ID: 66515
Title: An inventory of grass species in the Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus Hylocrius) habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Ganesan, M.G., Ganesh Ram, K., Subbaiyan, B., Manigandan, K., Rajeshkumar, N. and Nesan, T
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 230-238 (2025)
Subject: An inventory of grass species in the Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus Hylocrius) habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
Keywords: Nilgiri tahr, Anamalai, grass species, forage species, Arundinella, Andropogon
Abstract: Grasslands are highly dynamic and important since they are sensitive to global
warming and act as an important forage source for the endangered Nilgiri tahr
(Nilgiritragus hylocrius). It is a natural habitat dominated by grasses and contains few
trees and shrubs. The present study examined grass diversity within the habitat of the
Nilgiri tahr in the Anamalai Hills. A total of 45 grass species under 26 genera have been
identified in the study area. Notable species include Arundinella mesophylla, Arundinella
purpurea, Heteropogon contortus, Chrysopogon zeylanicus, Andropogon lividus, Themeda
triandra, Themeda tremula, Tripogon bromoides and Eragrostis unioloides. All are unique
and serve as an important food for the Nilgiri tahr. Forest fires, grazing, invasive species,
and infrastructure development in the Nilgiri tahr habitats threaten forage grasses. The
findings from this research will be valuable for the conservation of the shola grasslands
species' presence in Nilgiri tahr habitat.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Champion, H. G., & Seth, S. K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India.
Government of India, Manager of Publications, University of Minnesota, 404
pages.
Clayton W.D., Vorontsova, M.S., Harman, K.T. &Williamson, H. (2016). Grass Base - The
Online World Grass Flora, https://www.kew.org/data/grassbase/index.html
Literature cited 2: Davidar, E.R.C. (1978): Distribution and status of the Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius)
1975-78. J. Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc. 75(3): 815-844.
Fischer, C.E.C. (1921). A survey of the flora of the Anamalai Hills in the Coimbatore
District, Madras Presidency, Records of the Botanical Survey of India, 218 pages
ID: 66514
Title: Light microscopic studies of some Pollen Morphotypes of the Upper Montane Nilgiri flora
Author: Lazar, J., Prasad, S. and Anupama, K.
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 214-229 (2025)
Subject: Light microscopic studies of some Pollen Morphotypes of the Upper Montane Nilgiri flora
Keywords: Pollen traits; climatic changes; palaeoecology; palaeoclimatology; vegetation reconstruction
Abstract: The study of the microscopic features of the pollen grains, Palynology, provides
robust inputs for understanding the flora when combined with the habits and habitats
of the plants that yielded them. The present study investigates the pollen morphological
features of a selection of 18 pollen taxa recovered from six surface soil samples from
grasslands in the upper montane region of the Nilgiris, a biodiversity hotspot in the
Western Ghats of India, characterized by alternate stable states (forests, grasslands and
swamps). Samples were collected during January and March 2024, in the framework of
the ongoing Nilgiri Archeological project. This Light Microscopic study focuses on
identifying and classifying pollen morphotypes based on the morphological
characteristics of the pollen wall, the exine that remains as a proxy of the plant that
produced it, contributing to our understanding of the local vegetation and landscape
dynamics. The qualitative and quantitative pollen morphological features observed
were: aperture type, shape, size and exine ornamentation in a mix of arboreal (Olea
glandulifera–t, Meliosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Ilex, Ligustrum, Pinus, Rapanea,
Daphniphyllum and Acacia) and non-arboreal pollen taxa (Justicia–t, Apiaceae,
Impatiens, Artemisia, Asteraceae (echinate), Asteraceae (fenestrate), Cyperaceae,
Gentianaceae and Poaceae). In addition to helping identify the possible plant groups
that produced them, the diversity of traits in the pollen morphotypes reflects
adaptations of the plants to different ecological conditions providing some insights into
pollen biology and their role in plant systematics. Site-specific variations in distribution
of the pollen morphotypes within the dataset of surface samples presented are also
briefly discussed in view of factors (e.g., edaphic, microclimatic, topographic and
anthropogenic) affecting pollen deposition. As pollen remains one of the best-preserved
plant proxies in past sedimentary deposits, critical insights into regional pollen The study of the microscopic features of the pollen grains, Palynology, provides
robust inputs for understanding the flora when combined with the habits and habitats
of the plants that yielded them. The present study investigates the pollen morphological
features of a selection of 18 pollen taxa recovered from six surface soil samples from
grasslands in the upper montane region of the Nilgiris, a biodiversity hotspot in the
Western Ghats of India, characterized by alternate stable states (forests, grasslands and
swamps). Samples were collected during January and March 2024, in the framework of
the ongoing Nilgiri Archeological project. This Light Microscopic study focuses on
identifying and classifying pollen morphotypes based on the morphological
characteristics of the pollen wall, the exine that remains as a proxy of the plant that
produced it, contributing to our understanding of the local vegetation and landscape
dynamics. The qualitative and quantitative pollen morphological features observed
were: aperture type, shape, size and exine ornamentation in a mix of arboreal (Olea
glandulifera–t, Meliosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Ilex, Ligustrum, Pinus, Rapanea,
Daphniphyllum and Acacia) and non-arboreal pollen taxa (Justicia–t, Apiaceae,
Impatiens, Artemisia, Asteraceae (echinate), Asteraceae (fenestrate), Cyperaceae,
Gentianaceae and Poaceae). In addition to helping identify the possible plant groups
that produced them, the diversity of traits in the pollen morphotypes reflects
adaptations of the plants to different ecological conditions providing some insights into
pollen biology and their role in plant systematics. Site-specific variations in distribution
of the pollen morphotypes within the dataset of surface samples presented are also
briefly discussed in view of factors (e.g., edaphic, microclimatic, topographic and
anthropogenic) affecting pollen deposition. As pollen remains one of the best-preserved
plant proxies in past sedimentary deposits, critical insights into regional pollen The study of the microscopic features of the pollen grains, Palynology, provides
robust inputs for understanding the flora when combined with the habits and habitats
of the plants that yielded them. The present study investigates the pollen morphological
features of a selection of 18 pollen taxa recovered from six surface soil samples from
grasslands in the upper montane region of the Nilgiris, a biodiversity hotspot in the
Western Ghats of India, characterized by alternate stable states (forests, grasslands and
swamps). Samples were collected during January and March 2024, in the framework of
the ongoing Nilgiri Archeological project. This Light Microscopic study focuses on
identifying and classifying pollen morphotypes based on the morphological
characteristics of the pollen wall, the exine that remains as a proxy of the plant that
produced it, contributing to our understanding of the local vegetation and landscape
dynamics. The qualitative and quantitative pollen morphological features observed
were: aperture type, shape, size and exine ornamentation in a mix of arboreal (Olea
glandulifera–t, Meliosma, Dodonaea viscosa, Ilex, Ligustrum, Pinus, Rapanea,
Daphniphyllum and Acacia) and non-arboreal pollen taxa (Justicia–t, Apiaceae,
Impatiens, Artemisia, Asteraceae (echinate), Asteraceae (fenestrate), Cyperaceae,
Gentianaceae and Poaceae). In addition to helping identify the possible plant groups
that produced them, the diversity of traits in the pollen morphotypes reflects
adaptations of the plants to different ecological conditions providing some insights into
pollen biology and their role in plant systematics. Site-specific variations in distribution
of the pollen morphotypes within the dataset of surface samples presented are also
briefly discussed in view of factors (e.g., edaphic, microclimatic, topographic and
anthropogenic) affecting pollen deposition. As pollen remains one of the best-preserved
plant proxies in past sedimentary deposits, critical insights into regional pollen morphology holds the key to broader applications such as the interpretation of present
and past vegetation structures, foraging preferences of pollinators like native
honeybees and other similar applications.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anupama, K., Prasad, S., & Reddy, C.S. (2014a). Vegetation, land cover and land use
changes of the last 200 years in the Eastern Ghats (southern India) inferred from
pollen analysis of sediments from a rain-fed tank and remote sensing. Quaternary
International, 325: 93–104.
Anupama, K., Premathilake, R., Prasad, S., & Rajan, K. (2014b). Phytolith and pollen
studies at Porunthal, Appendix F, In: K. Rajan & V. P. Yathees Kumar, Archeology
of Amaravathi River Valley- Porunthal excavations (vol 2), IGRMS, Bhopal &
Sharada Publishing House, Delhi, pp. 557–564 & 3 Plates, ISBN: 978-93-83221-
01-1.
Literature cited 2: Bhagwat, S.A., Nogué, S., & Willis, K.J. (2012). Resilience of an ancient tropical forest
landscape to 7500 years of environmental change. Biological Conservation, 153:
108–117.
Birks, H. J. B., & Berglund, B. E. (2018). One hundred years of Quaternary pollen analysis
1916–2016. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 27, 271–309.
ID: 66513
Title: Babesiosis: a threat for captive wild felids – a case report of captive lion (panthera leo) at Arignar Anna zoological park, Chennai, India
Author: Sandhya, P., Divya, D., Sridhar, K., Vasanthakumari, D., Siva Ranjani, S. and Udhayan, A.
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 207-213 (2025)
Subject: Babesiosis: a threat for captive wild felids – a case report of captive lion (panthera leo) at Arignar Anna zoological park, Chennai, India
Keywords: Haemoprotozoan, Babesia, wildlife, vectors
Abstract: Haemoprotozoan infections, particularly babesiosis, cause significant health
risks to captive wildlife, including felids. A survey was conducted from March 2023 to
March 2024 to examine haematophagous infections in Zoo carnivores, by microscopic
and molecular methods. This study reports the first molecular confirmation of Babesia
panickeri infection in a captive lion (Panthera leo) at Arignar Anna Zoological Park,
India. A blood sample was collected from the caudal vein of an unhealthy lioness named
Jaya, who exhibited clinical signs consistent with infection, including lethargy and loss
of appetite. Polymerase chain reaction targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia spp. was
performed using a genus-specific primer generating a 619 bp amplicon, confirming the
presence of Babesia spp. The PCR product was purified and sequenced. Phylogenetic
analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura-Nei model;
sample sequence showed a 96% bootstrap-supported relationship with Babesia
panickeri which was recently isolated and described in Kerala, India. This finding
showed the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying haemoprotozoan
infections in captive wildlife and possible potential cause due to tick vectors in disease
transmission. Captive felids are particularly vulnerable to haemoprotozoan infections
due to stress, a closed environment, and increased exposure to arthropod vectors.
Effective management strategies, including improved diagnostic tools and vector
control measures, are essential to mitigate the health risks of haemoprotozoan
infections in captive felids.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alvarado-Rybak, M., Solano-Gallego, L., & Millán, J. (2016). A review of piroplasmid
infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health
and wildlife conservation. Parasites & vectors, 9(1), pp.1-19.
Callow, L.L. (1984). Protozoan and rickettsial diseases. In: Australian Bureau of Animal
Health, Animal Health in Australia. Vol 5. Australian Government Publishing
Service, Canberra, pp 121-216
Literature cited 2: Das, G., Ray, D.D., & Bansal, G.C. (2002). Theileria annulata: characterization of infection
in bovine blood by PCR. J. Parasitic Diseases. 26: 55-56
Green, J., Jakins, C., Asfaw, E., Bruschi, N., Parker, A., de Waal, L., & D’Cruze, N. (2020).
African lions and zoonotic diseases: implications for commercial lion farms in
South Africa. Animals, 10(9), 1692.
ID: 66512
Title: Development of Normal Thermography Data For Asian Elephants at Anamalai and Mudumalai Elephant Camps, Tamil Nadu
Author: Madeswaran, R., Kumar, K., Siva Ranjani, S., Eswaran, D., Senbagapriya, S. and Udhayan, A
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 190-206 (2025)
Subject: Development of Normal Thermography Data For Asian Elephants at Anamalai and Mudumalai Elephant Camps, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Infrared thermography; captive elephants; diagnostic tool; thermoregulation; surface temperature
Abstract: The captive elephants at Anamalai and Mudumalai Elephant Camps, managed by
the Tamil Nadu Forest Department for conservation and tourism, are integral to the
cultural heritage of Tamil Nadu. However, these animals face a range of physiological,
psychological, and pathological challenges. Infrared thermography has been proven in
numerous studies to provide reliable, repeatable results in monitoring
thermoregulation and surface temperature variations in animals, helping to identify
potential health issues. This study applied infrared thermography as a diagnostic tool to
assess the health of the captive Asian elephants at the Anamalai and Mudumalai
elephant camps. The study was conducted over one year, with infrared thermal images
captured periodically from October 2023 to May 2024. A total of 54 elephants were
involved in this study, including 24 from the Anamalai camp, 19 from the Mudumalai
camp, and 11 female elephants from the Elephant Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre,
Tiruchirapalli. Baseline thermographic data for major body parts (head, ear, trunk,
forelimbs, and hindlimbs) were recorded and established individually. The
thermograph of the eye was also extensively recorded. Factors causing deviations from
normal thermographic patterns were also observed and documented. The study
explored the field applications of infrared thermography, while also highlighting its
limitations. Additionally, the study successfully detected and monitored injuries and
health conditions, such as inflammations, wounds, and abscesses, based on variations in
surface temperature. In conclusion, the study underscores the significant potential of
infrared thermography as an invaluable tool for enhancing the management and care of
captive elephants.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aragona, F., Rizzo, M., Arfuso, F., Acri, G., Fazio, F., Piccione, G., & Giannetto, C. (2024). Eye temperature measured with infrared thermography to assess stress
responses to road transport in horses. Animals, 14(13), 1877.
Arciero, P. J., Goran, M. I., & Poehlman, E. T. (1993). Resting metabolic rate is lower in women than in men. Journal of Applied Physiology, 75(6), 2514-2520.
Literature cited 2: Arivazhagan, C., & Sukumar, R. (2008). Constructing age structures of Asian elephant
populations: A comparison of two field methods of age estimation. Gajah, 29, 11-
16.
Baiu, I., & Melendez, E. (2018). Skin abscess. JAMA, 319(13), 1405-1405.
ID: 66511
Title: Age and Sex Influence Seed Dispersal of native and non-native Plants By Lion-Tailed Macaques Macaca Silenus
Author: Bindu K, Honnavalli N. Kumara and Rohit Naniwadekar
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 170-185 (2025)
Subject: Age and Sex Influence Seed Dispersal of native and non-native Plants By Lion-Tailed Macaques Macaca Silenus
Keywords: Alien invasive species; anthropogenic disturbance; primate seed dispersal; Western Ghats
Abstract: Intraspecific variation in seed dispersal by vertebrates due to differences in body
size, foraging behaviours, and ranging patterns within a species is relatively
understudied. Among vertebrates, primates play a critical role in seed dispersal and
exhibit behavioural differences between age and sex categories, making them a suitable
study system for intraspecific variation in seed dispersal. Lion-tailed macaques, an
endemic frugivorous primate species in the Western Ghats, provide an excellent model
for such studies. We examined the influence of age and sex on 1) the diversity and 2) the
quantity of native and non-native fruits consumed, 3) the number of seeds dispersed, 4)
seed dispersal distance, and 5) seed deposition substrates in lion-tailed macaques. We
conducted over 375 hours of focal animal watches, distributed evenly across adult
males, females, and subadults. Our findings showed that subadults consumed a higher
diversity of native and non-native fruits than females and males. They dispersed fewer
Ficus sp seeds than females. We found differences in the proportions of non-native fruits
in the diets of different age-sex categories. Adult males consumed more Coffea liberica,
whereas adult females and subadults (both sexes) fed on C. liberica and Lantana sp. We
found weak evidence suggesting that males were dispersing more Ficus seeds. Our
study highlights that age and sex influenced seed dispersal patterns of native and nonnative plant species by an endemic, frugivorous primate species with potential influence
on plant recruitment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bartel, S., & Orrock, J. (2021). The dominant role of animal social status in vertebrate seed
dispersal,
Benítez-Malvido, J., González-Di Pierro, A. Ma., Lombera, R., Guillén, S., & Estrada, A.
(2014). Seed source, seed traits, and frugivore habits: Implications for dispersal
quality of two sympatric primates. American Journal of Botany, 101(6), 970–978.
https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400147
Literature cited 2: Benitez-Malvido, J., Martínez-Falcón, A. P., Dattilo, W., González-DiPierro, A. M., Lombera
Estrada, R., & Traveset, A. (2016). The role of sex and age in the architecture of
4th Annual Research Conference, Feb. 13-14, 2025, AIWC (R, T & E), TNFD, Vandalur, Tamil Nadu.
186
intrapopulation howler monkey-plant networks in continuous and fragmented
rain forests. PeerJ, 4, e1809. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1809
Canale, G. R., Suscke, P., Rocha-Santos, L., Bernardo, C. S. S., Kierulff, M. C. M., & Chivers,
D. J. (2016). Seed Dispersal of Threatened Tree Species by a Critically
Endangered Primate in a Brazilian Hotspot. Folia Primatologica, 87(3), 123–140.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000447712
ID: 66510
Title: Effect of Land-Use Change on The Abundance of Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa Macroura), around the Protected Area of Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve, Srivilliputhur Division, Tamil Nadu
Author: Shilpa Bevoor, Gopi, G.V., Goyal, S.P. and Varun Kher
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 158-169 (2025)
Subject: Effect of Land-Use Change on The Abundance of Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa Macroura), around the Protected Area of Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve, Srivilliputhur Division, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: - Land-use and land cover, protected area, eco-sensitive zone, Grizzled giant squirrel, density estimation, distance sampling
Abstract: Human-induced land-use changes have significantly altered wildlife habitats,
affecting biodiversity worldwide. In the Western Ghats of India, extensive conversion of
forests into agricultural land and plantations has reshaped ecosystems, influencing
species distribution and behavior. The Grizzled giant squirrel (GGS- Ratufa macroura),
an endemic and Near Threatened species, faces increasing habitat fragmentation due to
such land-use changes. This study examines the impact of land-use transitions on GGS
abundance in the Srivilliputhur-Meghamalai Tiger Reserve (SMTR) and its surrounding
eco-sensitive zone (ESZ). A decadal land-use land-cover (LULC) analysis for the ESZ
from 1993 to 2023 revealed a 152.76% increase in plantation area, while fallow land
declined by 42.97%. Squirrel and drey densities were estimated in protected areas and
in ESZ using distance sampling techniques, with sightings recorded along transects.
The results indicate that GGS density varied significantly across habitats, with
the highest densities observed in plantations with both coconut and mango in the ESZ.
However, the lowest density was found in riparian forests within the protected area.
The species is increasingly utilizing plantations, likely due to food availability and
canopy connectivity. The expansion of plantations has facilitated greater movement of
squirrels into farmlands, intensifying human-wildlife conflicts. This study highlights the
importance of understanding habitat preferences and land-use dynamics to develop
conservation strategies for the GGS. The findings underscore the need for sustainable
plantation management, habitat restoration, and conflict mitigation measures to ensure
the long-term survival of this species. Future conservation efforts should focus on
maintaining tree canopy connectivity.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alroy, J. (2017). Effects of habitat disturbance on tropical forest biodiversity.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(23), 6056-6061.
Babu, S., & Kalaimani, A. (2014). New site record of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa
macroura from Thiruvannamalai Forest Division, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu,
India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6(2), 5492-5493
Literature cited 2: Baskaran, N., Senthilkumar, K. & Saravanan, M. (2011). A new site record of the Grizzled
Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) in the Hosur forest division, Eastern Ghats, India and its conservation significance. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(6):
1837– 1841
Davidar, P. (1989). Grizzled Giant squirrel Ratufa macroura-distribution in
Kudirayar. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 86(3), 437.
Govind, S. K. & Jayson, E. A. (2018). Crop damage by wild animals in Thrissur District,
Kerala, India. Indian Hotspots: Vertebrate Faunal Diversity, Conservation and
Management Volume 2, 309-323.
ID: 66509
Title: Assessing the Wildlife-Domestic Dog Interface Inmudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu
Author: Sanjana Vadakke Kuruppath, Varun Kher and Ramesh, K.
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 142-157 (2025)
Subject: Assessing the Wildlife-Domestic Dog Interface Inmudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Canis familiaris, mammals, camera trapping, spatio-temporal overlap
Abstract: Dogs are considered to be a destructive invasive species, harming wildlife by
preying on native herbivores, competing with native carnivores, mating with wild
canids and transmitting disease to wild populations. This issue is particularly pressing
in India, where large dog populations are closely connected with fragmented natural
ecosystems harbouring diverse wildlife. This study was conducted from February to
March 2025 to understand the spatial and temporal overlap between dogs and
mammalian wildlife in the Masinagudi and Singara ranges of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve,
focusing on the interface with the dog populations in five villages. Camera trapping was
carried out for two weeks each within the boundaries of each village, and this data was
compared with forest camera trapping data from 2021 to understand how dogs’ use of
space and time overlap with different wild species in the village versus the forest. We
found that wildlife adjust their activity patterns to be more active at night and less
active during the day close to villages, compared to the forest. Dogs, being diurnal, were
therefore less likely to encounter wildlife near villages compared to the forest. A similar
pattern was found with respect to space – certain wildlife species were present at fewer
sites closer to villages compared to forest sites, reducing the risk of encountering dogs
or other sources of disturbance. Overall, despite the high dog population in the region
(n=1200), they may be less likely to encounter wildlife than expected, as the wildlife
species adjust their use of space and time to avoid them. This indicates that the dog
population that resides in villages may not be of significant concern. Rather, the
minority of the dog population that regularly enters the forest needs to be monitored
and controlled where necessary.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Allen, M. L., Sibarani, M. C., & Krofel, M. (2021). Predicting preferred prey of Sumatran
tigers Panthera tigris sumatrae via spatio-temporal overlap. Oryx, 55(2), 197–
203, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605319000577.
Bryce, C. M., Davis, M. S., Gompper, M. E., Hurt, A., Koster, J. M., Larson, G., Ostrander, E.
A., Udell, M. A. R., Urfer, S., Wirsing, A. J., & Jimenez, A. G. (2021). Biology’s Best
Friend: Bridging Disciplinary Gaps to Advance Canine Science. Integrative and
Comparative Biology, 61(1), 76–92, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab072.
Literature cited 2: Carvalho, W., Rosalino, L., Godoy, M., Giorgete, M., Adania, C., & Esbérard, C. (2019).
Temporal activity of rural free-ranging dogs: Implications for the predator and
prey species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Neobiota, 45, 55–74,
https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.45.30645.
Doherty, T. S., Dickman, C. R., Glen, A. S., Newsome, T. M., Nimmo, D. G., Ritchie, E. G.,
Vanak, A. T., & Wirsing, A. J. (2017). The global impacts of domestic dogs on
threatened vertebrates. Biological Conservation, 210, 56–59,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.04.007
ID: 66508
Title: Understanding the Ecology of Lesser-Known Mammals in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu
Author: Vandana Kannan, Mathesan, R., Vijay Ramesh, Anita Varghese and Pratim Roy
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 127-141 (2025)
Subject: Understanding the Ecology of Lesser-Known Mammals in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Indian pangolin, grey slender loris, burrow, PAM, BirdNET, STR
Abstract: Regional scientific research is critical for conserving threatened mammals, many
of which are understudied. This study focused on two nocturnal, lesser-known, cryptic
mammals under the IUCN Red List, the Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and the
Grey slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus) in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR), where
there is no prior research available on both species. We studied the distribution of both
mammals in STR, estimating the population density and habitat use of the Indian
pangolin using burrow count surveys and a borescope, and determined the
presence/absence of the Grey slender loris (GSL) in 21 study sites using passive
acoustic monitoring (PAM) and BirdNET, a deep learning model. We encountered 62
pangolin burrows, out of which 19 were active. The population density was estimated to
be 0.32 ± 0.24 (mean ± SD) individuals/km2. For the GSL, we deployed AudioMoth audio
recorders in two seasons: March-April 2024 and September-October 2024 and recorded
between 1800 and 0500 hours for 17 days, and developed a BirdNET model for
automatic prediction of GSL whistle calls. GSL presence was confirmed in 13 out of 21
sites in STR. The BirdNET model produced 625 true positive predictions with a
precision rate of 76%. We did not observe any patterns in the vocalizing time of GSL
across our study period. PAM and BirdNET were highly effective monitoring tools for
cryptic vocalizing species, being non-invasive, cost-effective, and user-friendly. Our
recommendations for management include a) create awareness and prepare a
conservation for declaring STR as a good habitat for the pangolin and GSL, b) promote
long-term population monitoring studies for the pangolin and GSL c) conduct the use of
PAM in wildlife monitoring, and d) facilitate more research studies on lesser-known
taxa.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aditya, V., Komanduri, K. P., Subhedar, R., & Ganesh, T. (2021). Integrating camera traps
and community knowledge to assess the status of the Indian pangolin (Manis
crassicaudata) in the Eastern Ghats, India. Oryx, 55(5), 677–683.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605319001303
Akrim, F., Mahmood, T., Hussain, R., Qasim, S., & Zangi, I. (2017). Distribution pattern,
population estimation, and threats to the Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)
(Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) in and around Pir Lasura National Park, Azad
Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 9(3), 9920–9927.
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.2914.9.3.9920-9927
Literature cited 2: Begon, M. (1979). Investigating Animal Abundance: Capture recapture methods. Nature,
279.
Clink, D. J., Cross-Jaya, H., Kim, J., Ahmad, A. H., Hong, M., Sala, R., Birot, H., Agger, C., Vu,
T. T., Thi, H. N., Chi, T. N., & Klinck, H. (2024). Benchmarking automated detection
and classification approaches for monitoring of endangered species: A case study
on gibbons from Cambodia (p. 2024.08.17.608420). BioRxiv.
https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.17.608420
ID: 66507
Title: First Synchronized Population Estimation and Social Organization Of Nilgiri Tahr Nilgiritragus Hylocrius in Tamil Nadu, South India
Author: Ganesan, M.G , Ganesh Ram, K., Priyanka, S., Subbaiyan, B., Manigandan, K., Rajeshkumar, N., Nesan, T., and Ashokkumar, M.
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 113-126 (2025)
Subject: First Synchronized Population Estimation and Social Organization Of Nilgiri Tahr Nilgiritragus Hylocrius in Tamil Nadu, South India
Keywords: Nilgiri tahr, population estimation, Anamalai hills, Nilgiris, age composition, newly colonized habitats of tahr
Abstract: The Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is an endangered and endemic mountain
ungulate of the Southern Western Ghats of India. The tahr population is threatened by
habitat loss, fragmentation, and population isolation in its distributional ranges.
Though the population estimates from certain protected areas were available for the
study species, it was not comprehensive. The first synchronized survey on Nilgiri tahr
in its distributional range was surveyed in 140 survey blocks, in 36 forest ranges using
bounded count method in fragmented forests and double observer method in
contiguous forests during April 29, 30 and May 1, 2024. The estimated population of
Nilgiri tahr was 1,031 with an average detection probability of 0.5. The Anamalai hills,
Srivilliputhur, Megamalai, and Nilgiri Hills hold 90% of the population. The Anamalai
and Nilgiri hills hold 41% and 24% respectively, of the metapopulation that serves as
the source population for the long-term conservation of the species in the fragmented
landscape. The male-female sex ratio was 1:2 and the female-calf ratio was 2:1. The age
composition revealed that adult female constituted 42.2%, followed by adult male
(25.1%), young (19.1%) and yearling (13.6%). Further, the study has identified newly
colonized habitats of Nilgiri tahr in the Pasumalai habitat in the Chinnamanur range of
the Megamalai division. This is the first synchronized survey of the tahr population as
part of Project Nilgiri tahr's initiative to conserve Nilgiri tahr in Tamil Nadu.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Arasumani, M., Khan, D., Das, A., Lockwood, I., Stewart, R., Kiran, R. A., Muthukumar, M.,
Bunyan, M., & Robin, V. V. (2018). Not seeing the grass for the trees: Timber
plantations and agriculture shrink tropical montane grassland by two-thirds
over four decades in the Palani Hills, a Western Ghats Sky Island. PLoS ONE,
13(1): e0190003, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0190003.
Bagghi, S., & Ritchie, M. (2010). Herbivore effects on above and belowground plant
production and soil nitrogen availability in the Trans-Himalayas shrub-steppes.
Oecologia, 164: 1075-1082.
Literature cited 2: Brack, I. V., Kindel, A., de Oliveira, L. F. B., & Lahoz-Monfort, J. J. (2023). Optimally
designing drone-based surveys for wildlife abundance estimation with Nmixture models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14, 898–
910, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14054
Caughley, G. (1974). Bias in aerial survey. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 381. 921.
ID: 66506
Title: Checklist Of Ichthyofaunal Diversity In The Muthupet Coastal Ecosystem: Biodiversity Insights And Conservation Implications
Author: Abinaya, R. and Sajeevan, M.K
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 95-112 (2025)
Subject: Checklist Of Ichthyofaunal Diversity In The Muthupet Coastal Ecosystem: Biodiversity Insights And Conservation Implications
Keywords: Ichthyofaunal diversity, wetland, red list, checklist, Muthupet lagoon, conservation
Abstract: Documenting ichthyofaunal diversity is essential for understanding biodiversity
patterns and informing conservation efforts. This study presents a comprehensive
checklist of fish species from the Muthupet region from January 2023 to December
2023. The checklist encompasses 105 species, two classes, 23 orders, 48 families, and
88 genera. Notably, 60 species were exclusive to the lagoon. Teleostei was the most
diverse class (100 species, 83 genera, 44 families, and 20 orders), while Elasmobranchii
was the least diverse (5 species, 5 genera, 4 families, and 3 orders). The order
Eupercaria/misc (19%) was the richest, followed by Clupeiformes (16%),
Carangiformes (10.5%), and Acanthuriformes (8%). Carangidae was the most speciesrich family (10 species), followed by Engraulidae and Sciaenidae (8 species each).
According to the IUCN Red List, 86 recorded fish species were categorized as "Least
Concern," 8 as "Not Evaluated," 4 as "Vulnerable," 3 as "Data Deficient," and 1 each as
"Critically Endangered" and "Near Threatened." More than 95% of the recorded species
have commercial significance, contributing to subsistence fisheries year-round. The
findings of this study provide baseline data for conservation planning and sustainable
fisheries management in the Muthupet coastal ecosystem.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abinaya, R., Kanishkar, A., & Sajeevan, M. K. (2024). Temporal variations in fish
diversity, guild dynamics, and their association with environmental variables in a
tropical estuary. Environ Monit Assess, 196(12):1253.
Abinaya, R., Kantharajan, G., & Sajeevan, M. K. (2025). Mapping of water spread
dynamics of a tropical Ramsar wetland of India for conservation and
management. Environ Monit Assess, 197(2):145.
Literature cited 2: Arasumani M, Kumaresan M, & Esakki, B. (2024). Mapping native and non-native
vegetation communities in a coastal wetland complex using multi-seasonal
Sentinel-2 time series. Biol Invasions, 26(4):1105-24.
Bassi, N., Kumar, M.D., Sharma, A., & Pardha-Saradhi, P. (2014). Status of wetlands in
India: a review of extent, ecosystem benefits, threats and management strategies.
Journal of Hydrology, 2:1–19.
ID: 66505
Title: Seasonal Diversity Of The Finfish Community In A Tropical Estuary, South-East Coast Of India, Tamil Nadu
Author: Kanishkar, A., Santhoshkumar, S., Abinaya, R., Pavinkumar, P., Aruna, S. and Ranjithkumar, V
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 74-94 (2025)
Subject: Seasonal Diversity Of The Finfish Community In A Tropical Estuary, South-East Coast Of India, Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Estuarine ecosystem, diversity indices, physicochemical parameters, management.
Abstract: Efficacious management and health assessment of estuarine ecosystems is
augmented when comprehensive data on biodiversity is accessible. Correlations
between species diversity and physicochemical factors are core information for
directing management tactics and conservation planning. Present study was conducted
from January to December 2023 to evaluate the measures of finfish diversity in the
Muthupet estuary as a component of the Ramsar site, Point Calimere wetland complex.
The diversity indices were unraveled monthly and seasonally (post-monsoon, summer,
pre-monsoon, and monsoon). The ranges of Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Margalef’s
richness (d), Pielou’s evenness (J’), Simpson diversity (1- λ), Taxonomic diversity
(∆),Taxonomic distinctness (∆*), Average taxonomic distinctness (∆+) and Total
phylogenetic diversity (sPhi+) were 2.467 to 3.858, 3.945 to 10.935, 0.935 to 0.977,
0.934 to 0.984, 69.290 to 76.551, 74.158 to 77.787, 74.066 to 78.519 and 800 to 3060
respectively for monthly gillnet finfish samples and 3.34 to 4.26, 6.82 to 15.43, 0.956 to
0.963, 0.970 to 0.987, 73.798 to 76.114, 76.045 to 77.092, 76.129 to 78.014, and 1800 to
4420 respectively for seasonal data.
The Bray-Curtis similarity was zenithal between the pre-monsoon and summer,
at 64.93%. The monthly and seasonal fluctuations in diversity were analysed using nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), which showed 40% resemblance across the
monthly samples and indicating that the monsoon unveiled the highest species richness.
The temporal oscillations in diversity were influenced by various environmental
drivers, such as rainfall, tidal fluctuations, freshwater influx and seasons. Effective
management inputs, such as ecological monitoring and assessment, community
participation and governance, policy and regulatory frameworks, capacity building and
education, economic incentives, and infrastructure and technology, are essential for
sustaining resources that enhance the livelihoods of local people in this estuary.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ajmal Khan, S. (2008). Statistical Packares for Assessing Biodiversity. Winter School on
Advanced Biological Techniques for Fisheries. Professionals, 103-113.
Ansar, C.P., Mogalekar, H.S., Sudhan, C., Chauhan, D.L., Golandaj, A., & Canciyal, J. (2017).
Finfish and shellfish diversity of Vembanad Lake in the Kumarakom region of
Kottayam, Kerala, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(2), 351-
357.
Literature cited 2: Balakrishnan, T., Sundaramanickam, A., Shekhar, S., & Balasubramanian, T. (2015).
Distribution and seasonal variation of heavy metals in sediments of Muthupet
lagoon, southeast coast of India. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 16(3), 49-60.
Barbier, E. B. (2019). The value of coastal wetland ecosystem services. In Coastal
wetlands (pp. 947-964). Elsevier.
ID: 66504
Title: Distribuion and habitat use by shola birds of the Nilgiris
Author: Nisha Bhakat, Vivek Ramachandran, Ashwin Vishwanathan and Jayashree
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 62-73 (2025)
Subject: Distribuion and habitat use by shola birds of the Nilgiris
Keywords: Endemic birds, forest specialists, habitat use, land-use , land-cover, shola
Abstract: Economic development and food security have led to significant land-use changes worldwide, posing challenges for conserving biodiversity and natural systems. Protected areas offer a safe refuge for wildlife, but their coverage is often inadequate. In the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, habitat loss and fragmentation threaten endemic and endangered bird species. The most at risk are restricted-range species such as shola specialists of the high elevations. This study assessed bird diversity and abundance in the montane Nilgiris landscape by conducting point counts across a complex habitat matrix, emphasizing the shola bird community. Field work was carried out from March 2023 to June 2023.Natural forests and urban parks showed high species richness. But when obligate commensals like crows and pigeons were excluded, bird abundance decreased significantly in settlements and parks. Urban parks appeared to play a role in providing refuge and improving connectivity for birds in the landscape. Shila birds were mostly seen in natural forests and timber plantations, with the Nilgiri laughingthrush being partial to natural forests. Our mapping , exercise also showed that the potential habitat available to high-altitude shola birds beyond Mukurthi National Park in the montane Nilgiris is around 500 sq.km. The role of different land cover types and landscape contexts in shaping avian communities in human-dominated landscapes is emphasized .Protecting natural habitats and restoring other potential habitats can benefit endangered species like the Nilgiri laughingthrush and Nilgiri sholakili. The need for sustainable land-use practices in conservation efforts to secure the future of montane shola birds in the Nilgiris is highlighted.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Brooks, T. M., Bakarr, M. I., Boucher, T., Da Fonseca, G. A. B., Hilton-Taylor, C., Hoekstra, J.
M., Moritz, T., Olivieri, S., Parrish, J., Pressey, R. L., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Sechrest, W.,
Stattersfield, A., Strahm, W., & Stuart, S. N. (2004). Coverage provided by the
global protected-area system: Is it enough? BioScience, 54: 1081–1091.
Daniels, R. R. (1993). The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and its role in conserving India’s
biodiversity. Current Science, 64: 706–708.
Literature cited 2: De Cáceres, M., Legendre, P., Wiser, S. K., & Brotons, L. (2012). Using species
combinations in indicator value analyses. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3:
973–982.
Hansen, A. J., & Rotella, J. J. (2001). Nature reserves and land use: Implications of the
“Place” principle. In: Dale, V. H. & Haeuber, R. A. (Eds.) Applying Ecological
Principles to Land Management, pp. 54–72, Springer, New York, NY. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0099-1_3 [Accessed July 25, 2022].
ID: 66503
Title: Spatial patterns of sea urchin diversity and their relationship to ecosystem health in the gulf of Mannar
Author: Radhika Rajasree S.R, Anagha Biju,Praisy M.Shaju, Vishnu P, and Anugrah Jayesh
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 54-61 (2025)
Subject: Spatial patterns of sea urchin diversity and their relationship to ecosystem health in the gulf of Mannar
Keywords: Sea urchin diversity, Gulf of Mannar, species richness, benthic habitat, conservation
Abstract: Th Gulf of mannar, a marine biodiversity hotspot, is home to diverse ecosystems, including significant sea urchin populations.A survey conducted from July 2023 to October 2024 across 13 islands in the Gulf of Mannar, a marine biodiversity hotspot, identified six a sea urchin species. Hare island exhibited the highest species richness, hosting five species (Salmacis virgulata, Temnopleursu toreumaticus, Gymnechinus sp., Brissopsis alta and Lovenia elongata) with a total of 110 individuals, alongside diverse macroalgae and coral. This island displayed high biodiversity (Simpson's D'=0.6774, Shannon-Wiener H'=1.2340) and even species distribution (evenness Index E=0.7667).Notably, Gymechinus sp. was recorded for the first time in the Hare Island region. The Vhaan Island showed moderate diversity with three species (S.virgulata, S.bicolor, and T.toruematicus) and 36 individuals. The Kasuwari Island had the lowest diversity, with only two species (S.virgulata and S.bicolor) and nine individuals, resulting in lower-diversity indices (D'=0.3457, H'=0.5297) and uneven distribution (E=0.7642) due to the dominance of S.virgulata. The sea urchin distribution correlated with specific macroalgae and coral species, emphasizing the importance of healthy benthic habitat. This study highlights the need for conservation measures, including bycatch reduction, predator monitoring, and long-term population tracking, to protect sea urchin populations and overall ecosystems health in the Gulf of Mannar
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Azwir, A, Musriadi,M &Saputra S (2019). Diversity of echinodermata types based on the littoral zone on the white sand beach of Ujong Batee, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province.BIOEiDUKASI.Biology Education Journal, 10 (2), 149-156.
Davidson, T. & Grupe, B. (2015). Habitat modification in tidepools by bioeroding sea urchins and implications for fine-scale community structure. Marine Ecology, 36(2), 185-194.
Literature cited 2: Ditzel, P, Konig S, Musembi P, & Peters M. (2022).Correlation between coral reef condition and the diversity and abundance of fishes and sea urchins on an East African coral reef, Oceans, 3 (1) , 1-14; https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans3010001.
Droulin, G. Himmelman, J.H. &Belnand P (1985). Impact of tidal salinity fluctuations on echinoderm and mollusc populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63 (6):1377-1387.
ID: 66502
Title: Comprehensive analysis of Road kills in Tamil Nadu Highway network:identifying hotspots and suggesting mitigation measures
Author: Sowjanya V.L., Satish Kumar S, Udhayan A, Manimozhi A, Ganesan M.G. and Senbagapriya S
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Subject: Comprehensive analysis of Road kills in Tamil Nadu Highway network:identifying hotspots and suggesting mitigation measures
Keywords: Animal-vehicle collision, conservation strategies, wildlife mortaity, protected areas, road network
Abstract: The expansion of road networks profoundly influences the environment and biodiversity. Roads often led to animal-vehicle collisions and act as a barrier to animal movement, thus increasing animal mortality. This study analysed roadkill hotspots within Tamil Nadu's extensive road network, spanning 1,99,040 km. The research aimed to identify spatial and temporal trends, compile species-specific roadkill data, identify vulnerable areas, and suggest appropriate mitigation strategies. Tamil Nadu is a biodiversity hotspot with 26,451 sq.km of forest cover. Roadkill data were collected between 2018 and 2023 from 45 forest divisions through questionnaire surveys, online sources (e.g., iNaturalist, Indian Biodiversity Portal etc.) and incidental sampling was used during road surveys. Hotspots were identified using QGIS, and road characteristics were evaluated at each hotspot. The collected data were evaluated using spatial, temporal and division-wise hotspots. The study documented 1,552 roadkill incidents involving 68 species across mammals (69%), birds (27%) and reptiles (4%). Spotted deer (47%) and Pefowl (27%) were the most frequently encountered species, followed by Bonnet macaque (5%) and Wild pig (5%).Spatially, the Tiruchirapalli Forest Division had the highest incidents, with agricultural land being the primary hotspot. Temporal analysis revealed that the roadkill incident increased annually, peaking in 2022.Dry seasons witnessed higher mammal roadkill, while avian and reptile collisiions peaked in west season. In hotspot analysis, National and State highways were the most involved in animal road accidents. Tiruchirappalli, Perambalur, Villupuram, Tirunelveli and Dindugal forest divisions are the most roadkill hotspots.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Annual Report-2020-21, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. New Delhi, 116 pages.
Arca-Rubio, J, Moreno-Rueda, g, &Ortega, Z (2023).The distribution of vertebrate roadkill varies by season, surrounding environment, and animal class. European Journal of Wildlife Research,69 (3):42
Literature cited 2: Aquino, AG.H.E, &Nkomo, S.P.L. (2021).Spatio-temporal patterns and consequences of road kills: A review. Animals, 11 (3):799.
Baskaran, N., &Boominathan D. (2010). Roadkill of animals by highway traffic in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2 (3):753-759
ID: 66501
Title: Conservation of tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) within Tamil Nadu
Author: Glenn Baldwin, Paul Blanchflower and Sivasankaran A
Editor: Udhayan A, Senbagapriya S, Eswaran D, Manimozhi A, Sankar K, Vasanthakumari D, Siva Ranjani S and Gabriel Paulraj M
Year: 2025
Publisher: Advanced Institute for Wildlife Conservation (Research, Training &Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department, Vandalur, Chennai
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: 4th Annual Research Conference Proceedings, 13-14 February, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Pg no 16-33 (2025)
Subject: Conservation of tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) within Tamil Nadu
Keywords: Tropical dry evergreen forest, sacred groves, ecological status, biodiversity conservation, rapid assessment survey, conservation strategies.
Abstract: Sacred groves, remnants of the Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests (TDEF), are ecologically and culturally significant, serving as biodiversity reservoirs and spiritual sites. This study was conducted from 2021 to 2022.We examined 58 sacred groves through an integrated methodology, including field surveys, GIS mapping and historical satellite imagery analysis, to assess their size, canopy cover, species diversity and ecological health. The findings revealed a steady decline in vegetative cover, with 58 % of groves experiencing canopy loss over the past two decades. Key drivers of degradation include temple expansion, deforestation, understory clearing and waste accumulation. Despite these challenges the groves continue to support rare and vulnerable plant species highlighting their role as biodiversity banks. The study emphasizes the urgent need for conservation efforts, awareness initiatives and sustainable management strategies to protect these fragile ecosystems and preserve their ecological and cultural value.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Brandis D. (1897). Indigenous Indian Forestry; sacred groves. In: Indian Forestry working. Oriental institute, pp 12-13.
Champion H.G. &Seth S.K. (1968). A revised survey of the forest types of India. Government of India, Manager of Publications, University of Minnesota, 404 pages
Literature cited 2: Meher-Homji V M (1974).The climate of Cuddalore-A bioclimatic analysis. Geographical Rev.India.36 (1):1-22.
Meher-Homji V.M (1992). A document to help formulate a conservation strategy for peninsular India in relation to vegetation status and bioclimatic conditions. Final tech. report Pitambar Pant. Natl. Environ. Fel, Ministry of Environ., New Delhi.