ID: 52747
Title: Evaluation of methods to estimate foliage density in the understorey of a tropical evergreen forest
Author: Manjari Jain, Giby Kuriakose and Rohini Balakrishnan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Forest structure, foliage density, leaf area index, point quadrat, Western Ghats.
Abstract: Foliage density and leaf area index are important vegetation structure variables. They can be measured by several methods but few have been tested in tropical forests which have high structural heterogeneity. In this study, foliage density estimates by two indirect methods, the point quadrat and photographic methods, were compared with those obtained by direct leaf counts in the understorey of a wet evergreen forest in southern India. The point quadrat method has a tendency to overestimate, whereas the photographic method consistently and significantly underestimates foliage density. There was stratification within the understorey, with areas close to the ground having higher foliage densities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52746
Title: Land-ocean tectonic signatures of the Krishna-Godavari Basin, a qualitative evaluation
Author: A.S.Subrahmanyan, V.Subrahmanyam, K.V.L.N.S.Sarma, G.P.S.Murthy, K.S.R.Murthy
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52745
Title: Gondwana coals
Author: B.D.Singh and Alpana Singh
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52744
Title: Management of water and natural resources
Author: T.N.Narashimhan
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52743
Title: Environmental solutions to manage floods
Author: Silar Mohammed, Mohammed Ghouse
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52742
Title: Conservation of Ousteri Lake, Puducherry
Author: R. Alexandar
Editor: P.Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 98, No 4, 25 February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52741
Title: Object-based class modeling for cadastre-constrained delineation of geo-objects
Author: Dirk Tiede, Stefan Lang, Florian Albrecht, and Daniel Holbling
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Remote sensing technology, Monitoring
Abstract: Remote sensing technology still faces challenges when it comes to monitoring tasks that must be able to stand up to validation from technical, scientific, and practical points of view, in other words, when entering into established, fully operational workflows. In this paper, we present an approach for delineating and monitoring aggregated spatial units relevant to regional planning tasks, which has been fully validated within a 3.654 km2 area in the Stuttgart Region o fsouthwestern Germany. This has been achieved by developing algorithms for semi-automated (geo-) object-based class modeling of biotope complexes, which are aggregated, functionally homogeneous (but not necessarily spectrally homogenous) units. High levels of complexity in the target classes and the need for integration of auxiliary geodata as a priori knowledge meant that different methods of information extraction were required to be combined in an operational workflow, and that new validation strategies were needed for quality assessment. A total of 31,698 biotope complexes were delineated for the entire Stuttgart Region, with an average size of 11.5 ha for each complex. Approximately 86 percent of the biotope complex boundaries were shown to have been correctly delineated.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52740
Title: A geographic object -based approach in cellular automata modeling
Author: Niandry Moreno, Fang Wang, and Danielle J. Marceau
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Cellular automata (CA), neighborhood
Abstract: This paper describes an optimized implementaion of an object-based cellular automata (CA) model recently developed to overcome the sensitivity of standard raster CA models to cell size and neighborhood configuration. In this CA model, space is partitioned using a vector structure in which the polygons correspond to meaningful geographical entities. The model allows the geometric transformation of each object based on the influence of its respective neighbors. In addition, it incorporates the concept of dynamic neighborhood where the neighborhood relationships among objects are expressed semantically, removing any restriction of distance in the neighborhood definition. The optimized implementation described in this paper makes use of a spatial database and spatial indexes to handle several spatial operations, which considerably reduces the computation time required for the simulations. The model is simple, flexible and robust, and can be easily adapted to various geographic areas of different scales.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52739
Title: Automated Image -to-Map discrepancy detection using iterative trimming
Author: Julien Radoux and Pierre Defourny
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Vector database, automatic workflow
Abstract: Keeping existing vector databases up to date is a real challenge for GIS data providers. This study directly compares a map with a more recent image in order to detect the discrepancies between them. An automatic workflow was designed to process the image based on existing information extracted from the vector database. First, geographic object-based image analysis provided automatically labeled image segments after matching the vector database to the image. Then, discrepancies were detected using a statistical iterative trimming, where outliers were excluded based on a likelihood threshold. Applied on forest map updating, the proposed workflow was able to detect about 75 percent of the forest regeneration, and 100 percent of the clear cuts with less than 10 percent of commission errors. This discrepancy detection approach assumes that discrepancy corresponds to small proportion of the map area and is very promising in diverse applications thanks to its flexibility.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52738
Title: Real world objects in GEOBIA through the exploitation of existing digital cartography and image segmentation
Author: Geoffrey M.Smith and R.Daniel Morton
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), black art
Abstract: Descriptions of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) often identify image segmentation as the initial step. This may be reasonable in some cases, but segmentation might also be considered a "black art", due to its image dependence and the limited amount control available to users. The resulting segments reflect the spectral structure of the image rather than the physical structure of the land-scape with no one-to-one relationship between real world objects and segments. Geographic analysis often begins in the context of existing mapping. In regions with high quality large scale cartography, an obvious question is why is this information not used in the GEOBIA process? It is therefore proposed that GEOBIA be redefined to use the best existing real world feature datasets as the starting point before segmentation is considered. Such an approach would increase opportunities for integration, improve map update initiatives, and widen uptaken by end user communities.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52737
Title: Fuzzy image segmentation for urban Land-cover classification
Author: Ivan Lizarazo and Joana Barros
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Fuzzy Image-Regions Method (FIRME), GEOBIA
Abstract: A main problem of hard image segmentation is that, in complex landscapes, such as urban areas, it is very hard to produce meaningful crisp image-objects. This paper proposes a fuzzy approach for image segmentation aimed to produce fuzzy image-regions expressing degrees of membership of pixels to different target classes. This approach, called Fuzzy Image-Regions Method (FIRME), is a natural way to deal with the inherent ambiguity of remotely sensed images. The FIRME approach comprises three main stages: (a) image segmentation which creates fuzzy image-regions, (b) feature analysis which measures properties of fuzzy image regions, and (c) classification which produces the intended land-cover classes. The FIRME method was evaluated in a land-cover classification experiment using high spectral resolution imagery in an urban zone in Bogota, Colombia. Results suggest that in complex environments, fuzzy image segmentation may be a suitable alternative for GEOBIA as it produces higher thematic accuracy than the hard image segmentation and other traditional classifiers.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52736
Title: GEOBIA vegetation mapping in Great Smoky Mountains National park with spectral and non-spectral Ancillary information
Author: Minho Kim, Marguerite Madden, and Bo Xu
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), very high spatial resolution (VHR), Vegetation mapping
Abstract: Vegetation mapping was performed using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) and very high spatial resolution (VHR) imagery for two study areas in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. This study investigated how accurately GEOBIA with ancillary data emulates manual interpretation in rugged mountain areas for multi-level vegetation classes of the National Vegetation Classification System (NVCS). It was discovered that the incorporation of texture and topographic variables with spectral data from scanned color infrared aerial photographs increased the overall accuracy of GEOBIA vegetation classification by 2.8 percent and 5.0 percent Kappa. In a separate study using multispectral Ikonos imagery, the use of elevation, aspect, slope and proximity to streams produced NVCS macro-group vegetation segmentations that resembled manual interpretation and significantly improved the overall accuracy to 76.6 percent, Kappa 0.57. Ancillary information may thus aid in GEOBIA vegetation mapping for updating vegetation inventories in rugged mountain areas.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52735
Title: Comparison of Geo-object based and pixel-based change detection of Riparian environments using High spatial resolution multi-spectral imagery
Author: Kasper Johansen, Lara A. Arroyo, Stuart Phinn, and Christian Witte
Editor: Russell G.Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 76, No 2, February 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing
Keywords: QuickBird images, riparian land cover classes
Abstract: The objectives of this research were to (a) develop a geo-object-based classification system for accurately mapping riparian land-cover classes for two QuickBird images, and (b) compare change maps derived from geo-object-based and per-pixel inputs used in three change detection techniques. The change detection techniques included post-classification comparison, image differencing, and the tasseled cap transformation. Two QuickBird images, atmoshperically corrected to at-surface reflectance, were captured in May and August 2007 for a Savanna woodlands area along Mimosa Creek in Central Queenland, Australia. Concurrent in-situ land-cover identification and lidar data were used for calibration and validation. The geo-object-based classification results showed that the use of class-related features and membership functions could be standardized for classifying the two QuickBird images. The geo-object-based inputs provided more accurate change detection results than those derived from the pixel-based inputs, as the geo-object-based approach reduced mis-registration and shadowing effects and allowed inclusion of context relationships.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52734
Title: Changing water resources study using GIS and Spatial Model-A case study of Bhatar Block, district Burdwan, West Bengal, India
Author: Biplab Biswas
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: MRF, MRC, GIS, Remote Sensing, Water Resource, Sustainability
Abstract: Markov chains have been used to model spatial changes in a variety of spheres. Changes in social situations, economic standards, natural resource availability, and even weather conditions have been explored and predicted using Markov Random Function (MRF) and Markov Random Chains (MRC). In this section, we try to use data of Mahata village of Bhatar Block, extracted from GIS based maps/images in a MRC to obtain present transition probabilities and predict future changes. The village is facing the problem of decreasin gthe water table and at the same time the number of surface water bodies is also decreasing. This is a series situation for the development of the agricultural activities in general and at the same time it poses threat to the human habitation of the village in the long run. The average depth of the ground water table from ground level increased from 8 meter to 15 meter within the last 10 years. The threat is coming from the changes in land use and land cover, especially due to substantial extension of agricultural activities which is expanding at a very fast rate. Increasing population is also demanding more lands for settlement and industrial uses. The surface water bodies i.e. the ponds etc. are used for such intensive irrigation purposes. As a result the surface water bodies depletes before the onset of summer. The cultivators use those dried up ponds or surface water bodies for agricultural purposes also. There is thus a serious trend to convert the surface water bodies into the agricultural land. It is estimated using MRC, that in next 25 years, the number of surface water bodies will deplete by 50% in the agriculturally active Bhatar PS at the current rates of depletion. Shifting to less water needy crops, prevention of LULC conversion, and water harvesting would provide some solace to the situation.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52733
Title: GIS-based evaluation of Micro-watersheds to ascertain site suitability for water conservation structures
Author: Praveen G. Saptarshi, Rao Kumar Raghavendra
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 4, December 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
Keywords: Peak runoff, runoff, automated watershed delineation, spatial analysis, site suitability, morphologic parameters, rainfall intensity, multi-criteria analysis, composite erosion index
Abstract: The planning of conservation measures to conserve water and soil resources taking hydrological planning unit as micro-watershed is considered to be effective. The automated watershed delineation technique using the spline interpolated filled digital elevation model (DEM) is effective in converging slopes of the area in which the stream patterns match with the manually digitized stream patterns of the topographical map. The various vector spatial layers like the slope/aspect, land-use/ land-cover, runoff potential, soil erosion potential and the associated attribute information governing the criteria for different conservation structures can act as input layers in integrated spatial analysis module in GIS environment to evolve derived layers indicating the locations of conservation sites meeting the requistie criteria. The reliability of suitable conservation sites suggested out of integrated spatial GIS analysis could be ascertained using the multi criteria analysis incorporating the various factors controlling soil erosion process in the micro watershed groups. The details of the above work are discussed in the paper.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None