ID: 52477
Title: Converting waste into energy: A study on practices of solid waste management in selected cities of India
Author: Samta Jain and Sangeeta Loonker
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Solid wastes, Solid waste management, Waste to energy
Abstract: Waste Management, quite specifically solid waste management, is a major concern among all the Asian countries. The new slogan today is :"waste to wealth, refuse to resource and trash to cash". Our environment is chiefly comprised of soil, air and water. It is a well established fact that the modern industrialization, application of large scale technology in our industrial planning, rapid growth of trade and commerce, and the growth popularity of the use and throw products-all these have changed the disposal of waste patterns in the environmental perspective. Biosphere is an important zone for the biological activities and is responsible for ecology and environment. Thus in order to meet the challenges of environmental degradation, caused by unplanned and unmanaged activities, we need to look forward for establishing a totally recycling society, actively encouraging the residents, industries and the public sector to cooperate with each other. The present research analyzes the conditions of waste management in few selected cities of the country and base on that proposes for a model of solid waste management strategies for the largest democracy of the world. The paper underlines that the collection, transportation, disposal and handling of the solid waste must target on practical environmental management processes and techniques.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52476
Title: Residual effect of sulfonylurea herbicides applied to wheat on succeeding summer and Kharif mung
Author: Tarundeep Kaur, Lall Singh Brar and U.S. Walia
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Sulfonylurea herbicides, Residue, Mung
Abstract: The field experiment was planned to assess the residual effect of sulfosulfuron (25, 37.5 and 50 g/ha) and mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron (12, 18 and 24 g/ha) applied to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on succeeding summer and kharif mung. None of the above sulfonylurea herbicides applied to wheat affect the emergence of any succeeding kharif crops namely summer mung (Vigna radiata L.)and kharif mung (Vigna radiata L.). But the residual effect of herbicides was recorded on the growth and yield of summer mung and kharif mung during the year 2005.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52475
Title: Bulk use of fly ash in sustainable reclamation of low lying area
Author: N.K.Srivastava and L.C.Ram
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Fly ash, Reclamation, Low lying area, Nutrient content, Trace and heavy metals
Abstract: In view of huge generation of fly ash (118 million tons/annum) from 85 thermal power plants (TPPs) in the country and its insufficient utilization (up to 48%), there is crucial need for the development of an eco-friendly technology capable of utilizing it on bulk scale on sustainable basis. Keeping in view fly ash as a useful ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of problematic soils and as a source fo plant nutrients (macro and micro), field demonstration trials were carried out on 8.4 acre of unutilized and undulating low lying area at Kali Mela, Jamadoba, Dhanbad filled with Tata Steel ' s FBC ash (up to a depth of 4m) to reclaim it using biological interventions such as top soil layer (4cm), cow dung manure, coco peat, vermi-compost, bio-fertilizer and NPK fertilizers (suitable proportions), selection and plantation of adaptable plant species (forestry, fruit bearing and oil yielding) including cultivation of seasonal vegetables such as lobia, bottle guard, radish, brinjal, chilli, tomato, cauliflower, cucumber, potato, carrot, cabbage, onion, etc. during Rabi and Kharif 2004-05. The planted species were monitored in respect of growth and biometric parameters at different growth stages followed by physico-chemical and biological characterization of ash filled area. The obtained results evinced that among the physicochemical properties, textural composition, bulk density, water holding capacity, porosity, and major/secondary and micro-nutrient levels of ash filled low lying area significantly improved with the progressive growth of planted species apart from considerable improvement in the growth/biometric parameters and physiological behaviour of the planted species. The different biological parameters (ectomycorrhiza, N-fixing bacteria, P-solubilizing bacteria, and dehydrogenase activity) were found to have increased at successive stages of the plantation. The different seasonal vegetables grown in the ash filled area have shown better germination/growth rate, vigor, improved major/secondary and micro nutrients status, etc. The beneficial uses fo fly ash in agro-forestry applications were populatized periodically among the local farmers/inhabitants. As such the low lying area coud be sustainably reclaimed using fly ash in bulk scale through biological means, which can be further extended in the vicnity of other power plants in the country.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52474
Title: Variability status in some F1 hybrids for cashew apple and cashew nut characters
Author: K.D.Ghatge, V.N.Kore and V.W.Bendale
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Cashew, Cashew apple, Cashew nut, Variability
Abstract: Thirty F1 hybrids of cashew were studied for the variability in cashew apples and cashew nuts. Studies revealed considerable variability among these hybrids for these characters. The hybrids, H-1141 had highest weight of apple (72.72 g) and H-824 showed maximum appled to nut ratio (7.82). The cashew nut characters indicated the highest nut weight of 9.93 g and highest shelling percentage of 32.65% in H-815.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52473
Title: Safety and shelf stability of hurdle processed soft-moist Prawns
Author: T.E.Baug, S.B.Patange and S.T.Sharangdhar
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Hurdle processing, Intermediate moisture, Soft-moist prawns, Shelf stability
Abstract: Hurdle technology has been developed as a new concept for the realization of safe, stable, nutritious tasty, and economical foods. It employs the intelligent combination of different preservation factors to achieve multi-target, mild but reliable preservation effects. An attempt was made to prepare intermediate moisture soft-moist prawns using hurdle technology. Fresh peeled and un-deveined prawns (Parapenaeopsis stylifera) were washed with chilled potable water and marinated using a mixture containing common salt (3%), citric acid (0.2%), glycerol (1%), propylene glycol (0.5%) and water (2%) (Wet weight basis). Annatto seed powder in the concentration of 10 ppm was used as a colourant. The prawns were steamed for 10 min and dried under vacuum at 60oC for 4 hr. The changes in biochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of teh soft-moist prawns packed under vaccum in nylon-laminated polyethylene bags during storage at ambient (30 + 3 oC) and refrigerated temperature (2 + 1oC) were monitored. The final product had moisture content of 35%. The TMA value increased from 1.18 to 29.22 mg% in ambient stored products on 3rd day, while refrigerated products had the value of 22.25 mg% at the 15th day of storage. The TVB and alpha amino nitrogen also increased significantly during the storage period. The total bacterial count increased significantly to 6.24 log cfu/g at the end of 15th day of storage at refrigeration temperature. Similar changes were observed in the spore of the product during storage. Noticeable changes were observed in the anaerobic count as anaerobes were not detected initially in the raw material and its value increased to 0.93 MPN/100g in ambient stored product. Sensory evaluation revealed that, the product stored at ambient and refrigerated temperature was acceptable upto 2 and 12 days respectively. It is concluded that hurdle processed prawns does require refrigeration for satisfactory extension of shelf life.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52472
Title: Environmental Impacts of Sand Mining from Meenachil River, Kerala, India
Author: C.K.Baiju, M.Arumugam, B.Ajaykumar, Mahesh Mohan and P.S.Rakesh
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Meenachil river, Instream mining, Channel morphology, Impact zonation map
Abstract: Sand mining, a severe environmental problem to the river basins of Kerala, have numerous impacts on land, water and biota. The study revealed that channel deepening and widening occurred mainly at lower reaches of the Meenachi river. Instream mining in the Meenachil River has altered the channel geometry and bed elevation as well as reduced the stockpiling of sediment and quality of water. Reduction in the distribution and abundance of some species of plants, birds and fishes was also observed. Impact factors of sand mining were derived and prepared an impact zonation map for the Meenachil River, which clearly suggests an immediate attention for curbing the illicit and unscientific mining from the river and also for making a better strategy for River Management.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52471
Title: Study of ground water quality of Dahegam Taluka, Gujarat, India
Author: Mayur C.Shah, Prateek G. Shilpkar, Ankita J Acharya, Kshama H. Balapure, Ekta A Desai and Dipika N. Patel
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Ground water, Water Quality Index, Irrigation water and Drinking water
Abstract: Present study deals with physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), calcium hardness (CaH), magnesium hardness (MgH), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), sulphate (SO42-), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water samples of bore wells of forty villages of Dahegam taluka of Gujarat state, India. The experimental values of water samples were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization (WHO) and United State Salinity Laboratory for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Water Quality Index (WQI) was also calculated to know the overall quality of water samples. The statistical analysis like mean, standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (%CV), analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, coefficient of correlation (r) and regression analysis of obtained data were carried out. The results show that the quality of water of North and South regions of Dahegam taluka is very poor and the quality of water of East and West regions of Dahegam taluka is poor for the drinking purpose. Results also show that quality of water for irrigation purpose is quite good and poor for 77.50% and 22.50% villages of Dahegam taluka, respectively. 77 pairs and 28 pairs of water quality parameters bear positive and negative correlation, respectively out of 105 pairs studied. The variance was found significant at 1% level of significance in case of total alkalinity among the four regions of Dahegam taluka. The linear relation also established for each pair of water quality parameters of studied water samples.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52470
Title: A study on the nautrally occurring radionuclides distribution in the Punnaikayal estuary, Gulf of Mannar, India
Author: R.Krishnamoorthy, M.K.Palaniappan, H.E.Syed Mohamed, A.Sadiq Bukhari and P.Shahul Hameed
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Polonium-210, Punnaikayal estuary, Gulf of Mannar
Abstract: The present paper discusses the distribution of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation, Primordial Radionuclides, Gross Alpha and 210Po in the estuarine ecosystem namely Punnaikayal estuary (Gulf of Mannar) River Tamiraparani. Measurements of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation, Primordial Radionuclides, and Gross Alpha were made in sediment sample. Water, sediment and selected biota were subjected to 210Po determination. The Terrestrial Gamma radiation level in Punnaikayal estuarine were 29.3 ?R/h. Primordial radionuclides levels in the Punnaikayal estuarine sediment 238U (586 Bq/Kg), 232Th (1473 Bq/Kg), 40K(762 Bq/kg). The Gross Alpha level in Punnaikayal estuarine was 73.2 mBq.g-1. In water, dissolved concentration of 210Po was found to be 1.8 mBq/l for Punnaikayal estuary. Polonium-210 concentration in sediment was also significantly higher in Punnaikayal estuary (8.9 Bq/Kg). Sediment samples of six different sizes grain ranging from 50 ?m to 900 ?m were subjected to analysis. It was observed that particles of 900 ?m registered the activity between 9.7 Bq/kg and 262.4 Bq/kg has been registered in the particle size of 50 ?m. The highest activity of Po-2109.0 Bq/kg is confined to the upper layer sediment (0-5cm) and to 7.0 Bq/kg (5-10 cm) and 5.3 Bq/kg (10-15 cm) respectively. The 210Po activity in the biota fell within the range of 5.6 to 1334.1 Bq/kg. The bivalve mollusc Meretrix casta of teh estuary was identified to concentrate higher level of 210Po in their soft tissues, suggesting that if could be used as a sentinel organism for 210po in an estuarine system. The significance of the resutls are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52469
Title: Study on effect of biofertilizer and verimcompost on the yield of spinach
Author: P.R.Zade, R.D.Dhore, S.S.Pande and P.M.Tumane
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Vermi-compost, Bio-fertilizer
Abstract: India is agriculture-based country. The farmers always try to increase the fertility of soil to get maximum yield. Utilization of vermicompost & biofertilizers is done to increase the fertility of soil . The soil broadcasting and seed treatments are performed and the results are tested by taking field trial, Azotobacter chrococcum were used for spinach seed treatment and Pseudomonas aeroginosa for compost treatment in carrier and broth as per the need. The treated spinach seed were sown into the soil in which biofertilizer treated compost was added. After complete vegetative growth harvesting of spinach crop was done. Physical, chemical and biological parameters were tested. From the above parameters, it can be proved that Biofertilizer not only increase the yield but also increase NPK uptake of spinach. Thus, the result show use of biofertilizer and compost treatment increase the yield but also helps in increasing the natural microbial count. This leads to natural increase in the fertility of soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52468
Title: Effect of growth regulators on physiological and yield parameters of Kharif Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Author: Pushp Sharma, Guriqbal Singh and T.S.Bains
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Nitrate reductase, Chlorophyll content, Reducing sugars, Grain yeild, Mungbean
Abstract: A field investigation was carried out to study the effect of plant growth substances on certain physiological and biochemical parameters of kharif (rainy season) mungbean. In these experiments foliar sprays of salicyclic acid (10 and 20 ppm), napthylacetic acid (20 and 40 ppm) and sugar (2 and 5%) at 35 and 45 days after sowing were compared with water spray and no spray (control). Foliar application of growth regulators enhanced the soluble proteins, chlorophyll content, reducing sugars and nitrate reductase activity. Flower drop was less in the case of treated plants than the non-treated ones. Application of salicylic acid 10 ppm, and sugar 2% twice at 35 and 45 days after sowing gave significantly higher grain yield than the water spray or no spray. On an average, the increase in the grain yield was 12.2% and 13.6% with 2% sugar and 10 ppm SA respectively over no spray.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52467
Title: MCU.soft-A decision support system to estimate the monthly consumptive use with minimum Meterological observations
Author: A.C.Pandey, Ashok Mishra, S.S.Kumar and B.P.Singh
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Decision support system, Evapotranspiration, Consumptive use, Crop coefficient, Effective rainfall
Abstract: To estimate the monthly consumptive use for a particular crop in a particular region is a cumbersome process and several equations have been developed so far. To calculate the total irrigation water requirement for a particular crop period requires the information of consumptive use/potential evapotranspiration, crop Coefficient, effective rainfall and the overall expected irrigation efficiency. To ease the calculation of consumptive use with minimum data set to predict several thing, as total water requirement for a particular crop, number of irrigation required, irrigation scheduling, in-situ and ex-situ water conservation or harvesting practices or size of structures etc, the Lowry Johnson method has been selected and a small Decision Support System named as MCU.soft has been made in the computer language Visual Basic 6.0. The DSS requires only the mean monthly temperature to get monthly Consumptive use/Potential Evapo-transpiration and to predict water requirement per hectare for any field crop, Crop coefficient, Effective rainfall and Expected overall irrigation efficiency. This DSS has been monitored with several data sets and found theoretically correct and ready to help for the researchers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52466
Title: Effect of irrigation management on yield and water productivity of rice
Author: Hasan Sabeti Rad and Ebrahim Amiri
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Rice, Irrigation, Water-saving, Water productivity
Abstract: Field experiments were laid out to determine the effect of irrigation management on yield and water productivity of different Rice varieties at north of Iran, Rudsar. The research was laid out at in 2006 in split plot design in three replications with nine irrigation management (11 with continous irrigation while 12, 13, 14 and 15 were irrigation 1, 3, 5 and 8 days after water disappearance of ponded water, 16, 17and 18 were irrigation at 3, 5 and 8 days intervals and 19 saturated soil during whole growth season) as main plots while three varieties (Hashemi, Ali Kazemi and Hybrid) as sub plots. The ANOVA revealed non significant differences for different irrigation management as compared to continuous irrigation management for grain yield indicating that water can be considerably saved for cultivating rice without compromising on grain yield. However, significant differences were observed in different irrigation management for the irrigation depth and water productivity (WPI and WPI + R). The results of this research showed, water saving was on average 42% with yield reduction of only 12%. Water Productivity (WPI and WPI+R) were 0.59-1.98 and 0.52-1.52 kg grain per m3 water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52465
Title: A biodiversity studies on flora of forts in Hyderabad Karnataka region, India
Author: C.Shrishail and Pratima Mathad
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Biodiversity, Fort Flora, Hyderabad Karnataka region
Abstract: Hyderabad Karnataka region is situated in North Eastern part of Karnataka. It has 4 districts (Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, and Koppal) covering an area of 20, 448 sq km. The Region has many Historical heritage Forts. These Forts have rich plant diversity. The important Forts of this region are Bahamani Fort, Barid Shahi fort, Bellary fort, Shorapur fort, Malkhed fort, Basavakalyan fort, Koppal fort, Hampi fort, etc. The Survey was conducted from October 2006 to September 2009. The forts have scrubby vegetation which includes Herbs, Shrubs, Climbers, Creepers, Epilithophytes and few Tree species. In the present study 125 plant species belonging to 45 families both lower and higher plants were identified. In which Herbs are the largest species widely distributed in the Forts of Hyderabad Karnataka region.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52464
Title: Defluoridation in water using different types of hydroxy apatite
Author: G.Johnsonbabu, S.Chidambaram, A.L.Ramanathan, R.Ramesh, S.Manikandan, P.Akila, U.Karmegam and P.Paramaguru
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Fluoride removal, Hydroxy Apatite
Abstract: The fluoride ion is recognized as a normal and frequently occurring constituent in ground waters of many states in India. Higher concentration of fluoride in drinking water leads to health hazards. This paper signifies the application of hydroxy apatite in the reduction of fluoride ion. Apatite a calcium phosphate material (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) made by using different methods has been used for defloridation. The high concentration of fluoride is reduced effectively by apatites prepared using hydrothermal + microwave and hydrothermal method, at the first interval. But in general, the rate of absorption is found to be higher in the apatite prepared by hydrothermal + microwave followed by microwave method.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52463
Title: Influence of organic fertilizers on total chlorophyll content and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Author: Reena Sharma and Abha Agarawal
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (3), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Wheat, Organic fertilizers, Total chlorophyll, Yield
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different organic fertilizers (Vermicompost, Farmyard manure and Nadep compost) on total chlorophyll content and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). A set of six treatments comprising vermicompost @ 4.5 t/ha + urea (T1 ), vermicompost @ 12.5 t/ha (T2), Farmyard manure @ 4.5 t/ha + urea (T3), Farmyard manure @ 25 t/ha (T4), Nadep compost @ 4.5 t/ha+ urea (T5) and Nadep compost @ 25 t/ha (T6) was evaluated. The results revealed that application of 4.5 t/ha vermicompost + urea (T1) gave maximum total chlorophyll content and yield. All the treatments of organic fertilizers provided showed significantly higher total chlorophyll content and yield in wheat crop than control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None