ID: 52072
Title: In vitro antioxidant effect of Caesalpinia bonducella
Author: U Saraswathi and P Mary Arockia Sheba
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Caesalpinia bonducella, Radical scavenging, Antioxidants
Abstract: The study aimed at evaluating the free radical scavenging activity of different extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella seeds, against 2, 2-Diphenyl -1-Picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), superoxide radical, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals regenerated in vitro. Petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethylacetate, alcohol and aqueous seed extracts of C.bonducella were analysed. The different extracts were able to scavenge all the four radicals tested and the maximum protection was rendered by the aqueous extract.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52071
Title: Effect of parthenium compost, composted coir pith and chemical fertilisers on soil fertility in greengram cropping system
Author: R Pappa Ammal and B Suganthi
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Parthenium composit, Vigna radiata, Compost, Soil fertility
Abstract: Use of inorganic fertilisers along with organic manures prepared form available materials would not only improve soil health but also help to sustain crop productivity. Nine different treatments were setup with parthenium and (PC), coir compost (CCP), chemical fertilisers in various combinations and evaluated against control. Soil analysis was carried out before and after the experimental period to find out the residual effect of organic manures and chemical fertilisers on soil fertility. In the post harvest soil analysis, the reduced pH was observed in T5 (PC + CCP 1:2) and T6 (PC + CCP 1:1). Nitrogen Level was maximum in T6 (PC + CCP 1:1) and phosphorus and potassium levels were found to be maximum in T2(CCP) and T5(PC +CCP 1:2). Micronutrients such as Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe showed a maximum level in T9 ( PC + CCP + 10% NPK), T1 (PC), T7 (PC + 10% NPK) and T8 (CCP + 10% NPK) respectively. Finally the availability of macro and micronutrients in the soil was influenced by the application of organic manure with 10% NPK.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52070
Title: Impact of temperature on behavioural and respiratory responses of catfish Clarias gariepinus
Author: G Rajasekaran, M Kavitha, R Sudha and k Kannan
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Temperature, respiratory responses, Clarias gariepinus, Behavioural change
Abstract: The catfish Clarias gariepinus was introduced in cold (26-28oC) and (32-34oC) heat stress were subjected various to behavioral and physiological activities. The activities of swimming and opercular beats were more in heat stressed fishes. The abnormal behaviour activities of rapid swam restlessness and tried to escape from the medium jumping again and again were also noted. The heat stressed C.gariepinus exhibited an increased number of surfaces. The rate of oxygen consumption in cold (0.60 ml/g) and (0.98 h) heat were more than cold stressed fishes. The fish exhibited the following behavioral changes, when the fish were treated with heat and cold stressed: fast jerky movements, turning upside down, restlessness, erratic movement, increased opercular beating and increased surfacing movements.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52069
Title: Effect of moisture stress on morphological characters of different green gram genotypes
Author: M Rajavel and S Vincent
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Green gram, water potential, seedling characters, Germination
Abstract: Sixty genotypes of green gram were grown in the laboratory conditions by using various levels of reduced or lower water potential to evaluate their performance relative to their germination ability and other seedling characteristics. Various Mega Pascal (MPa) 0.00, -0.25, -0.50, -0.75 and -1.00 MPa were created using Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) An external water potential of -0.50 MPa was selected as the threshold value of wate potential based on a preliminary standarization study. Different levels of water potential affected germination in greengram genotypes. In general, germination was progressively reduced with decreases in water potential. Most of the genotypes failed to germinate at -1.0 MPa and seedling growth in terms of plumule, radicle length nad vigour index were also reduced with the decrease in water potential. The tolerant genotypes recorded higher germination and seedling growth under reduced water potential. The higher vigour index (VI) under reduced water potential noticed in certain genotypes was suggestive of the quick establishment ability of those genotypes under water stress had close association between germination percentage and promptness index under reduced water potential and as such VI was highly correlated with germination stress index (GSI). The green gram genotypes, namely, VBN 2, Pusa Bold, Co 4, K1, VRM 2, KM2 and K 851had higher germination and vigour characters with higher PI and GSI showed that they can be used for screening drought tolerance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52068
Title: Biochemical and physiological changes of hardened and pelleted seeds of sorghum
Author: C Menaka and K Vanangamudi
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Sorghum, Seed hardening, Pelleting, Seed quality
Abstract: Studies were made to know the biochemical and physiological changes occured in the hardened and pelleted seeds of sorghum to understand the basic prinicple of seed hardening and pelleting technology. This study revealed that physiological quality viz., germination percentage (96), seedling length (35.4 cm), dry matter production (16.2 mg seedling-1) and vigour index (1555) were improved due to seed hardening and pelleting. The biochemical characters viz., protein content (11.9%) of seed, dehydrogenase activity (0.41), a-amylase activity (9.2mm), chlorophyll content of seedlings (1.50 mg g-1) and soluble protein content of seedlings (6.13 mgg-1) were higher in hardened and pelleted seeds. Among the different treatments, seed hardening with 2% K H2PO 4 for 16h and dried back to original moisture content excelled others in improving physiological and biochemical characteristics.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52067
Title: Fertigation in second generation T.C. banana variety suited to semi arid ecosystems
Author: S Sendur Kumaran and I Muthuvel
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Banana, Fertigation, Morphology, Yield
Abstract: Experiments were conducted during khariff 2007 at farm lands of Kundrakudi, Tamil Nadu on fertigation in second generation tissue culture banana variety grand nine suited to semi arid ecosystems. The trials were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three levels of irrigation viz., I1(50%), I2(75%) & I3(100%) and three levels of N, K fertilization viz., F1 (50%), F2(75%) & F3(100%) replicated five times. Observations recorded on morphological and yield traits in banana. The morphological traits such as plant height and girth of plant and yield traits such as number of hands per bunch, number of fingers per hand and bunch weight were recorded maximum from the treatment T9, where highest (100%) irrigation level with higher fertilizer doses were supplied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52066
Title: Influence of bio-regulators on physiology, growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Author: M Rajavel and S Vincent
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Pearl millet, Bio-regulators, Foliar spray, Yield
Abstract: Investigations were carried out to document the effect of bioregulators viz., Brassinosteroid (BR), Mepiquat chloride, Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Salicylic Acid and Triacontanol on pearl millet. The experiment was conducted by adopting factorial randomized block design with three replications under field conditions. Growth attributes viz., Leaf Area (LA), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Specific Leaf Weight (SLW), and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) were enhanced for yield improvement by the different treatments. Brassinosteroid 0.1 ppm spray significantly increased the total chlorophyll content (4.6 percent) besides minimizing its reduction compared to other treatments at maturity stage. The other important biochemical parameters viz., soluble protein and NRase activity was also considerably enhanced by the brassinosteroid treatment except IAA (Indole Acetic Acid ) Oxidase. The yield and quality characters have also been increased by foliar spray of brassinosteroid. Among the treatments, foliar spray of brassinosteroid 0.1 ppm showed a higher performance in increasing the yield (19 percent ) of pearl millet than control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52065
Title: Anti diabetic effect of Biophytum sensitivum on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats
Author: C Renuka
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Antidiabetic, Biophytum sensitivum, Alloxan, Rattus norvegicus
Abstract: Anti diabetic effect of Biophytum sensitivum was studied on alloxan induced diabetic rat. The result indicates that the ethanolic extract of B.sensitivum that blood glucose level and serum cholesterol level were decreased but increased in total protein level of diabetic rats.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52064
Title: Effect of different levels of raw spentwash on sunflower growth and changes in physico-chemical properties of calcareous sodic soil
Author: P K M Prashanth, G P Santhosh and C R Jahir Basha
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Spentwash, Sunflower, Sodic soil
Abstract: A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of raw spentwash to determine the gypsum equivalence of raw spentwash for the growth of sunflower in calcareous sodic soil. Plant height, number of leaves, dry matter yield and uptake of nutrients were significantly higher with the application of different levels of raw spentwash as well as gypsum. The growth attributes were higher than the plant supplied with 3.75 lakh l/ha (125%) of raw spentwash. Significant reduction in pH and ESP (%) were observed in the treatments of 150 percent raw spentwash (8.2 & 10.5 respectively) and 200 percent gypsum requirement of soil (8.2 & 10.8 respectively). Slight increase in electrical conductivity was observed with increased levels of raw spentwash application, whereas CaCo3 content decreased with increase in levels of raw spentwash application.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52063
Title: Effect of lance nematode, Hoplolaimus seinhorsti population on Bijasal, Pterocarpus marsupium tree seedlings
Author: M Sivaprakash and S Prabhu
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Bijasal, Nematode, Pathogenicity
Abstract: A pot culture experiment was conducted in a glass house to assess the pathogenicity of Hoplolaimus seinhorsti on Bijasal. Pre treated fresh seeds were sown in 25 x 15 cm bags. Fifteen days after germination, the plants were infested with adults and juvenile of H.seinhorsti. A population of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 larvae bag-1 was inoculated around the root zone. Each treatment was replicated four times and arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The growth parameters and final soil populations were recorded at 120 Days After Inoculation (DAI). The chlorophyll content and physiological parameters were also recorded at 120 DAI. The result revealed progressive reduction in length and weight of shoot and root significantly with the increase in the level of initial inoculum. It was found that the percentage reduction in root length and plant weight to an initial population level of 30, 90 and 180 larvae of H. seinhorsti kg-1 soil was 7.6, 12.8, 35.5 and 11.9, 30.4, 47.3 percent, respectively over uninoculated control. Pterocarpus marsupium plant inoculated with 180 larvae kg-1soil showed marked reduction in collar diameter by 35.7 percent over uninoculated control. The multiplication rate of H.seinhorsti was 5.0, 3.5 and 3.9, respectively to the initial inoculum of 30, 90 and 180 larvae kg-1 soil over uninoculated control. The percentage of reduction in total chlorophyll content of P. marsupium was 4.5, 13.0 and 21.5 percent, respectively for the initial inoculum of 30, 90 and 180 larvae kg-1 soil over uninoculated control. In addition, observations made on the physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and net photosynthesis showed reduction to a level of 18.2, 17.5 and 6.9 percent, respectively over uninoculated control in the initial inoculum of 180 larvae kg-1 soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52062
Title: Effect of irrigation and stand establisment techniques on energy use efficiency and productivity of rice
Author: S Subbulakshmi and B J Pandian
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Irrigation, Stand establishment methods, Rice, Yield, Energy use
Abstract: An experiment conducted during Kar (Kharif) and Pishanam (Rabi) seasons of 2000-01, at Killikulam, Tamil Nadu to study the individual and combined effect of irrigation and stand establishment techniques on productivity and energetics of lowland rice. Adoption of rotational water supply with throwing of seedlings required less energy input, while continuous submergence with drum seeding required high energy input during the cropping period. However, irrigation to 5 cm depth on disappearance of previously ponded water (DPPW) with line transplanting produced higher total energy output of 164768 and 157912 MJ ha-1 in kharif and rabi season, respectively. With respect to energy use efficiency (EUE) higher values (i.e. lower energy requirement for producing one tonne of paddy) were recorded by irrigation to 5 cm depth on DPPW with line transplanting (I1S5) (7.7 EUE) in kharif and irrigation to 5cm depth on DPPW with throwing of rice seedling (I1S3) (6.9 EUE) in rabi season, respectively. In the case of yield, higher yield was recorded by irrigation to 5 cm depth on disappearance of previously ponded water (DPPW) with line transplanting during both season respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52061
Title: Integrated nematode management for root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Siris, Albizia lebbeck
Author: M Sivaprakash, S Prabhu and A Sudha
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 3, May 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Meloidogyne, Soil solarization, Albizia lebbeck, Organic amendments
Abstract: This study was carried out to manage root-knot nematode on Albizia lebbeck. A pot culture experiment was conducted in a spilt plot design with two main plot treatment viz., solarization of soil for 21 days with 100 gauge plastic sheets and non solarization and 15 sub plot treatments comprising of different materials of organic matter amendments, nematicides and bio control agents and of having four blocks. The experiment was terminated after 90 days. The plant growth characteristics such as shoot length, shoot weight, number of branches, collar diameter, root length, root weight, number of galls, rhizobial nodules, number of larvae, adults, number of egg masses on root and soil population were recorded. The results revealed that the population of Meloidogyne incognita 4th stage female on roots of A. lebbeck seedling was found decreased by 32.6 percent in solarized soil over non-solarized. The filling up of solarized soil along with any one of the organic amendments viz. FYM @ 25 tonnes ha-1, carbofuran @ 0.3 g a.i.m-2, neem seed kernel extracts (2 ml/10 g of sees) and leucaena leaf powder at 2 percent w/w besides decreasing M.incognita population on root by more than 25.2 to 52.4 percent also increased plant weight by 77.2, 12.1, 27.3 and 90.9 percent, respectively over untreated. The microbivorous nematode population in soil at 90 days after sowing (DAS) was found to be significantly more in numbers in the treatment of solarized + poultry litter @ 45 kg N ha-1 (M1S3), solarized + incorporation of sesbania leaf powder at 2% w/w/ (M1S14) and non-solarized + FYM @ 25 tonnes ha-1 (M2S2) applied on A.lebbeck. The percentage of increase in the above treatment was 1.8, 1.3 and 1.2 folds, respectively when compared to untreated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52060
Title: Uptake of chromium by fodder grass as influenced by selected soil amendments
Author: K Suganya and D Augustine Selvaseelan
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 2, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Chromium, Fodder grass, Amendments
Abstract: A pot culture experiment with Cumbu Napier (CO3) fodder grass as test crop was conducted to evaluate the uptake and phytoextraction potential of chromium by fodder crop under the influence of farm yard manure (FYM), composted coir pith (CCP), calcium carbonate, vermiculite, sawdust and vermicompost. The uptake of Chromium (Cr) by the fodder grass crop was high in shoot portion (89%) and low in root portion (10.6%). The Cr content was less than the critical level of 8.0 mg kg-1 in the shoot portion and hence the shoot portion of fodder grass may be used as animal feed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52059
Title: Bacterial analysis of soil samples collected in and around a sugar mill in Tamilnadu
Author: K Kannan, G Rajasekaran and R Raveen
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 2, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Sugar mill, soil bacteria, Population density
Abstract: Soil samples obtained from different areas in and around a Sugar Mill in Kumbakonam Taluk, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu were analysed for bacterial composition and population density. Species diversity and population density of soil bacteria were highly reduced at the polluted pressmud dumping sites with the presence of only three species (Pseudomonas, Micrococcus & Escherichia coli) and a density of 12 x 106 CFU, whereas , in moderately polluted areas around the factory revealed five species (Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, E.coli, Bacillus & Staphylococcus) and a density of 25 x 106 CFU. At unpolluted areas away from the sugar mill, seven species were recorded ( Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, E.coli, Bacillus, Nitrococcus, Flavobacterium & Agrobacterium) with a high population density of 38 x 106 CFU.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52058
Title: Efficacy of spentwash for the reclamation of calcareous/non-calcareous sodic soils
Author: P K M Prashanth, G P Santhosh and C R Jahir Basha
Editor: Dr. S. Palanichamy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 24, N0. 2, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology- An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Efficacy, spentwash, reclamation, sodic soils
Abstract: Laboratory incubation study was conducted to find out the efficiency and optimum level of raw spentwash for reclamation of calcareous / non-calcareous sodic soils. Increasing levels of raw spentwash application (0.75, 1.5, 2.25 3 & 4 lakh litres per ha) resulted in progressive and significant reduction in pH, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and percent free lime content. Both depths (0-15 & 15-30 cm) of calcareous sodic soil recorded higher reduction in pH (8.3 & 8.3 respectively at 4.0 lakh litres/ha of spent wash), ESP (11.1 & 12.7% respectively at 4.0 lakh litres/ ha of spent wash) and percent free lime content (12.6 & 14.7% respectively at 4.0 lakh litres/ha of spent wash) compared to non-calcareous sodic soil. Different incubation periods (5, 10, 30 & 60 days) revealed that initially, there was sudden decrease in pH, ESP and free lime content upto 5th day of incubation. Subsequently, reduction was gradual and soil attained safe limits of ESP after 30 days of incubation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None