ID: 53152
Title: Efficiency of Phnom Penh ' s Natural Wetlands in treating wastewater discharges
Author: Tiev Visoth, Mongtoeun Yim, Saneth Vathna, Kim Irvine and Thammarat Koottatep
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 2, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Wastewater treatment wetlands, metals, E.coli, detergents, dissolved oxygen, Phnom Penh
Abstract: Water quality samples were collected in three sewer channels discharging into the Boeng Cheung Ek treatment wetland and at two longitudinal sites within the wetland (mid-point and outlet), principally during the dry season, but also during storm events. YSI datasondes were installed to collect data at 15 - minute intervals for dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, temperature and pH, at two sites in the wetland. Levels of Cu, Cr, Zn, total phosphorus, nitrate, detergents, E.coli and total suspended solids entering Boeng Cheung Ek from the three main tributary sewer channels and levels in the outflow from the wetland were compared for the dry season. The difference in mean concentration between inlet and outlet reflected reductions in the range of 44% (nitrate) to 99.97% (E.coli), with other parameters fitting within this range. Load reductiosn also were calculated on a monthly basis. Several contaminants within the sewer channels were significantly diluted by stormwater during individual rain events, although this trend was not observed within the wetland. The YSI data exhibited both interesting daily trends for dissolved oxygen and dry season to rainy season trends in weekly mean values for dissolved oxygen and conductivity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53151
Title: Phnom Penh Sewer Modelling and Contaminant load estimates
Author: Kok Sothea, Sovann Chansopheaktra, Kim Irvine and Kelly Duval
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 2, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Stormwater management model, combined sewer system, surface flooding, metals loadings, Phnom Penh
Abstract: A version of the Stormwater Management Model (PCSWMM.NET) was applied to the sewer system of central and South Phnom Penh to model storm event flows. This section of the city is serviced by two main open sewer channels, Trabek and Meanchey, and the surface drainage area for these two channels was divided into 52 sewersheds for modelling purposes. A small (27 mm), medium (76.6 mm, the most representative storm) and large (392 mm, the worst case) storm event was modelled. Model calibration was done through observation of surface flooding locations and velocity measurements in the main sewer channels during the large storm. The model tended to under-predict mean velocity, but at a planning level seems to provide reasonable flow estimates. Storm event contaminant loadings were estimated for the large storm and Cu and Cr loadings were less than, but of the same magnitude, as an entire month of dry weather discharge. The model needs to be further refined by considering certain sewer flow diversions, pumping operations, and linking it to a wetlands model.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53150
Title: Levels of Cr, Cu and Zn in food stuffs from a Wastewater Treatment Wetland, Phnom Penh: A Preliminary Assessment of Health Risks
Author: Chea Eliyan, Va Dany and Kim Irvine
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 2, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Exposure pathway, Morning glory, fish, snails, heavy metals, risk assessment, wetland
Abstract: The naturally occurring wastewater treatment wetlands of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, also are home to a peri-urban community that actively harvests various food stuffs (vegetables, snails, fish) from the wetlands. Concern has been expressed about the potential health implications of eating food stuffs taken from the wetlands. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify the uses (e.g. fishing, shellfish cultivation, and aquatic plant harvesting) of wetlands through direct survey of users; analyze food stuffs to assess metals (Zn, Cu and Cr) levels; and develop simple contaminant exposure estimates for the survey participants. Sample collection and social surveys were conducted to fulfill the objectives of t;his research. It was found that the metals concentrations in vegetables were low compared to fishes and snails. The contaminant exposure estimates (risk assessment) of Morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica), the predominant vegetable in the study area, and fish, showed that Zn, Cu and Cr originating from consumption of these food stuffs still do not pose any serious health risk to the community (with the exception of Cr for children eating fish at one sample site). A higher risk was identified for children consuming snails, specifically with respect to Cr.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53149
Title: Emerging Helminths infection in snails and Cyprinoid fish in Sewage Treatment Wetlands waters in Cambodia
Author: Ratchadawan Ngoen-klan, Somsak Piangjai, Puckavadee Somwang, Kittikhun Moophayak, Kom Sukontason, Kabkeaw L. Sukontason, Mickey Sampson and Kim Irvine
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 2, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Opisthorchis viverrini, Bithynia snails, Cyprinidae fish, wetland, Cambodia
Abstract: The genesis of this study was to document the presence of infected freshwater snails and cyprinoid fish species that may serve as a source of trematode infection and to assess the prevalence of trematode infection in both snails and cyprinoid fish in the sewage treatment wetlands of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The field component was conducted two times a year (dry and rainy season) from March 2007 to May 2008. Snails and cyprinoid fish samples were obtained from four sites within the Boeng Cheung Ek wetland. Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia rubiginosa snail was found to be infected with the trematode cercariae of Gymnocephalus cercariae (intestinal and liver parasites in herbivorous mammals). Among 15 species of infected fish, the metacercariae of the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, was found in this study. Puntius orphoides contained the highest number of metacercariae of O. viverrini (374.31/kg) followed by Hampala dispar (120.33/kg), adn Henicorhynchus sp. (92.66/kg). The infection rate in both snails and fish exhibited a higher prevalence in the dry season than the rainy season. This investigation can help to characterize potential human health risks in the Boeng Cheung Ek wetlands of phenom Penh.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53148
Title: Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCBs) and Dichlorodiphyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in sediments in Boeng Cheung Ek, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Author: Sengheat Chak, Bart Kluskens and David Ford
Editor: Prof V. Subramanian
Year: 2010
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 7, No 2, July 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: PCBs, DDTs, HPLC, Wastewater treatment wetlands, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Abstract: In Cambodia, as in many other countries, PCBs and DDTs were used widely in many types of electrical equipment and in agriculture before being banned. They are, however, still being sold and used in Cambodia, and have been found in high levels in dead Irrawaddy dolphins from the Mekong river. Boeng Cheung Ek is a wetland area south of Phnom Penh that receives all wastewater from the south central part of the city before it flows into the Bassac river. A rapid method was performed to measure PCBs and DDTs in sediments from Boeng Cheung Ek by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that p,p ' - DDT and p,p ' -DDE (up to 100 ppb) and possibly some PCBs, were present in the sediment from sites near where the wastewater entered the wetland, but were below detection limits at the site just before the water leaves the wetland and enters the Bassac river. The results show that the wetland is effectively trapping these toxic compounds and protecting local river systems but should cause concern for people who eat fish and shell fish caught in Boeng Cheung Ek.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53147
Title: Polyembryony in Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (Wall. Ex G.Don) DC
Author: P.S.Negi and Sandeep Sharma
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53146
Title: Three new additions to the flora of Madhya Pradesh
Author: Achuta Nand Shukla and K.P.Singh
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53145
Title: Fuirena wallichiana Knuth. (Cyperaceae): New report for Gujarat State
Author: Rinku J. Desai and Vinay M. Raole
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53144
Title: Eragrostis cumingii Steud. (Poaceae): A new grass record for Maharashtra
Author: Tanveer A. Khan, G.S.Chaudhari and Pooja O. Pandey
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53143
Title: Growth performance of Mangroves in fresh water environment
Author: M.V.Durai
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53142
Title: Ecology of seed germination of Miswak-Salvadora persica Linn
Author: Mayank Tripathi and Hema Joshi
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Medicinal, Salvadora persica Linn, Arid, Afforestation, Seed germination
Abstract: The influence of various environmental factors viz. temperature, light and water stress on seed germination of Salvadora persica were investigated. Seeds were kept in glass Petri-dishes and three replicates were taken. From 10oC to 300C the germination was in increasing order after that it was constant at 350C and at 400C it was reduced. Exposure to prolonged far-red light inhibited seed germination and a short pulse of red light drastically increased seed germination. Increasing water-stress reduced percentage germination. This paper thus gives a clear picture of the strategies adapted by this important medicinal shrub to endure changes in the environmental conditions during the germination phase.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53141
Title: Markov model for predicting the land cover changes in Shimla district
Author: C. Jeganathan, P S. Roy and M.N. Jha
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Markov chain, Shimla, Forest, Transition probability, RSGIS
Abstract: Forests have been the key element in maintaining sustainability of many global phenomena. Human dependency on forests is both necessary and unavoidable and hence degradation of this natural resources is inevitable. The study aims to understand the change dynamics over past few decades in the Shimla district, using remote sensing and GIS based techniques. The tree cover area estimated during 1970s, 80s and 90s were 50.65%, 48.30% and 52.31% respectively. The classified images were analysed for changes and found that 2.35% of net tree cover changed into non-tree cover during 1972 to 1989 but during 1989 to 1999 the trend changed into a net positive one with the increase of tree cover by 4.01%. Transition probabilities of each land cover features were calculated for the three-time periods (72-89, 89-99 and 72-99) and then analysed for their statistical significance using Markov chain model. Based on the findings, a non-spatial temporal Markov prediction was made for the year 2009. The predicted forest area in 2009 is 55.49% with the 5% error under Markovian assumption of stationarity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53140
Title: Wound response in teak trees from Western Ghats of India and its potential in Dendroecology
Author: Satish Kumar Sinha, M.S.Deepak and R.Vijendra Rao
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Dendroecology, Scars, Wound, Dendrochronological technique
Abstract: Investigations on tree ring analysis in Tectona grandis Linn (teak) from Western Ghats showed the presence of crescent, elongate and triangular - shaped scars as evidence of wounds due to insect, fire damage and nail penetration. Insect wounds remained open and restoration of disrupted cambium took five to six years. In cross section, most discs displayed little callus tissue. Fire scars were identified by the presence of charcoal around the scars and elongated scars were due to nail penetration . Each of these are potential sources to establish a relationship with dendroecology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53139
Title: Evaluating biometric traits for selecting elite trees in Acacia nilotica (Var. Indica) based on progeny trials in tropical India
Author: J.Jayaprakash, A.C.Rathore, A.Raizada, Charan Singh and M.G.Dasthagir
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Biometric, Genetic advance, Phenotypic variation, Genotypic variation
Abstract: To improve the growth and yield of Acacia nilotica Linn. (Babul) a study was conducted using genetically superior elite trees. The study revealed that the selected traits viz. plant height, basal diameter, number of branches and volume were highly significant which indicate higher variability among half-sibs. Further, regression analysis revealed that the half-sibs of TNPKM 1 and KRKL2 are best and may be utilized for future breeding programmes. Overall study implies that the traits like plant height, basal diameter and number of branches have maximum influence on volume, hence the traits will be useful in selecting Acacia nilotica trees for agroforestry development programmes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53138
Title: Bamboo resource and its role in ecological security
Author: Y.C.Tripathi and Lalnunsanga Khawlhring
Editor: Dr. V.R.R. Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, May 2010, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Bamboo, Environmental degradation, Climate Change, Carbon sequestration
Abstract: Rapid and alarming deterioration in natural environment has become a matter of great concern for the entire globe. Exploding population, industrialization, man-made pollution, loss of forests, etc. are responsible for this desastrous ecological scenario. Carbon dioxide emissions are at historic highs and rising. Bamboo is emerged as a way out to effectively combat these problems. Development of bamboo resources and industries worldwide may promote economic and environmental growth, mitigate deforestation, prevent soil degradation, restore degraded lands and provide cleaner environment addressing the livelihood and poverty alleviation issues at the same time. The paper describes role of bamboo in controlling soil erosion, water conservation, land rehabilitation and carbon sequestration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None