ID: 51697
Title: Composting of Banana sheath
Author: G Balasubramanian, C Udayasoorian, P C Prabu and G Senthil Kumar
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Banana sheath, Triple inoculants, C:N ratio
Abstract: Effect of three inoculants such as Bacillus polymyxa, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Trichoderma viride as individual, dual and triple inoculants on composting of banana sheath was investigated. Due to triple inoculation, the period of composting was reduced by two months and the quality of compost was improved as compared with control. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents increased from 0.97, 0.06 and 0.18 and 0.06% to 1.6, 0.07, 0.36 and 0.15% in respect of the parameters in the composted material. Simultaneously, the reduction in the electrical conductivity from 0.8 to 0.3 dsm-1 was noticed, the loss of organic matter increased with decrease in C:N ratio of the sheath waste through triple inoculation but the total nitrogen content was very high when the C:N ration narrowed down from 37 to 15. The possibility of utilizing triple inoculation for accelerating the process of banana sheath composting for efficient recycling is indicated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51696
Title: Influence of soil solarization on weed dynamics and yield of hybrid maize
Author: D Kumar, G Senthil Kumar and R Jeyasrinivas
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Soil solarization, Weed management, Yield, Nutrient uptake
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted simultaneously during spring season of 1998 at Annamalai University Experimental Farm and in a farmer ' s field at Vallampadugai located at 8 km away from Annamalai University to study the influence of soil solarization in combination with various weed control measures on nutrient uptake by weeds and maize. The experiments consisted of three-soil solarization practices in main plot and five weed control measures in sub plot, which were replicated thrice in spilt plot design. The experimental results revealed that solarization for six weeks registered the lowest weed dry weight (271.7, 289.9 kg ha-1), nutrient removal by weeds (19.2, 11.2, 17.5 & 22.7, 13.3, 21.9 N P K kg ha-1) and higher grain yield (5435 & 5036 kg ha-1), nutrient uptake by crop (261.9, 39.4, 209.6 & 248.2, 36.7, 203.4 N P K kg ha-1). In sub plot treatments, application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg ha-1 recorded the least weed weight (351.1 & 373.8 kg ha-1), nutrients removal by weeds (11.9, 20.1, 21.1 & 21.1, 14.3, 23.4 kg N P K ha-1), highest grain yield (5220 & 4862 kg ha-1) and nutrient uptake (258.2, 40.2, 219.4 & 251.4, 38.9, 212.3 kg N P K ha-1) by the crop.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51695
Title: Influence of sewage irrigation on biological activities in the soil with wheat crop
Author: S R Salakinkop and C S Hunshal
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Sewage, Soil, Irrigation, Microorganisms, Dehdrogenase, Phosphatase
Abstract: The sewage irrigated land (since 25 years ) recorded significantly higher bacterial (4.3 x 10-5 g -1 ) and fungal (12.8 x 10-5 g -1 ) colonies, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes activity in the soil. It also recorded higher available nutrients in soil, grain yield of wheat crop (43.7q ha-1), protein (12.8%) and gluten (9.2%) than bore well irrigated land (since 5 years). Sources of irrigation also differed significantly producing the highest bacterial (4.1 x 10-5 g -1 ) and fungal colonies (12.8 x 10-5 g -1 ), phophatase and dehydrogenase enzymes ativity in sewage water irrigation treatment followed by alternate irrigation as sewage is good source of inorganic phosphorus (11.9 - 17.3 ppm). Irrigation with sewage water improved the performance of wheat crop as evidenced by higher grain yield (41.0 q ha-1), protein (12.8 %) and dry gluten (8.9%) than bore well water irrigation. The colonies of micro-organisms on grain surface did not influence by sources of irrigation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51694
Title: Transformation of phsophorus as aluminium bound phosphorus and iron bound phosphorus in vertisol under sunflower-jowar cropping sequence
Author: P T Goroji, S Channakeshava, P A Sarangmath and Anand Naik
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Phosphorus, Transformation, Sun flower-Jowar cropping
Abstract: An investigation on the effect of different phosphorus sources with organic manure on aluminium bound P and iron bound P in vertisol under sunflower - jowar cropping sequence was carried out at Annigere, Dharwad. The study revealed that higher Al-P content (17.2 & 15.0 ppm) recorded with DAP at harvest of sunflower and jowar, respectively. However, addition of organic manure (FYM) with DAP (17.9 & 19.5 ppm) increased the Al-P significantly compared to without FYM at harvest of both sunflower and jowar, respectively. The similar results were also observed with other treatements and Al-P was increased in the order of DAP>SSP>SSP+MRP, MRP+Pyrite>MRP+Pyrite+PSB>MRP+PSB>MRP>control (without P) with and without manure at harvest of both sunflower and jowar, respectively. The similar effect was also noticed with iron P in soil. However, significantly higher iron P was recorded with DAP (32.5 & 29.5%) without FYM when compared to MRP at harvest of both sunflower and jowar, respectively. Unlike Al-P, addition of organic manure decreased Iron P in soil (7.8 & 4.5 percent) irrespective of P sources at harvest of both sunflower and jowar, respectively. The value of Al-P in soil greater than Fe-P when phosphorus source applied with FYM and these fractions are readily availble to crops. Hence the amount of these fractions decides the extent of availability P in soil for growth and yield of crops.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51693
Title: Iron nutrition in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) crop grown in calcareous vertisols
Author: B Basavaraj and D S Uppar
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Iron nutrition, Groundnut, Vertisols
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in a farmer ' s field during kharif 2005 to study the effect of different remedial methods to overcome lime-induced iron chlorosis and to increase the crop yield and also to assess the iron uptake and examine the changes in solution and DTPA-Fe in soil during the crop growth stages of groundnut (var. TMV-2). Foliar application of 0.5 percent of Fe-EDTA and FeSO47H2O were applied at flowering, pegging and pod formation stages. The other treatments were soil application of 25 kg per ha of FeSO47H2O and 6 kg per ha of Fe-EDTA and raised bed land configuration. Water soluble and DTPA-Fe concentration in soil were increased at flowering, pegging and pod formation stages with soil application of 25 kg per ha of FeSO47H2O and 6 kg per ha of Fe-EDTA. Foliar treatments resulted in high Fe2+ concentration in plants over the critical limit (40 mg Fe2+ / kg on dry weight basis), a level at which plants can be considered as non-chlorotic, while Fe2+ concentration of plants in the treatments where Fe was applied to soil fell below the critical limit at different growth stages although there was an increase of Fe2+ compared of RDF alone. Foliar and soil application treatments resulted in increased pod and haulm yield of groundnut over RDF treatment by increasing plant height, number of pods per plant and , TDM and lesser visual chlorosis rating (VCR). All the remedial treatments resulted in significantly high Fe uptake by haulm over RDF alone.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51692
Title: Methods of irrigation and mulching on nutrient uptake, water saving and yield of summer cotton
Author: P Thukkaiyannan, N Satheesh Kumar and N K Prabhakaran
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Nutrient uptake, Water saving, Summer Cotton, Yield
Abstract: Field investigations were carried out at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Farm, Coimbatore during summer 2002 and 2003 seasons to study the influence of irrigation and mulching on growth and yield of summer cotton MCU 12. Modified methods of irrigation (alternate furrow method, skip furrow method & paired row furrow method) influenced nutrient uptake by cotton. In paired row furrow method of irrigation there was significantly higher nitrogen uptake of 77.17 kg N ha-1 than skip furrow method (63 kg N ha-1) at summer 2003 and in skip furrow method of irrigation had significantly higher potassium uptake of 108 kg K ha-1 than alternate furrow method of irrigation (100.6 kg K ha-1) at summer 2002. The mulching of polythene sheet conserved more soil moisture and substantial enhancement of nutrient uptake was observed with paired row furrow method of irrigation followed by all furrow method with polythene sheet mulching. The yield was significantly higher (16.1 & 16.9 q ha-1 at summer 2002 & 2003 respectively) in paired row furrow method of irrigation than skip furrow method (12.2 & 13.2 q ha-1 at summer 2002 & 2003 respectively).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51691
Title: Effect of nutrient management strategies on growth and nutrient dynamics of blackgram under rainfed cotton based inter cropping system
Author: S D Sivakumar, B Gururajan, K Thirukumaran, S Karunanithi, R Umashankar and C Babu
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Vermicompost, Intercropping, Coir pith, Blackgram, Cotton
Abstract: Field experiements were conducted during rabi seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aruppukottai, to study the performance of black gram under different sources of nutrient supply. Among the nutrient sources, application of vermicompost at 50 percent N substitution registered the highest growth attributes; yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake than other treatements. This was followed by bio-digested weed compost at 50 percent N substitution and composted coirpith at 50 percent N substitution. Significant reduction in growth attributes, yield attributes and yield were observed under 100 percent NP applied as inorganic fertilizers to base crop, while it was on par with composted coirpith and bio-digested weed compost both applied at 100 percent N substitution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51690
Title: Distribution of five species of water striders (Heteroptera;Gerridae) in erode area, Tamil Nadu
Author: S Santhi
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Gerrids, Water striders, Alary dimorphism, Lotic, Lentic, Wing polymorphism
Abstract: Distribution of five species of water striders (Tenagogonus (Limnometra) fluviorum Fabricius, Neogerris parvulus Stal, Aquarius adelaidis Dohrn, Limnogonous fossarum fossarum Fabricius and Limnogonous nitidus Mayr) (Heteroptera; Gerridae) found in seven taluks of Erode District, Tamil Nadu were studied. T.fluviorum was abundant in Erode District followed by L.nitidus. L.nitidus was wide, spread among the five species, as they occurred at 83 of the 150 sites and accounted for 24.1 percent, whereas T.fluviorum was present at 49 sites comprising the maximum of 27.9 percent. The species found in least density was L.fossarum (13%). All of these species never occurred together in any of the sites. It was observed that N.parvulus shows preference for lotic habitat, but T.fluviorum, and A.adelaidis prefer lentic habitat. The remainig two species L.fossarum and L.nitidus exist in both lotic as well as lentic habitats. Alary dimorphism is exhibited by all the species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51689
Title: Biofileration of dye effluent using Eichhornia crassipes
Author: M.Vasanthy and A Geetha
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, Reactive dyes, Industrial effluent, Biofilteration
Abstract: Water hyacinth based treatment system could be used to treat sewage and industrial effluents due to its low cost, growth in sewage and due to its maximum pollutants removal capacity. Different concentrations of aqueous dye containing PBBMR + POM2R solutions (10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 ppm) were prepared. Young saplings of Eichhornia crassipes were introduced into aqueous dye solutions and dyeing industry effluent. About 100% colour reduction has been noticed for 10, 20 and 30 ppm dye solutions after 48 hrs. The colour imparted by 40 ppm PBBMR + POM2R solution has been completely removed after 6 days, whereas the colour imparted by 50 ppm solution has been removed after 7 days. With dyeing industry effluent, a maximum of 33% hardness reduction has been noticed. The colour has been completely removed within a time period of 48 hrs. Thus this study reveals the suitability of the plant E.crassipes for the effective removal of reactive dyes and other pollutants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51688
Title: Performance of kitchen waste based biogas plant
Author: S Sriramajayam
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Biogas, Methane, Kitchen waste, Biogas plants
Abstract: Studies were carried out using kitchen waste employing horizontal flow biogas plant of 9 m3digester volume installed at field in a school hostel. The maximum of 4.5 m3 day-1 of biogas with 67% methane content at the feed rate of 100 kg day-1 was obtained in cow dung mixed with kitchen wastes in the ratio of 2:1 with (10% total solids) 40 days Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). The volatile solids and carbon-nitrogen (C:N) ratios were 68.3% and 37.3. At the same conditions, kitchen waste alone produced 4.6 m3 biogas with 64% methane content at the feed rate of 100 kg day-1. It was obsered from the study about 774.4 kg of LPG was saved and 11 tonnes of manure were produced from the biogas plant per annum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51687
Title: Persistence of Coimbatore isolate of Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) in different soils
Author: D N Kambrekar and K A Kulkarni
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 2, March 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Persistence, Helicoverpa armigera, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Soils
Abstract: Persistence of the Coimbatore isolate of Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (Ha NPV) in different soils was investigated under laboratory conditions at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The computed half life of the isolate in black soil kept outdoors was 10.1 months, while it was 12.3 months for the same soil kept indoors. But, half life of HaNPV was 13.3 months when the virus treated red soil was kept outdoors while, it increased to 15.2 months for the same soil kept indoors. Further, the computed half life for the same isolate in black and red soil stored in refrigerator was 79 and 109.8 moths, respectively. Between the two soils, NPV treated red soil retained the virulence over a long period (109.81 months) compared to black soil (79.0 months).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51686
Title: VAM fungi associated with Azadirachta indica
Author: B S Vijaya Kumar and P Linga Reddy
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 1, February 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: VAM fungi, Azadirachta, VAM colonization
Abstract: VAM association has been found in the roots of Azadirachta indica. Three VAM species has been isolated and identified and they are found to be such as Glomus fasciculatum, G. macrocarpum, G. mosseae. Studies on VAM fungal colonization in the roots of neem revealed that the presence of vesicles and arbuscules indicating the mycorrhizal dependency. The percentage of VAM colonization of neem roots was ranging 70 to 80%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51685
Title: V A M Fungi of bamboo in the semi-arid soils of Puttaparthy, Andhra Pradesh
Author: B S Vijaya Kumar
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 1, February 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Fungi, Bambusa indica, VAM colonization
Abstract: VAM colonization has been found in the roots of Bambusa indica. Six VAM species have been isolated and identified and they were Glomus fasciculatum, Galbidum, G.tenue, G Segmentarium, G. mosseae and G. Etunicatum. Studies on VAM fungal association in the roots of bamboo revealed that the presence of vesicles and arbuscules indicating the mycorrhizal dependency.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51684
Title: Integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake of direct seeded low land rice
Author: R.Uma Shankar, C Babu, P Suresh Kumar and S.D. Sivakumar
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 1, February 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Direct seeded rice, Nutrient sources, Seed soaking, Nutrient uptake
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India on clay loam soils during Samba (August-January) 1998-99 and Kuruvai (July-October) 1999 seasons to study the impact of integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake of direct seeded low land rice. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiments results revealed that enriched Farm Yard Manure (FYM) + neem cake blended urea + K in combination with seed soaking with Penshibao and Azospirillum favorably increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake during Samba and Kuruvai seasons over control (Conventional NPK + water soaking ).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51683
Title: Effect of intercropping systems and nutrient management practices on growth and forage yield of Dinanath Grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum)
Author: S Senthivel, V K Paulpandi and K Indira
Editor: Dr.S.Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 22, No 1, February 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Enviornmetal Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Dinanath, Inter cropping, Green fodder yield
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted during the kharif and rabi seasons of 1996-97 and 1997-98 with different inter cropping systems viz., Sole Dinanath, Dinanath + Cowpea, Dinanath + Clusterbean and Dinanath + Sunnhemp and with different nutrient management practices viz, application of no fertilizer, azospirillum @ 2.0 kg/ha + 60:40:30 kg NPK/ha, farmyard manure @ 12.5 t/ha + 60:40:30 kg NPK/ha inorganic fertilizer @ 80:40:30 kg NPK/ha, azospirillum 2.0 kg/ha + 80:40:30 kg NPK/ha, farmyard manure @ 12.5 t/ha + 80:40:30 kg NPK/ha. It was found that Dinanath + cowpea inter cropping system recorded higher green fodder production (28.89 & 29.92 t/ha during kharif and rabi, respectively) followed by Dinanath + sunnhemp intercropping system (32.37 & 33.42 t/ha during kharif and rabi, respectively) and application of farmyard manure @ 12.5 t/ha + 80:40:30 kg NPK/ha recorded higher green fodder production (32.73 & 33.42 t/ha during kharif and rabi, respectively).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None