ID: 52912
Title: Comparative analysis of water quality parameters in extensive and semi-intensive shrimp ponds (Penaeus monodon)
Author: Hassan Taghavi Jelodar, Bhupal B. Chaugule and Vikram S. Ghole
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Water quality, extensive and semi-intensive pond, Penaeus monodon
Abstract: A study was conducted to compare the different shrimp farming methods in enhancing the water quality of shrimp grow-out ponds. Physical and chemical parameters of pond water were analysed monthly throughout the culture cycle. Comparison of environmental parameters studied in extensive and semi-intensive prawn culture farms at Pancham Aquaculture Farms Ltddd (PAFL), revealed that levels of temperature, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, levels were approximately the same or with minor differences. On the other hand, concentrations of Free Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Dissoved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Secchi disk, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), N/P ratio and Chlorophyll-a were dissimilar. The difference may be atributed to stocking density and feed input.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52911
Title: Study of municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping in a rain catchment area
Author: Anju Singh, Richa Gautam, Rajan Sharma and Manju Raina
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Dumping, Soil samples
Abstract: An increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its consequent disposal have become a major environmental issue in urban areas. Municipal waste arises from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sources. It is composed of paper, plastics, glass, cloth, metals, organic waste, inorganics, and ashes etc. The MSW dumping site in this case is surrounded by reserve forest with plant density of 40-50%, a residential colony and a rain catchment area. 40 samples of MSW and 2 control soil samples were analyzed for 20 parameters including pH, organic matter, specific gravity etc. This paper presents a study about the impact of open MSW dumping on land. It also suggests various mitigation measures which are cost effective and requrie less resources for example minimizing wastewater generation, managing non-point source pollution, decreasing soil erosion, development of comparative information to enable site selection, providing pysical barriers etc, which could lead to redevelopment of the study area and reversing the problems that persist there.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52910
Title: Influence of salicyclic acid on physiological factors in rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars
Author: T.A.Aghajanzadeh, O. Jazayeri and B.Sadeghpour Gildeh
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: a-amylase, growth factor, rice (Oryza sativa L), peroxidase, salicyclic acid
Abstract: The effects of salicyclic acid (SA) on germination, seedling and adult plant of rice (Oryza sativa L) were investigated. Four cultivars, traditional (Taroom mahalli and Taroom deilamani) and improved (Shafagh and Onda) were studied. For germination, seeds were sterilized and then placed on Petri dish at 30oC at different concentrations (0, 3, 6 and 9 m molL-1) for 7 days and growth factors of seedling were measured after 14 days. Seedling (10 days) planted in hydroponic medium with nutrient solution amended with 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg kg-1 SA. After 30 days, growth factors were determined ?-amylase and peroxidase activities were assayed by Bernfeld and Maehly methods, respectively. Our results revealed that in all cultivars germination percentage, rate and ?-amylase activity have decreased with increasing concentration of SA. In all cultivars, seedling growth factors such as shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight as well as root have reduced with increasing of SA. In adult plant, shoot and root length reduced with increasing concentration of SA in all cultivats but in none of cultivars fresh and dry weight in root and shoot did show significant difference. Chlorophyll content had reduced with increasing concentrations of SA in Shafagh and Onda (improved cultivars). Peroxidase activity in Shafagh and Onda (improved cultivars) increased.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52909
Title: Three decades of Dal lake pollution-Restoration
Author: Adnan Abubakr and M.R.D. Kundangar
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Dal Lake, changes in hydrochemistry and biodiversity, restoration measures
Abstract: Dal Lake (Lat. 34o - 6 ' N, 74o - 45 ' E, alt. 1583 m) situated in the heart of Srinagar city, the summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir State is under tremendous anthropogenic pressure. The myriad ways in which people use the lake along with the numerous pollutant-generating activities have stressed the lake ecosystem in diverse ways. Despite the fact number of restoration and conservation plans prepared by National and International agencies are being abortedly implemented by the State authorities, yet there is no significant improvement in Dal lake environment; the lake conditions as a whole continue to deteriorate at an alarming rate. The present paper attempts to record the changes in the hydrochemistry and biodiversity of the lake during the last three decades besides giving the current ecological status of the lake; summarizing the reasons for failure of lake conservation; suggesting measures for lake restoration based on ecosystem perspective and signifying use of wetland mediated technology for removal of biologically important nutrients.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52908
Title: Equilibrium and isotherm studies of sludge based activated carbon
Author: S. Govindasami, B.R. Phani Kumar, C. Balamurali Krishna and R. Mayildurai
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Activated carbon, Reactive red dye, Carbon dosage, Contact time, Solution concentration, Adsorption isotherms
Abstract: Activated carbon was prepared from the digested sludge of tannery industry and investigated the possibility of the removal of reactive red dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption of dye through this activated carbon was studied under various conditions such as dosage of carbon, equilibrium time and concentration of dye solution, particle size of the carbon, different pH and temperature of dye solution. The equilibrium time was obtained after 120 minutes for the concentrations of 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 60 mg/L. The optimum dosage of carbon was found to be 3.5 g to treat 250 ml of dye solution on all concentrations with the percent dye removal in the range of 88.93% to 100%. The effect of concentration of dye solution on adsorption was studied on all dosages of carbon at 120 minutes. An effect of particle size of carbon was tried with 150-300, 300-425, 425-600 and 600-1000 micron sizes and found that the adsorption capacity of carbon increased with decrease in particle size. The pH of the dye solution was taken in the range of 2 to 11 and the results showed that dye removal efficiency of carbon decreased from 100% to 83.53% with the increase in pH of dye solution. Effect of the temperature of the dye solution was also studied in the range of 30oC to 60oC and found that the dye removal efficiency of carbon decreased from 95.84% to 73.06% with the increase in temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin equilibrium isotherms fitted the data well, with the value of R2 = 0.9724, 0.8515, 0.8663 respectively. As the data are fitted the isotherms and the performance of carbon under various test conditions was good, the activated carbon prepared from the digested sludge of tannery industry may be effectively used in dye waste water treatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52907
Title: Combined effect of UV-B radiation (280-320 nm) and water stress on red gram
Author: Natarajan Shanthi and Govindaswamy Kulandaivelu
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Chl-chlorophyll, PSII-photosystem II, kDa-Kilo Dalton, Red gram, UV-B-ultraviolet-B
Abstract: After 5 days of growth under well water condition red gram seedlings were subjected to water stress and long term ultraviolet-B radiation (4hrs/day). The changes in growth, photosynthetic activity and chloroplast protein were studied. Compared to ambient, UV-B irradiation considerably decreased the plant growth, photosynthetic activity and chloroplast polypeptide expression. Such decrease was very high in combine stress (water stress UV-B radiations) plant than stress factors applied separately. The water stress treatment increase plants growth and other physiological process significantly compare to control, UV-B radiation and combine stress treated plant. Water stress not that much effective but it combine with UV-B treatment significantly affect all parameters.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52906
Title: Deleterious effect of commercial detergents on soil microorganisms
Author: Aju K. Asok, Santhosh Mathew and M.S. Jisha
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Synthetic detergents, Deghydrogenase, Resilience of soil
Abstract: The harmful effects caused by the widespread use of synthetic detergents and tis disposal to teh environment is an area to be investigated. A study in this aspect is conducted here with three different commercially available synthetic detergents Domex (D1), Henko D2) and Surf (D3). Three different concentrations of the selected detergents were applied to test soil viz., 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%. The study was done for 120 days with intermittent sampling on every fortnight and checked its effect on soil microbial count and dehydrogenase activity. It was found that the application of detergents reduced the total metabolic activity of the soil. But after a period of exposure it was found that the soil developed resilience mechanism to these toxic chemicals, and we got a steady microbial count and enzyme activity after that but in a lower rate than that of the untreated control soil. The results indicated that the soil microorganisms can be efficaciously used as test organisms in monitoring detergent contaminated soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52905
Title: Soil fertility status and fertilizer recommendations for major crops of Udaipur and Rajsamand districts of Rajasthan
Author: P.C.Kanthaliya, Arvind Verma and K.K.Yadav
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Nutrient Indices, Soil Fertility Status, Fertilizer Recommendations
Abstract: Soil test values of the analyzed soil samples during the period 1990-2000 were collected from the state Soil Testing Laboratories and were compiled at Panchayat Samities level and soil nutrient indices for N, P and K were prepared. On the basis on nutrient indices the fertility status were predicted and fertilizer recommendations for maize, sorghum, paddy, groundnut, soybean, kharif pulses, wheat, barley, gram and mustard were made.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52904
Title: Flood encroachment in Golestan rivers with GIS
Author: Saeid Shabanlou, Hosein Sedghi, Bahram Saghafian and Habib Musavi
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: HEC-GeoRAS, HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoHMS, HEC-HMS, Flood Encroachment
Abstract: Flood is a kind of phenomenon that overwhelms the land and seacoast and lead to a great damage and loss. Flood anchorage is all the schemes and appliances that decrease the impacts and ruination of flood. Our aim of this study is to measure the rate of flood hazard of the flood plains by discharges with different return period which are located in Golestan provinces. After digitizing the maps and obtaining the digital elevation model (DEM), the watersheds and sub-watersheds were recognized and their specifications like area, slope and the length of the main canal, were obtained by using Arc View software in GIS. Then with use of land use and permeability maps, permeability specifications and the Land use of the watershed were obtained and by compiling them in HEC-GeoHMS model. The CN of hte basins was obtained and HEC-HMS model was run for the specified region. According to the data which were recorded by rain gauges, the time distribution of rainfalls this region was obtained, then this time distributions was fitted to different return period of rainfalls, which were obtained based on reconstruction and completion of the recorded rainfall by rain gauges in the region. Using the recorded hydrographs in the rivers of the case study region, the specifications of the watersheds were calibrated and using them, the rainfalls by different return periods and the specifications control of the project, hydrographs was calculated and their maximum was considered as the design flood in order to flood encroachment. After that the sections geometric specifications of the canals was created in HEC-GeoRAS and then it was read with HEC-RAS. Then by using different return period flood hydrographs created in HEC-HMS zoning of the rivers was operated and flood hazard areas were recognized.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52903
Title: Influence of morpho- physiological characters on yield and hard seededness of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] lines during summer and kharif season
Author: Gaganpreet Kaur, Usha Parmar and T.S.Bains
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Hard seededness, kharif, Morpho-physiological characters, Mungbean, Summer, Yield
Abstract: Two hard (ML-613 and ML-131) and two non-hard (NM-54 and Pusa-9972) seeded mungbean lines were selected to examine the influence of different morpho-physiological characters viz. plant height, number of leaves, leaf area plant-1, leaf area of subtending leaves, ratio of leaf area of subtending leaves to leaf area of whole plant and leaf area index on the yielding ability and development of hard seeds in all the four lines under two sowing seasons (summer and kharif). Plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and leaf area plant-1 increased uniformly in hard seeded lines at all the stages contributing to their higher yield whereas, decrease in leaf area of subtending leaves and in ratio of leaf area of subtending leaves to leaf area of whole plant probably lead to formation of more hard seeds in these lines compared to non-hard seeded lines. Summer season was more favourable for quality seed formation but gave low yield than the kharif season suggesting that comparatively more vegetative growth and higher light interception during both the seasons lead to higher yield in hard seeded lines but percentage of hard seeds increased may be due to poor assimilate partitioning to the developing pods.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52902
Title: Studies on physico-chemical and biological parameters relation to blue revolution with reference to Yeldari DAM, Taluka Jintur, Dist. Parbhani (M.S.), India
Author: V.B. Pawar and Kshama Khobragade
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Yeldari dam, zooplankton, phytoplankton
Abstract: The present study has been carried out to investigate the effect of some physical, chemical and biological aspects of Yeldari dam. The parameters like pH, Temperature, alkalinity and free carbon dioxide have been studied for12 months period in 2006. Biological parameters like phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish production water are indispensable and one of the most precious of natural resources on this planet. Water is mostly needed by man for the Drinking, Irrigation, Industry and domestic needs. The dam situated between two mountain hills, its catchment area is on top of the hills. These physical parameters were studied in every month in second week. The difference between air and water temperature range was 2 to 7oC in first six months and 2 to 6oC in second six months. It was observed that there was a close relationship between the turbidity and transparency. The transparency values were lower in monsoon compared to summer and winter months. The pH of dam 6.9 to 7.5 in 12 months, a close co-relation between pH and bicarbonate alkalinity Dissolved oxygen recorded high in winter than monsoon and less in summer its range is 1.4 mg/L to 7.2 mg/L. Free carbon dioxide value is more in winter and less in summer season. Carbonate alkalinity is maximum in number and minimum in winter. The biological parameters, concerned with phytoplankton spirogyra, nostoc are more in number in summer and winter and totally absent in monsoon season. Whereas Zooplankton concerned Cyclops, birchonus and eurycerus are more in summer and winter season and less in monsoon season. Through the year Cyclops are dominant Zooplankton. So for fish fauna studied near about seven families and 5 order of fishes were recorded. The major crops are maximum like catla catla adn cyprinus carpio are excellently fast growing fishes. The total fish production of this dam in 2006, decreased so as compared to 2004 to 2005. The fish production in Yeldari Dam Tq. Jintur, Dist. Parbhani is better than other dam regarding to the fish fauna.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52901
Title: The coastal environment changes based on remote sensing data (A case study: S. Caspian, Iran)
Author: K. Solaimani
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Coastal changes, Remote Sensing, GIS, Mazandaran
Abstract: A method based on satellite remote sensing (SRS) was developed to detect newly coastal areas depicted in Landsat sensor images. The method uses two Landsat ETM and MSS images from the central Mazandaran province coast acquired on different dates as input data. Raising the sea level threatens alarmingly teh Caspian Sea coasts and created many problems especially in the southern parts where many highly concentrated urban settlements and agricultural area are located. Now more than 60 percent of the province urban population lives in this area. Advancing water towards the coastal areas have imposed considerable financial cost to the local and provincial authorities and caused environmental damages. Analyzing the reasons of sea level changes could provide a good background for determining the rate and intensity of changes. Using satellite data has been a great breakthrough in the recent decades especially in the developing world such as Iran where access to the direct and reliable data is difficult. The present study attempted to use satellite images of the area of 1997 and 2000 to investigate the major changes by applying ENVI and ArcGIS soft ware. The results revealed that the water has advanced 1.27% towards the study area when the two images were compared. However the extent of newly water covered areas reflects some differences due to teh position of the place such as topography and depth of the coastal area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52900
Title: Formulation of spirulina based feed (Spiroo-aqua Ayurvet Ltd.: Delhi) and its influence on feed metabolism in Cirrhinus mrigala
Author: K. Sithara and K. Kamalaveni
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Spirulina, Cirrhinus mrigala, Protein supplement
Abstract: In aquaculture practice fish feed forms the most expensive component which accounts to 55 to 60% of the total expenditure. Feeding experiment was conducted by using Spirulina incorporated diet for Cirrhinus mrigala at 0.25, 0.50, 1.0%. Diets without Spirulina were fed to control groups of fishes. The results revealed that the fish utilized the Spirulina diet more efficiently than control diet. Bioenergetic parameters such as feeding rate, absorption rate and growth rate were high in fish fed with spirulina diet and biochemical parameters such as protein, carbohydrate, lipids in muscle and liver tissue of fish fed with spirulina showed a significant increase over the control. The incorporation of Spirulina in the feed of fish is discussed in relation to feed metabolism.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52899
Title: Heavy metal contamination of agricultural lands and groundwater through urban effluent in vicinity of Ahar river
Author: K.K.Yadav and P.K. Singh
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Urban effluent, Heavy metals, soil, groundwater
Abstract: An intensive survey was conducted for two consecutive years and it was revealed that the soils irrigated with the groundwater from the wells situated near the river are more polluted with heavy metals as compared to the soils irrigated with the wells situated away from the river. The undesirable characteristics and heavy metal contamination of soils and groundwater in the middle and lower reaches were more prominent as compared to the soils and groundwater in the upper reaches of the Ahar river.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 52898
Title: Changes in characteristics of poultry droppings through environment friendly anaerobic fermentation
Author: R.Anuradha, P. Prabhu Prasadini, A.Rajashekhar Reddy and Md.Ajaz Ali Khan
Editor: R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 98, No 6, 25 March 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology- Environment & Conservation
Keywords: Poultry droppings, physico-chemica characteristics, Microbial assay
Abstract: The nutrient/manure value of poultry litter before and after biogas production was evaluated at laboratory level. Poultry droppings, biogas slurry and dried biogas slurry were analyzed for moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity and chemical composition i.e.nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese. Microbial assay was conducted for the presence of pathogens namely Salmonella sps and E.coli. Poultry droppings neutral in reaction (pH 7.0), containing 3.34 % N, 1.88 % P, 1.73 %K, 0.48 % Na, 3593 ppm Fe, 20.5 ppm Cu, 60.8 ppm Zn and 237.4 ppm Mn were used in the fresh form for biogas generation. Moisture content was highest in biogas slurry (90.5%) and lowest in the dried biogas slurry (6.2 %) and in poultry droppings it ranged between 60.9 to 70.3% within the time interval of 48 hours. In poultry droppings and biogas slurry the pH was neutral and in the dried biogas slurry it was moderately alkaline. Electrical conductivity was almost same through out the process. The nitrogen content of raw droppings and digested slurry was 3.34% where as it was reduced to 3.06% on drying of teh slurry. Other nutrients like phosphorous, potassium, sodium, iron, copper, zinc and manganese were higher in digested slurry samples compared to poultry droppings. The microbial assay indicated the presence of pathogens such as Salmonella sps and E. coli in poultry droppings. The tests were negative indicating their absence in both fresh and dried biogas slurry samples which could be because of the anaerobic digestion adn competitive inhibition inside the digester. Direct benefits of biogas generation from poultry manure include biogas production and biogas slurry as manure. Indirect benefits such as odour control, absence of fly/maggots menace, absence of pathogens viz., Salmonella sps and E.coli, make the technique eco-friendly.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None