. To verify the robustness of the best set of schemes for cyclone Vardah, two random sets of schemes as well as the best set of schemes were run for cyclones Hudhud and Thane.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alam, M., Hossain, M. and Shafee, S., Frequency of Bay of Bengal cyclonic storms and depressions crossing different coastal
zones. Int. J. Climatol., 2003, 23, 1119–1125.
Webster, P. J., Myanmar’s deadly daffodil. Nat. Geosci., 2008, 1(8), 488–490.
Literature cited 2: Lin, I. I., Chen, C. H., Pun, I. F., Liu, W. T. and Wu, C. C., Warm ocean anomaly, air sea fluxes, and the rapid intensification of Tropical Cyclone Nargis, 2008. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, 36(3).
McPhaden, M. J. et al., Ocean-atmosphere interactions during cyclone Nargis. EOS, Trans. AGU, 2009, 90(7), 53–5
ID: 63039
Title: Occurrence, severity and association of fungal pathogen, Botrydiplodia theobromae with sudden death or decline of tree bean (Parkia timoriana, (DC.) Merr) in North Eastern India
Author: A. Ratankumar Singh, S. K. Dutta, S. B. Singh, T. Boopathi, S. Lungmuana, S. Saha, Vishambhar Dayal, Romila Akoijam, S. K. Sharma and N. Hemanta Singh
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1133-1142 (2018)
Subject: Occurrence, severity and association of fungal pathogen, Botrydiplodia theobromae with sudden death or decline of tree bean (Parkia timoriana, (DC.) Merr) in North Eastern India
Keywords: Botrydiplodia theobromae, north eastern India, Parkia timoriana, sudden death or decline disease, tree bean.
Abstract: Tree bean, Parkia timoriana is one of the most important perennial tree legume vegetable crops in north eastern region (NER) of India. Recently, sudden death or decline is emerging as a major constraint in
the production of tree bean. The revalence, intensity and etiology of this disease have not been extensively studied. The present work was aimed at studying the symptomology, severity and etiology of sudden death or decline of tree bean in the north eastern region of India. Typical symptoms of tree bean decline were
initiated with wilting of half portion of the tree, excessive shedding of leaves, gradual drying up leading to death, and secondary infestation by insects on dead trees. The highest disease severity of 68.5% was observed in warmer regions like Kolasib, Mizoram. During survey, small bark borer was recorded in all districts and levels of infestation rate (holes/ft2 of log) reached maximum up to 25.49 in Hnanthial of Lunglei district. Young trees in the range 1–10 years with 57.32% (917 trees) of total trees (1600) infected were most susceptible to the disease compared to 12.58%
(201 trees) infection in old trees in the range 21–30 years. The frequently associated pathogen with sudden death or decline of tree bean was identified as
Botrydiplodia theobromae at the Indian Type Culture Collection, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. It was the most aggressive species and proven to be pathogenic to tree
bean following artificial inoculation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Singh, R., Yadav, D. S. and Singh, T. R., Biodiversity in tree bean (Parkia roxburghii). Proceeding of the International Workshop on Agroforestry and Forest Products, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 28–30 November 2000.
Rocky, P., Sahoo, U. K. and Thapa, H. S., Livelihood generation through tree beans (Parkia roxburghii G.Don) in Imphal West district of Manipur. J. Nontimb. For. Prod., 2004, 11(2), 135–139
Literature cited 2: Longvah, T. and Deosthale, Y. G., Nutrient composition and food potential of Parkia roxburghii: a lesser-known tree legume of
north east India. Food Chem., 1998, 62, 477–481.
Narendra, B. H., Roshetko, J. M., Tata, H. L. and Mulyoutami, E., Prioritizing underutilized tree species for domestication in small holder systems of West Java. Small-Scale For., 2012; doi:10.1007/ s11842-012-9227-x
ID: 63038
Title: Sonar sensing predicated automatic spraying technology for orchards
Author: V. K. Tewari, Abhilash Kumar Chandel, Brajesh Nare and Satyaprakash Kumar
Editor: R. Srinivasan
Year: 2018
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 115 (6) 1115-1123 (2018)
Subject: Sonar sensing predicated automatic spraying technology for orchards
Keywords: Agricultural engenderment, efficient spraying, environment pollution, fruit infection, ultrasonic sensing technology.
Abstract: Wastage of chemical inputs and environmental degradation have been a serious issue with conventional methods of pesticide application in agricultural and
horticultural engenderment, resulting in fruit poisoning. A tractor-operated low-cost, ultrasonic sensor predicated selective pesticide sprayer was developed and tested for efficient spraying on the plant canopy
and to abstain from spraying in canopy absentia. Sensing technology was interfaced with programmed Atmega328P for automatic spray control through
pump, solenoid valves and nozzles. The sensing signals instigated the microcontroller system for desired
spraying. The sprayer was evaluated with two different types of nozzles for optimal input resulting in best spray coverage and impact fruit infection. Water sensitive papers were used for estimation of spray characteristics. The turbo nozzle sprayer resulted in 47.41% of spray coverage, 171 drops/cm2 with 26% of pesticide savings and considerably prevented fruit infection up to 95.64%. This proved to be much better than hollow cone nozzle spraying. The technology was provisioned for boom height and nozzle angle adjustment
as per canopy geometry. The ultrasonic sensor sprayer was designed for low cost and precise pesticide spraying especially for marginal farmers, thereby reducing both costs and environmental pollution by
plant protection products.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Maddison, P. and Bartlett, B., Contribution towards the zoogeography of the Tephritidae. In Fruit Flies, Their BEnemies and Control (eds Robinson, A. S. and Hooper, G.), World Crop Pests. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland, 1989, pp. 27–35.
Cross, J. V., Walklate, P. J., Murray, R. A. and Richardson, G. M., Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an
axial fan orchard sprayer: 1. Effects of spray liquid flowrate. Crop Prot., 2001, 20, 13–30.
Literature cited 2: Pergher, G., Calibration of air-assisted sprayers for applications in orchards. Inform. Fitopatol., 2006, 56, 8–11.
Gil, E., Escola, A., Rosell, J. R., Planas, S. and Val, L., Variable rate application of plant protection products in vineyard using ultrasonic sensors. Crop Prot., 2007, 26, 1287–1297.