ID: 52447
Title: Fecundity capacity of the Mudskipper in two estuarine (Mangrove Swamp Versus Nipa Swamp) Creeks of Southeastern Nigeria
Author: Mfon T.Udo, Anthony W. Akpan, Blessing J.Oribhabor and Utibe I.Daniel
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Fecundity, Mangrove creek, Nipa creek, Mudskipper, P.barbarus, Vegetation succession, Nigeria
Abstract: The Fecundity capacity of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus in two estuarine creeks of Qua Iboe River, Nigeria was examined. Average absolute fecundity of the mudskipper was 8,170 eggs and 8,577 eggs in mangrove and nipa creek respectively. There were considerable variations in fecundity from the mangrove creek (coefficient of variation, C.V=73.5%) and nipa creek (C.V=66.7%). Although, similarity occurred in the rank-order (rs=0.891, P<0.02) of the power of the exponent (b) from the regression between fecundity and independent variables between the creeks, the proportions of some of them were different. In comparing reliability of fecundity, six out of the eight variables and two reproductive indices, gave better estimates. Surprisingly, the higher values of body weight and condition index by the nipa creek specimens did not culminate in heavier gonad vis-a-vis the mangrove individuals. However, the heavier individual egg weight by the mangrove individuals was as expected as residents of the native and indigenous mangrove habitat. While there was no intra-seasonal difference in absolute fecundity, interseasonal increases occurred during the dry season over the rains in favour of the nipa creek speciemens. This study is discussed along the deleterious and potent degradation of the coastal mangrove estuarine ecosystem of the country by the alien nipa palms (Nypa fruticans ) introduced into Nigerian towns of Calabar and Oron in 1906 and 1912 respectively, as ornament.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52446
Title: Evaluation of drought tolerance in rice varieties using drought tolerance indices
Author: Ebrahim Amiri, Hamid Reza Bozorgi, Morteza Khandan and Naser Mohammadian Roshan
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Rice, water stress, Drought tolerance index, Grain yield
Abstract: Identification and selection of tolerance varieties to drought in rice that in limited of water can have an acceptable yield are very important. In order to it in 2008, 8 varieties in four submerge irrigation, irrigation with 5, 8, 11 day interval in factorial experiment was studied in pot. For evaluation of varieties reaction with respect to water stress, that used for SSI, TOL, MP, STI, GMP experiments and HarM indices. In order to very significant and positive correlation that there are between STI, GMP and MP with grain yield in submerge irrigation and non-Submerge irrigation, it leads to selection of these three indices as the best selection criterion of varieties that are resistant to water stress for non-submerge irrigation management. Research results by different tolerance to drought indices that are between studied rice varieties, the Hybrid, Dorfak and Kadous emerge as tolerance varieties to drought.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52445
Title: Impact of sediment characteristics on the Macrobenthic invertebrates community of a perturbed tropical lagoon
Author: Roland Efe Uwadiae, Clement Aghatise Edokpayi, Oyinade Adegbite and Omosalewa Ablmbola
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sediment characteristics, Macrobenthic invertebrates, Coastal water, South-Western Nigeria
Abstract: The physico-chemical characteristics of the sediments and the benthic macrofauna of Epe lagoon, in south-western Nigeria were investigated between September, 2004 and February, 2005. The sediment parameters studied were grain size, total organic content (TOC), pH, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and heavy metals (zinc and copper). A range of 65.8-92.8% for sand, 7.8-29.4% for mud, 2.05-98.5% for TOC, 7.2-8.0 for pH, 3.81-44.27 mg/kg for zinc, 0.32-5.81 mg/kg for copper, 0.10-0.19mg/kg for sulphate, 1.12-1.38 mg/kg for nitrate, and 0.22-0.35 mg/kg for phosphate were recorded during the study period. Sediment types were predominantly sand intermixed with varied proportions of mud. There was significant difference (ANOVA, p<0.05) in all the parameters investigated at the study stations except for phosphate and nitrate. A total of 2,673 individuals belonging to three phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda and mollusca) were encounterd in this study. The molluscs dominated both in the number of individuals and species. The benthic macroinvertebrates abundance and diversity were low. The impact of sediment characteristics on the distribution, abundance and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study area is discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52444
Title: The effect of priming on early growth of rapeseed under drought stress
Author: M.Taghvaei and M.R.Chaichi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Drought stress, Emergence, Osmopriming, PEG, Rapeseed (Brassica napus L)
Abstract: Seed priming with osmotic solutions can markedly increase emergence, seedling vigor, and uniformity of stand establishment and growth, which will affect the final yield. An experiment on spring and winter rapeseed cultivars was set up in factorial arrangements and the data were analyzed in a Completely Randomized Block Design with four replications. The effects of the soil moisture at field capacity (FC), 85% of FC and 70% of FC throughout the experimental period and the duration of seed osmopriming treatment at three levels of no priming (control), 7 or 14 days of priming period with PEG 6000 (-0.7 Mpa) were evaluated on the germination and early growth of spring and winter rapeseeds.The responses of winter and spring rapeseeds were different to osmopriming period for root and shoot dry weights as well as final leaf area per plant. However, the responses of both cultivars were similar to drought stress for the other measured characteristics. At more severe drought treatments, emergence rate, emergence percentage, shoot weight, root weight and final leaf area significantly decreased. As priming period increased, emergence rate increased while mean time to full emergence decreased compared to control. The emergence percentage in winter cultivar was adversely affected by duration of priming. Winter rapeseed produced significantly higher shoot weight that could explain its higher final leaf area and significantly lower root/shoot ratio.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52443
Title: Vegetation change detection based on IRS and Landsat Satellites data
Author: K.Solaimani, A.Ahmadpour, M.Shokri and J.Ghorbani
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Plant groups, Remote sensing, Separability, Supervised classification
Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the IRS-P6 LISS III and Landsat ETM+ efficiency in plant group identification. In order to achieve this purpose, 143 taining samples were collected from a homogenous plant species composition with an area of 3600 m2 (60x60m). Coordinates of these training samples recorded using GPS and tranferred to a GIS environment. For satellite data ENVI 4.2 software has used to process and analyses them. Several methods of processing such as; spectral separability, supervised classification and classification accuracy assessment have used in order to gain a satisfy evaluation accuracy. The results of this process indicated that the best separability is related to net farming of Me.sativa and Ju.polycarpus-Ar.kopetdaghensis community (1.99 for Landsat data and 2 for IRS). In contrast, the worst results were related to Ju. polycarpus-On.cornuta and Ju.polycarpus-Ar.kopetdaghensis communities (1.57) for Landsat and Ju.polycarpus-Ar.kopetdaghensis and Ju.polycarpus-Ag.intermedium communities (1.53) for IRS data. It can be concluded that the satellite data are rougly able to identify plant groups when vegetation communities have a sufficient homogenous, wealthy and ecologically separable zones.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52442
Title: EDTA assisted phytoextraction and growth of Zea mays cv. EQ89-7 during copper toxicity
Author: C.E.Umebese and O.M.Alebiosu
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Growth, Cu accumulation, EDTA
Abstract: Zea mays cv. EQ89-7 was grown in soil contaminated with toxic concentration of copper (500 mg kg-1 soil ) and similar soil amended with Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), to investigate the impact on growth, tolerance index (TI) and copper accumulation by different organs (leaves, stems and roots) of the plant. Plants subjected to copper contaminated soil had significantly reduced (p=0.05) plant height, leaf area, root and shoot biomass. Morphologically, they appeared stunted in growth, had poor root development, chlorotic leaves with signs of wilting. EDTA treatment slightly improved plant growth but enhanced the TI (39.47%) significantly, at 5 weeks after sowing under Cu toxicity. Roots accumulated the highest concentration of Cu followed by the stem and the leaves. EDTA enhanced Cu accumulation by the roots significantly (p=0.05) and increased whole plant Cu content by 61%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52441
Title: Food and feeding biology of green mussel, Perna viridis from the Bay of Bengal coast, Bangladesh
Author: Ashraful M.A.K, Zaini B. Assim and Norhadi Ismail
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Food composition, Plankton, Algae, Detritus, Green mussel, Bay of Bengal
Abstract: This paper reports biological studies with special reference to food and feeding at the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh during February, 2007 to January, 2008. Laboratory analysis of gut contents observed that Perna viridis feed on copepod, amphipod, crab and shrimp larvae, phytoplankton and algae, detritus and some miscellaneous items also. The percentage of stomach in male mussels with food was highest 100% in March and April, 2007 and the lowest (40%) in August, 2007 and female mussels it was found 90% and 30% in March and October, 2007. The highest percentage of male mussels without food was found 60% in August, 2007 and in female it was 70% in October, 2007. In male mussels, the food composition of copepod, amphipod, crab and shrimp larvae, phytoplankton and algae and detritus ranged from 15.1-18.7%, 7.1-8.7%, 0.4-1.2%, 0.1-0.6%, 0.0-0.1% and 68.6-76.6% and in female mussels ranged from 15.1-17.1%, 6.7-7.8%, 0.6-1.2%, 0.4-1.0%, 0.0-0.1% and 70.9-75.4% was found during the study. The highest percentage of copepod 18.7% was found in January, 2008 in male mussels and in female mussels it was 17.1% in February, 2007 and the lowest 15.1% in April, 2007 and July, 2007 in both male and female mussels.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52440
Title: Determination of industrial and urban runoff quality of Southern Pars economical special energy zone for renewed usage
Author: E.Asrari, M.Malakootian and M.Ezazi
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology-Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Surface runoff, Heavy metal, Pars Economical Special Zone
Abstract: Urban runoff is valuable and restoring source in most of arid and semi arid zone in Iran. Surface runoff has been gathered by canals from Pars economical especial energy zone and then slopping to Persian Golf. This behavior causes to remove out of hand the water sources and can be a treat for natural ecosystem of case study area. Five stations have been chosen to study the quality of industrial and urban runoff. The average of physical and chemical tests results has been showed that runoff after omitting first flush can be used as a usable source to inject ground water. According to heavy metal tests in whole stations, the concentration of heavy metal has been ranged in standard limit.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52439
Title: Micronutrient status in soils of Udaipur district of Rajasthan
Author: K.K.Yadav
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Micronutrients, soils, Udaipur district, Rajasthan
Abstract: The soils of Udaipur were studied for their Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn status in relation to important soil properties. Available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents ranged from 0.62-32.84, 5.20-35.57, 0.05-11.54 and 0.32-11.65 mg kg-1 with the mean values of 0.41dSm-1m 7.4, 6.17g kg-1 and 27.7 g kg-1, respectively. Amounts of available Mn and Cu in these soils found sufficient to support plant growth. Only 4.55 percent soil samples in available Zn and 6.36 percent soil samples in available Fe found deficient. The available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn showed positive and significant correlation with organic carbon and these found negatively and significantly correlated with pH and calcium carbonate content of soils
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52438
Title: Experimental studies on vortex chamber flows
Author: M.Athar
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Velocity distribution, vortex chamber model, Rankine vortex, Water abstraction ratio, Radial and tangential spacings, Depth ratio
Abstract: Present paper deals with the results of the experimental investigation regarding the velocity distribution inside the vortex chamber type sediment extractor. Data are collected in the laboratory on a vortex chamber model. A Programmable Electro-Magnetic Shunt (P.E.M.S) flow meter is used to measure the velocity components along tangential and radial directions at well-defined nodal points inside the chamber. Graphs for radial and tangential velocity distributions are plotted at various depths, different values of inlet discharges and water abstraction ratios. It is found that velocity distribution throughout the chamber is not uniform due to unsymmetrical positions of inlet and outlet channels. In some part of the chamber it follows the law of Rankine vortex type velocity distribution. Also, various segments of the chamber having similar velocity distributions are identified and an attempt has been made to develop empirical relationships for the velocities in various segments of the chamber using the laboratory data.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52437
Title: Isotope hydrology in India
Author: Bhishm Kumar, U.K.Singh and M.S.Rao
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Isotope Hydrology, Climate Change, Sedimentation
Abstract: In the past few decades, sophisticated nuclear hydrological instruments have been developed to measure accurately both stable and radioactive isotopes. Due to the availability of such measurement facilities, many isotope techniques have been evolved and a large number of hydrological studies have been carried out world over using isotope techniques. In this paper, hydrological studies carried out in India using isotopic techniques have been reviewed and are grouped under four categories:(a) surface water studies that includes surface water-groundwater interaction, interconnection between water bodies, lake studies, sedimentation, seepage/leakage, discharge measurement, sediment transport, surface water pollution; (b) ground water studies that includes direct recharge to groundwater using natural and artificial isotope tracers, identification of recharge sources and zones, groundwater dating , soil moisture variation and recharge to groundwater, groundwater salintiy, groundwater pollution, geothermal waters, aquifer-aquifer interconnection, (c) basic data generation including basic research in isotope hydrology; and (d) climate changes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52436
Title: Assessement of the soil quality of hte Oussudu watershed and its relationship with irrigation water quality
Author: K.B.Chari and S.A.Abbasi]
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Soil quality, irrigation water quality, Oussudu lake
Abstract: An assessment of the soil quality of Oussudu watershed has been made on the basis of a network of 28 sampling sites. Simultaneously the electrical conductivity and pH of the surface water, dug-well water, and bore well water of the watershed have been studied at 21 sites. The informaiton has been analysed with the help of GIS in order to on one hand, generate thematic maps, and , on the other hand, find the extent of correlation between the soil quality and water quality. The information is particularly useful in zoning the watershed into regions facing different degrees of salinity hazard so that land-use can be done accordingly.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52435
Title: Optimal allocation of irrigation water using water production function
Author: Sanimer Kaur, H.S.Gulati and M.P. Kaushal
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Sprinkler irrigation, Surface irrigation, Water production function, Wheat
Abstract: Water production function helps in selecting alternative levels of water for getting maximum output under a given irrigation water supply levlel. This paper reports the develpment of water production functions for wheat crop using surface and spinkler irrigation methods. Twelve irrigation levels and three replications were selected for both the irrigation methods. Under surface irrigation, the irrigation levels were selected based on IW/CPE ratio of 0.40, 0.55, 0.70, 0.85, 1.0, 1.15, 1.30, 1.45, 1.60, 1.75, 1.90 and 2.05. In the case of sprinkler irrigation, each crop strip grown on either side of the sprinkler line was considered as a separate irrigation treatment. Quadratic production function was found to be the best fit for surface and sprinker irrigation methods. Water required for obtaining maximum yield in case of surface irrigation was 380 mm whereas in case of sprinkler irrigation it was 338mm. Linear cost functions were developed for both the irrigation methods using electrical and diesel pump sets for developing a model for optimal allocation of water. The optimal allocation model reduced the agricultural water requirement from 380mm for maximum yield to 349 mm for maximum net profit in case of surface irrigation and 338mm to 298mm in case of sprinkler irrigation using the diesel pump set without any significant difference in crop yield. The total cost of water and irrigation machinery including the labour cost, and repair and maintenance cost for the surface irrigation method was computed as Rs. 7.55/ha-mm and Rs 11.89/ha-mm while using the electrical motor and diesel motor pump-sets, respectively; whereas for the sprinkler irrigation method, the corresponding costs were Rs 25.51/ha-mm and Rs35.13/ha-mm. Further the highest net returns obtained by using this model were Rs. 16.894/ha and Rs. 10,870.8/ha in case of the surface and sprinkler irrigation methods, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52434
Title: Crop coefficient at various moisture stresses for different growth periods of cotton
Author: H.D.Rank
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: Cotton crop, leaf area index, evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, moisture stress
Abstract: The field experiment was conducted adopting 2-factorial split plot design. Total 16 treatments were different combinations of 3 water application levels (irrigation at 80%, 60% and 40% depletion of ASM) and five growth periods (vegetative, flowering, boll development, boll maturity stages and whole season) and I control (stress free conditions throughout season) replicating four times. The moisture stress free conditions (irrigation at 20% depletion of ASM) were maintained during the establishment stage (0-45 DAS) and during teh days other than the days of considered stage for particular water application/stress level. The relationship between the leaf area index and crop coefficient was developed. The water balance approach was adopted to find the actual evapotranspiration from the treatment plots. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was computed using the FAO recommended Penman-Monteith approach. The highest leaf area index was found as 4.430 at 160 days after sowing (DAS). The average Kc value was found as 0.52, 1.03, 1.56, 1.45 and 0.82, respectively, during the establishment, vegetative development, flowering, ball development and boll maturity. The crop coefficient (Kc ) under water stressed condition was reduced.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52433
Title: Evaluation of water quality and trophic status for utilization of Sagar Lake-A case study
Author: Surjeet Singh
Editor: Dr. Himanshu Joshi
Year: 2008
Publisher: Indian Association of Hydrologists, No 3-4, July-December 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Hydrology Journal
Keywords: water quality, pollution sources, eutrophication, TSI, Sagar lake
Abstract: The Sagar lake is situated in the heart of the Sagar city of Madhya Pradesh which falls in the Vindhyan terrain of Bundelkhand region. The quality of lake water has poorely deteriorated and has become unsuitable for various uses. In the present study, physico-chemical analysis has been carried out to assess the present status of water quality and trophic status of the lake. Water samples were collected from twenty one locations of the lake at three different depths and six major nallas. The study indicates that the transparency, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) contents of the lake water have significantly reduced while the alkalinity, nitrate, phosphate and iron level of the lake water have greatly increased over the past eighteen years. The lake water also contains the fecal coliform bacteria and high algae activity. Results of the present study are compared with 1990 data as well as Indian Standards. The six major nallas have been identified as the point sources of major pollution to the lake. The trophic state index (TSI) has been computed on the basis of nitrate, phosphate and Secchi depth to assess the eutrophication of the Sagar lake. The increased level of nitrogen and phosphorous contents and reduced Secchi depth indicate that the lake has attained the hyper-eutrophic state. Based on the TSI value, the lake has become unsuitable for drinking, bathing and even for fish culture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None