ID: 51952
Title: Antimicrobial activity of Heliotropium indicum and Coldenia procumbens
Author: M Boominathan and V Ramamurthy
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, No 1 , February 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Heliotropium indicum, Coldenia procumbens, Antimicrobial activity, Phytochemicals
Abstract: Ethanol extracts of Heliotropium indicum and Coldenia procumbens were used traditionally in India for the treatment of skin diseases. The present study was investigated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogens namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas auroginosa, Klebsiella pnemonia, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Candida albicans using the well diffusion method. The results indicated that the leaf extract possessed the highest inhibitory against both bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus-22mm) and fungi (Candida albicans - 24 mm). Among the leaf extracts, H. indicum possess the highest inhibitory activity. The cytotoxicity and the therapeutic index of selected active extracts were also determined. Pytochemcial analysis of all the extracts revealed that the antimicrobial activity of the plant material is due to the presence of phenolic compounds.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51951
Title: Effect of vermicompost on vegetation growth and fruiting in Hibiscus esculentus
Author: V Sivapandian, S Nithya, N Sathish Kumar, S Rita and M Ramaswamy
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, No 1 , February 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Hibiscus esculentus, Vermicompost, Vegetative growth, Fruiting
Abstract: Effects of the pre-digested mixtures and vermicomposts of leaf litter and paddy straw on vegetative growth, patterns of flowering and fruiting are investigated in Hibiscus esculentus L (var.TKM) under polythene bag and pot culture. Among the two substrates namely leaf litter and paddy straw, the vermicompost of paddy straw supported increased shoot length (ranging from 5.1 cm to 19.7 cm after 24th day of growth) compared to vermicompost of the leaf litter (ranging from 2.9 cm to 17.0 cm after 24th day of growth). Vermicompost had a better effect on shoot length (ranging from 5.1cm to 19.7 cm in the case of vermicompost of paddy straw and from 2.9 cm to 17.0 cm in the case of vermicompost of leaf litter following 25 days of growth) than their corresponding predigested mixtures (ranging from 1 cm to 11 cm in the case of predigested mixture of leaf litter and from 1.8 cm to 17.9 cm in the case of predigested mixture of paddy straw) which probably indicates the ready availability of nutrients in the vermicomposts compared to predigested mixtures. While amendment of soils with nutrient substrates is highly essential for rooting in the plant, the vermicomposts of leaf litter stimulated both the formation of secondary and tertiary roots (from 6 to 10 secondary roots and 1 to 6 tertialy roots) when compared to that of paddy straw (only 1 to 12 secondary roots and no tertiary root growth). The enormous (+147%) increase in the leaf area of H. esculentus in leaf litter vermicompost-amended soil (compared to plants in other treatments) probably favours increased photosynthetic activity which might lead to increased yield of the plant.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51950
Title: Optimization of callus induction in Ocimum gratissimum
Author: M Margaret Usha Rani and M Suriya Vathana
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum, Callus induction, Optimization
Abstract: In vitro multiplication of Ocimum gratissimum was achieved using thin section of nodes as explant source. Thin section of nodes (1.0-1.5 mm), were cultured on MS medium containing varying concentrations of different growth regulators IAA-Indole 3-acetic acid, NAA-Naphthalene acetic acid, 2,4-Dichloropenoxy acetic acid . The callus initiation by 2,4-D at different concentrations (MS+0.5, 1.0, 1.5,2mg/l) showed significant callus rating (60,75,85 &95%), respectively. MS+2mg/l 2,4-D showed very good, callus rating, while IAA and NAA failed to initiate callus induction at (MS+1mg/l and MS+2mg/l) in O.gratissimum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51949
Title: Effect of cadmium in the histology of gill of estuarine clam Meretrix casta
Author: K Saravanan and R Subramanian
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Cadmium, Meretrix casta, Gill, Histopathology
Abstract: Histopathological changes in the gill of clam Meretrix casta exposed to sublethal concentration of cadmium at the level of 10 and 30% of LC50 value for 96 hrs were studied. The gill of the clam(control) is well organized with gill filaments, inter lamellar spaces and inter lamellar junction. But the gill exposed to 10% sublethal concentration of cadmium exhibited disorganized gill filaments, inter lamellar space and inter lamellar junction. The 30% of sublethal concentration of cadmium affected very much and severe necrosis of gill filament, Inter lamellar spaces and inter lamellar junction were noted.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51948
Title: Nutrient uptake and productivity of sugarcane as influenced by irrigation levels, trash mulching and biofertilizers
Author: R Kandasamy, A Amudha, G Manickam and K Wahab
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Surgarcane, Irrigation, Mulching, Nutrient uptake, Yield
Abstract: Field investigations were conducted during 2001 to 2003 cropping seasons to ascertain the effect of moisture regimes along with and without application of trash mulching under varied doses of inorganic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers viz., Acetobacter and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on nutrient uptake and yield of sugarcane. Irrigating sugarcane with the IW/CPE ratios of 0.75 and 0.50 respectively at tillering to grand and at maturity under trash mulching + application of recommended NPK + Acetobacter @ 10 kg ha-1 + VAM @ 50 kg ha-1 significantly registered higher uptake of NPK nutrients and increased cane yield.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51947
Title: Species composition and population characteristics of rice field anurans of Barak Valley, North East India
Author: Chhaya Roy (Kundu)
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Anurans, Diversity, Species richness, Frequency, Abundance, Density, Dominance
Abstract: The population dynamics of anuran species in four paddy fields of Barak Valley, (Singari Basti & Uttar Krishnapur in Cachar, Dorakona in Karimganj & Narayanpur in Hailakandi District), Assam has been studied from 2002 to 2005. Four different species of anurans were found to inhabit the paddy field ecosystm, viz., Hoplobactrachus tigerinus, Fejervarya limnocharis, Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis, of the family Ranidae and Duttaphrynus melanostictus (family-Bufonidae). Population density, frequency analysis and relative abundance of Fejervarya limnocharis was the most dominant (94%) followed by E. cyanophlyctis, D.melanostictus and H.tigerinus. Their populations were found to fluctuate (37%-94%) seasonally with change of temperature and relative humidity. The abundance of F.limnocharis was also found to be significantly correlated with rainfall. The study revealed that out of four sampling sites the diversity of amphibia in Dorakona site was the highest (1.3%) In Singari Basti, dominance of F.limnocharis is revealed by evenness value (E=0.808). The time of survey periods, viz., from 5:30-9:30 PM revealed that peak period of activity of the anuran was between 7:30-8:30 PM (54.7%) followed by 6.30 to 7.30 PM (24.3%), 8.30-9.30 PM (14.2%), 5.30-6.30 PM (5.9%)
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51946
Title: Evaluation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) germplasm for germination and vigour index through leaching method
Author: S. Padmapriya, N Chezhiyan and V A Sathiyamurthy
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Coriander, Germplasm, Leaching, Germination, Vigour index
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to determine and improve the germination capacity of the different germplasm accessions of coriander available at TNAU, Coimbatore by leaching method. The mean germination recorded for different accessions of coriander was around 50 percent having a range from 35 to 77 percent. Among the accessions studied, CS33 performed well with respect to germination (77%), root length (12.6 cm), shoot length (11.4cm) and vigour index(2629). Regarding the days for final count, it was observed that it can be taken on 15-17 days on average. The study revealed that in leached accessions there was nearly 30-40% increase in germination. The root and shoot length were increased phenomenally in leached (9.5, 7.2 cm) compared to unleached (8.7, 6.8 cm) treatments, respectively. The vigour index of the accessions in leaching treatments showed significantly variations among themselves. The combination of CS33 x leached followed by RCR41 x leached showed increased vigour of 2988 and 2911, espectively. Hence, it is obvious that a substantial improvement in germination of coriander by leaching method was equally cost effective and less labour intensive technique to be practiced by the farming community.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51945
Title: Influence of mycorrhizal mulberry leaves on economic characters of silkworm larvae Bombyx mori
Author: R Subramanian and K Saravanan
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: VAM fungi, Economic characters, mulberry leaves, Bombyx mori
Abstract: This investigation was undertaken to study the association of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi of mulberry plants and leaves on economical characters of cocoon, pupal, shell weights and shell ratio of the larvae of Bombyx mori. The mean values of the weight of cocoons of larvae fed with control mulberry was 2.2g. Where as the value of the weight of cocoons of larvae fed with Glomus aggregatum and G margarita were 3.3 g and 3g, respectively. The pupal weight of the larvae fed with control mulberry was 1.9 g. In the larval groups fed with mulberry inoculated with G. aggreatum and G.margarita, the pupal weights were 2.6 and 2.5g, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51944
Title: Effects of irrigation and fertilizer application on growth and yield of oilpalm (Elaeis guinensis)
Author: R Veeraputhiran, K Rajendran and S Ramanathan
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Oil palm, Yield, Irrigation, Fertilizer
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai from October 1999 to June 2001 in Tenera Hybrid oil palm trees to find out suitable method and optimum fertilizer dose and their effects on growth and yield of oil palm. The results revealed that basin method of irrigation based on evaporation significantly improved the growth parameters viz., plant height, girth, number of leaves per palm and rate of leaf production as compared to drip and no irrigation. Fertilizer application at 1200:600:2700 g NPK/palm/year recorded significantly higher growth attributes than lower dose of NPK. Palms irrigated through basin method and applied with higher fertilizer dose significantly increased the yield attributes like number of female flowers, number of fruitlets per bunch and single fruit weight in all the years of experimentation. The Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) were also significantly higher under basin irrigation with application of 1200:600:2700 g NPK/palm/year. Adequate irrigation through basin method coupled with higher fertilizer at 1200:600:2700 g N:P2 O5 :K2 O/palm/year is necessary for good growth and sustainable productivity in oil palm.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51943
Title: Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in Lower Manair Dam (LMD) and Kakatiya Canal (KC), Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh
Author: U Anitha Devi and M A Singara Charya
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Lower Manair Dam, Kakatiya Canal, Chemical Oxygen Demand
Abstract: Chemical Oxygen Demand levels in Lower Manair Dam and Kakatiya Canal waters, Andhra Pradesh were estimated during July 1999 to June 2001 at monthly intervals. The COD level varied between 10 and 190 mg/l with seasons and with release of chemical substances from agricultural wastes and sewages. The highest COD value was recorded at site I, Jagtial (190 mg/l) of Kakatiya Canal. The average COD values in dam waters were ranged between 81 and 141 mg/l during 1999-2000 and 34 to 162 mg/l during 2000-2001.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51942
Title: Phosphorus fixing capacity in the acid soils of selected agroclimatic zones of Karnataka
Author: P K M Prashanth, G P Santhosh and C R Jahir Basha
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Phosphorus fixing capacity, Acid soils, Karnataka
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fixation capacity of ten surface soil samples representing different agro climatic zones of Karnataka was determined. The soil samples were analyzed for physico chemical properties and the relationship between P fixation capacity and soil properties were statistically worked out. The amount of P fixed is maximum in Mudigere surface soils (83.3 mg kg-1), while least P fixation was observed in Mandaghadde surface soil samples (53.5 mg kg-1). Except Mandaghadde soils most of the soils fixed more than 70 percent of the added P. The amount of P fixed and the maximum P fixation capacity of the soils showed highly significant positive correlations with clay, free oxides, and negative correlation with the available ' P ' content. The soil factors contributed to 80 to 83 percent the variations in the amount of ' P ' fixed at various levels of added ' P ' and also of the maximum fixation capacity. The soil factors along with the concentration of added ' P ' accounted for 87 percent of the amount of ' P ' fixed at different levels of ' P ' added to soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51941
Title: Partial purification of xylanase from Aspergillus flavus
Author: S Gnana Soundari and V Sashi
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Xylanase, Aspergillus flavus, Liquid state fermentation, Wheat bran
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the xylanase production from Aspergillus flavus. Several agro residues such as wheat bran, rice bran, sugar cane bagasse, Cyanodon grass, Sorghum stem were tested for the maximum xylanase production. Among the tested agroresidues wheat bran promoted maximum xylanase production at pH 6.5 and temperature 35oC under the static conditions. In order to find the molecular weight of the xylanase produced by A. flavus, the partial purification was carried out in DEAE cellulose column. The partially purified enzyme yielded a molecular weight at 102 kDa and 87 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for activity of the enzyme was 40oC and 6.0
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51940
Title: Plant community organizations in Theni Forests division, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu
Author: C Subramanian and C Ramesh Kumar
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Theni Forest, Community organization, Western ghats
Abstract: Five distinctive habitats viz., Southern Deciduous Scrub Forest, Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest, Southern Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest, Miscellaneous + Plantation and Southern Sub Tropical Hill Forest were classified with six plant community associations in Theni Forest division, Western ghats of Tamil Naddu. A total of 71 tree species belonging to 32 families, 10 shrub species belonging to 7 families, 10 grass species belonging to only one and 22 cultivated species belonging to 12 families were recorded.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51939
Title: Study of ground water quality in the villages of Sirsa district, Haryana
Author: Rajesh Dhankar, Lalita and Sunil Chhikara
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Ground water, Physico-chemical analysis, Correlation, Haryana
Abstract: The water quality of ground water samples of four villages (Begu, Rangari khera, Dhigtania and Bakrianwali) in Sirsa district, Haryana were analyzed for their suitability for irrigaiton and drinking purposes. The results revealed that the range of variations were: pH 6.5-7.9, total dissolved salts 512-6528 mg/l, Ca2+ 9.6-796.8 mg/l, Mg2+9.7-394.6, bicarbonates 38.1-907.7 mg/l, total alkalinity 28-744 mg/l, Cl- 16-1922 mg/l, Phosphate 0.035-1.85 mg/l, Fluoride 0.1-4mg/l and Nitrate 28.2-390 mg/l. The contents in majority of water samples were within permissible limits except magnesium and bicarbonates. The correlation coefficients for various physico-chemical parameters of ground water were also determined.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51938
Title: Zinc solubilzation by the Bacterium gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus
Author: C Sarathambal, M Thangaraju and M Gomathy
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 23, No 4 , December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology-An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Zinc solubilization
Abstract: Zinc solubilizing property of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus cultures was assessed under in vitro conditions. The solubilizations of zinc ocmpounds viz., zinc oxide, zinc carbonate and zinc phsophate by G. diazotrophicus (Strain PAL5) was assayed in LGI broth medium. Available Zn was in an increasing trend throughout the experiment. On 10th day of incubation, availability of zinc was recorded as 460, 420 and 450 mg g-1 zinc in zinc oxide, zinc carbonate and zinc phosphate treatments, respectively. In plate assay, the type strain PAL5 was found to be effective in solubilizing the insoluble zinc compounds viz., zinc oxide, zinc carbonate and zinc phosphate. The insoluble Zn compounds were effectively solubilized at 0.1% concentration, compared to 0.2% concentration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None