ID: 52567
Title: Why controlling climate change is more difficult than stopping stratospheric ozone depletion
Author: Dilip R.Ahuja and J.Srinivasan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 97, No 11, 10 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52566
Title: Dimensions of ecology: from global change to molecular ecology
Author: S.K.Tripathi
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 97, No 11, 10 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52565
Title: Environment and disasters in urban context
Author: Anil K Gupta
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2009
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 97, No 11, 10 December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52564
Title: Seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters and planktons population of fish pond in Jalandhar, Punjab
Author: D.Pathania, M.Sabesan and S.Kumari
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Fishpond, physical, chemical, zooplankton, phytoplankton, diversity index
Abstract: The present study has been carried out to determine the water quality in terms of physico-chemical and biological factors in fish pond in Jalandhar city of Punjab, India. The surface temperature varied from 26.3 to 37.1oC. Dissolved oxygen and pH fluctuated from 8.5 to 11.5 mgL-1 and 7.6 to 8.4 respectively. The conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids varied from 445 to 650 ??/cm, 6.00 to 11.00 NTU and 210 to 376 mgL-1 respectively. The total hardness and alkalinity range from 113 to 312.5 mgL-1 and 145.1 to 216.2 mgL-1. COD and BOD varied from 41.03 to 84.12 mgL-1 and 16.05 to 35.10 mgL-1. The concentrations of nitrate (0.92 to 2.00 mgL-1), phosphate (0.08 to 0.301 mgL-1) and sulphate (13.6 to 27.2 mgL-1) varied independently. Total organism found in study pond was 801 out of which 697 were phytoplankton and other 104 were zooplanktons. The numbers of species were different in every month. The diversity of phytoplankton ranged from 1.98 to 2.37 and maximum in July and minimum in March. The diversity index of zooplankton ranged from 0.64 to 0.83 and maximum in July and minimum in June.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52563
Title: Microbial kinetics and growth study in biological digestion of composite tan liqour
Author: N.B.Prakash and N.S.Ganesh
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, bio-kinetics, substrate growth, Monod ' s equation
Abstract: In the present paper, description of anaerobic treatment of tannery wastewater, according to the proposed kinetic model, has been presented. The experimental results of microbial growth predictions showed the greatest resemblance to the conventional models. The study on cell growth kinetics, substrate uptake and product formation in microbial growth, and enzyme kinetics has been carried out. The studies showed that an optimum BOD influent load of 0.8 kg BOD/m3/day with three days retention time could be adopted to yield about 97 percent BOD reduction. The bio-kinetic coefficients were evaluated using modified Monod ' s equations to study the metabolic performance of the digestion process. The role of magnesium carbonate during anaerobic digestion has been studied for the enhancement of methane generation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52562
Title: Influence of solid waste disposal conditions on organic pollutants discharged from Tropical landfill
Author: Ruwini Weerasekara, Chart Chiemchaisri and Wilai Chiemchaisri
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Landfill, leachate, monsoon, solid wastes, organic pollutant, tropical climate
Abstract: This research was carried out to determine the influence of landfill design and operating conditions on organic loading from leachate of municipal solid waste landfill operating in the tropics. Several factors were investigated including waste composition, compaction density, rainfall intensity, leachate re-circulation and accumulation of leachate in the waste cell. Laboratory scale lysimeters filled with urban wastes in Thailand were used to represent typical landfill conditions in Asian developing countries. Tropical condition was simulated by adding rainwater to the lysimeters where tha precipitation rate was varied between 35 and 100% of maximum rainfall intensity. The collected leachate samples were determined for chemical characteristics. Leachate re-circulation was practiced to investigate incremental leaching of pollutants along the waste depth. Other lysimeters were operated with internal storage (saturation) condition. The experimental results revealed that the organic pollutant load increased with increasing rainfall intensity and substantially decreased from low compaction density (220 kg/m3) in open dumping to high compaction density (450 kg/m3) in sanitary landfill condition. Total organic pollutant load in wate storage condition was considerably higher than conventional operation, but it was completely retained within the waste cell.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52561
Title: Modelling of pumping station in conjunction with Kuching Barrage, Malaysia for flood mitigation
Author: Darrien Yau Seng Mah, Norazlina Bateni, Frederik Josep Putuhena and Sai Hin Lai
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Barrage, flood, pumping station, river, tides
Abstract: Singapore had amazed the engineering communities with teh completion of Marina Barrage, particularly its pumping stations claimed to be the largest pumps in the world. This paper is an attempt of benchmarking the Marina Barrage ' s pumps to be applied in Kuching of Sarawak State, Malaysia. Kuching Barrage was deprived of a pumping station in its design, while Marina Barrage was equipped with seven pumps each with 40 m3/s in pumping rate, 120 rpm in speed and 3.5 m in head. The modelling efforts had indicated that Kuching Barrage would need five times the number of Marina ' s pumps to drain out the historical January 2004 major flood volumes to bankful levles. For many years, the local communities cried foul to the authorities on the lacking of a pumping station. This inference had explained the dilemma of situation obviously.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52560
Title: Biodiversity of heavy metal-tolerant terrestrial mycobiota in drianage water resources
Author: Mohamed Hashem
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Aspergillus, biosorption, heavy metals, Mucor, mycobiota, Penicillium, pollution, Rhizopus, Trichoderma
Abstract: This work was initiated to study the biodiversity of filamentous fungi in drainage water channels and their correlation with heavy metal pollution. Results showed that all water samples collected from different drainage channels were contaminated by Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn but in various and relatively low concentrations. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Trichoderma and Rhizopus were the most prevalent genera. The dominance of these genera varied in different sites. There was a basic similarity in prevalence and fluctuation of fungi isolated from both the large and the small channels. Tolerance of A.flavus var. flavus, A.fumigatus, A.terreus var africanus, A.niger, A.oryzae, M.racemosus, P.citrinum, R.stolonifer and T.viride to Zn, Pb and Cd was studied. Results proved that all of these fungi could resist presence of heavy metal but to various limits. T.viride seemed to be the most tolerant fungus against Zn and Pbb whereas M.racemosus was the most tolerant one to Cd. This study recommends that application of multi-species system could play an effective role in biosorption of heavy metals from waste waters rather than using of individual species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52559
Title: Heavy metal concentration in water, sediments, freshwater mussels and fishes of the River Shitalakhya, Bangladesh
Author: Md.Kawser Ahmed, Anupam Chandra Bhowmik, Safiur Rahman and Md. Rezaul Haque
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Heavy metals, bio-accumulation, freshwater mussel, Shitalakhya river
Abstract: This study was undertaken to study the concentration of some heavy metals in the water and sediment samples and their bioaccumulations in freshwater fish and mussels of the Shitalakhya River. In water samples, concentration of Ni ranged from 4.31 to 7.83 ?/L, Pb 41.24 to 63.15 ?/L, Cd 7.12 to 10.11 ?/L, Cr 192.18 to 234.32 ?/L, and Cu 156.38 to 254.07 ?/L at different sampling stations during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. In sediment samples, Ni ranged from 120.96 to 131.94 mg/kg, Pb 54.52 to 65.90 mg/kg, Cd 1.71 to 2.17mg/kg, Cr 60.09 to 91.02 mg/kg, and Cu 56.07 to 91.51 mg/kg in dry weight basis at different stations during different seasons. In Puntius sophore, Ni ranged from 9.07 to 13.01 mg/kg, Pb 8.01 to 10.09 mg/kg, Cd 0.85 to 1.13 mg/kg, Cr 2.94 to 4.01 mg/kg, and Cu 4.92 to 5.27 mg/kg in dry weight basis during different seasons. In Glossogobius giuris, Ni ranged from 10.53 to 11.32 mg/kg, Pb 7.17 to 9.17 mg/kg, Cd 0.81 to 1.07 mg/kg, Cr 3.13 to 3.37 mg/kg, and Cu 5.19 to 6.03 mg/kg in dry weight basis during different seasons. In the muscles of the freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis), Ni ranged from 8.19 to 9.07 mg/kg, Pb 9.16 to 13.09 mg/kg, Cd 1.09 to 1.21 mg/kg, Cr 8.12 to 9.07 mg/kg, and Cu 5.47 to 8.19 mg/kg in dry weight basis during different seasons. These variations of metal concentrations in fish and freshwater mussels in our study are likely to be due to the different sampling locations, seasons, weight and age of the organisms. The present study found much higher concentration of heavy metals in water, sediment and aquatic animals than standard value of WHO and EQS.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52558
Title: Elevated alpha radiation level in water of river Subarnarekha and tube well at in-and -off zone of Jaduguda Mine, India
Author: Dipak Ghosh, Argha Deb, Biswajit Das and Rosalima Sengupta
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: R.Subarnarekha, Jaduguda mine, alpha activity, river and tube-well water
Abstract: The Subarnarekha river is a major river rising from the Chota Nagpur plateau of Jharkhand State, India. After passing through Jharkhand state, the river enters the Indian state of West Bengal, Orissa and finally falls into the Bay of Bengal. Jaduguda mine which is the foundation on which the Indian nuclear fuel chain rests is situated at Jharkhand state near the R. Subarnarekha course. In order to observe the contamination effect of Jaduguda mine on the river, we have collected river water samples from nine different locations along the path of the river and measured alpha activity in those samples. High level of alpha radioactivity is found in all the samples even at far sites from nine region and it is interestingly seen that alpha activity decreases as we go near-to-far locations from the mine. Tube-well samples were also collected from the same locations and in that case also similar trend was seen.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52557
Title: Aral Sea Crisis: Large scale irrigation and its impact on drinking water quality and human health
Author: Iskandar Abdullayev
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Irrigation, Aral Sea, water management , health, drinking water
Abstract: The Central Asia, home of 40 million people, is located in the land locked region with extreme continental climate. The agriculture feeds almost all population. The decisions during Soviet times on making Central Asia cotton basket of Soviet Union had on- going impacts even today. Millions of people left their home places due to environmental crisis. Every year millions are suffering without drinking water and water for irrigation. The human environment of the basin has also been totally changes. The Aral Sea region now is a completely artificial territory, governed by unnatural processes. The extent of these changes is so great that natural rehabilitation is impossible. More than 2.5 million people live in this disaster zone. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on (i) socio-economic, ecological and institutional changes that contributed to the Aral Sea crisis, and (ii) present status of water resources use and possible developments in the region. The research is based on author ' s extensive field trips and research during 2001-2006 to the Aral Sea area, and extensive literature review on impacts of large-scale irrigation, e.g. soil salinity and high groundwater levels on human health. The research has indicated that in Central Asia, the irrigation systems are unsustainable, tend to create still huge risks to the human health and the large scale systems, created during the Soviet era became both economically and socially unfitting into the new systems of economy.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52556
Title: Contextualizing Disaster in Relation to Human Health in Bangladesh
Author: Papreen Nahar, Fariba Alamgir, Andrew E.Collins and Abbas Bhuiya
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Disasters, health, Bangladesh, remedial
Abstract: The leading cause of health problems associated with environmental disasters in Bangladesh is water. The relationship between health and disaster is a well-discussed issue. However, health outcomes due to water use during and after environmental disasters are a context specific experience influenced by socio-political and economic factors. Although, the concept of social determinants of health are acknowledged, people ' s perception of relations between health and natural disaster are not documented yet, also being a function of complex socio-cultural processes. In the absence of such knowledge, this pape aims to examine some of the cultural dimensions of natural disasters and their impacts on health. Three disaster prone rural areas specifically relating to flood, drought, and cyclones in the country were chosen for data collection. It is suggested that health impacts on disasters and disaster impacts on health vary between rich and poor, male and female, dependent on the nature of the disaster event. Participants related disaster information with water supply, infrastructure and with illness. The study also shows the various health impacts of disasters on coping mechanisms. For example, people cope with disaster impacts through migration, changes in occupation, low consumption of food, taking loans, surviving on relief, and these mediate health risks. Borrowing food from relatives, neighbours, or shop-keepers is another strategy for disaster victims. The study includes some significant documentation of existing indigenous knowledge and views on this topic.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52555
Title: Arsenic Catastrophe in Bangladesh: Mitigation Perspective and Implementation Challenges
Author: M.Habibur Rahman, A.Al-Muyeed and A.Ahmed
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Arsenic, technology, Bangladesh
Abstract: One of the worst health hazards in Bangladesh is arsenic contamination of drinking water, which demands immediate and urgent remedial measures. About 29 percent of the tested tubewells in the shallow aquifers are contaminated with arsenic beyound safe limits of Bangladesh standards and about 81 percent of the villages are now affected with this poison where 27 percent of those are beyound Bangladesh standard. This study indentifies treatment technologies and alternative water supply options presently available in Bangladesh for minimizing this catastrophe. The paper reveals that deep tubewells, well accepted by the communities during the past few decades, emerge to be a more suitable alternate option to mitigate this crisis in Bangladesh. Finally the paper identifies the challenges for institutionazing these treatment technologies or alternative water supply options in arsenic problem areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52554
Title: Assessing Vulnerability of the Arsenic Exposed Population in India
Author: Atanu Sarkar
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Chronic arsenicosis, consequences of diseases, diability, ICIDH, disparity, handicap, nutrition, occupation, policy, socio-economic status
Abstract: Arsenic contamination of groundwater is one of the most serious environmental health disasters occurred in India. Out of an estimated 9.7 million arsenic exposed population, nearly one million are showing various forms of clinical manifestations, including cancers. The current study aims to assess the social and health vulnerabilityo of the affected popullation to cope with arsenic pollution at the household and community levels. In arsenic affected villages, an extensive study has been conducted, which included household surveys, focus groups, informal discussions and interviews of concerned authorities, civil society organizations, political leaders and technical experts. Secondary data was collected by reviewing literature and policy documents. The World Health Organization ' s (WHO) International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) was used to measure the consequences of arsenicosis. Poverty was one of the major determinants of arsenic exposure level, severity of manifestations and consequences, which has a link with a subject ' s occupation, nutritional status, access to health care and good governance. The existing knowledge gap between the scientific community and local government has been the major obstacle in implementing a sustainable mitigation strategy. Social disparity (including gender) and lack of a political will have resulted in poor community participation during decision making and grass root planning respectively. Hence, several strategies cannot benefit in terms of improvement of symptoms. Rather, physical disability and disfigurement due to symptoms have made the poor more vulnerable to economic and social exclusion. The study has revealed that there is a need to incorporate the social determinants of arsenicosis in mitigation policy in order to reach out to the vulnerable section of the community.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52553
Title: Impacts of Industrial Pollution on Human Health: Empirical Evidences from an Industrial Hotspot (Kaliakoir) in Bangladesh
Author: Md. Golam Rabbani, Mehrab Chowdhury and Naima A. Khan
Editor: V.Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 1, January 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Water pollution, health, Bangladesh, industrial waste
Abstract: Water pollution impact on human health is a rising global concern. This pollution is largely caused by agriculture runoff, disposal of solid waste, sewage especially in the urban areas and discharge of untreated industrial waste. These have both direct and indirect adverse impacts on human health. There are about 1176 industrial units in the country of different types that pollute the river and wetlands especially around the urban areas This study was conducted to explore health hazards from industrial pollution in Kaliakoir, Bangladesh. Based on the author ' s analysis of primary and secondary data, the study reveals that the industrial pollution has caused several health problems for the local community in the vicinity of this industrial zone. Empirical evidence indicates that the incidence of skin diseases, ARI, anemia, peptic ulcer in the region, have been found to have increased betweeen 1998 and 2003. This implies that there are clear linkages between the negative impacts of water pollution due to rising industrial waste and effluents on human health.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None