ID: 53242
Title: Accumulation of chromium and its histopatho-logical effects in the frog, Rana tigrina (Daud.) (Amphibia, Anura) at differetn exposure periods
Author: Elizabeth John
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Chromium, bioaccumulation, histopathology, frog, liver, kidney, stomach, testis, ovary
Abstract: A study on the accumulation of chromium and its histopathological effects in the liver, kidney, stomach and gonads of the male and female frogs, Rana tigrina at different exposure hours (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120) was undertaken. The metal accumulation study showed a gradual increase as the duration of exposure increased. In histopathology, visible tissue damage were noticed in the chromium administered frogs, compared to the control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53241
Title: A method to improve the sensitivity of semen culture in identifying the bacteriospermia in male infertility
Author: M.R. Suseela and D. Joseph Pushpa
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Infertility, Semen culture, Centrifugation, Bacteriospemia
Abstract: The study was designed to determine the increase in the culture Positivity in semen culture by routine culture method and after centrifugation of the same semen samples. Methodology: Semen samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic infertile males were studied to bacteriospermia by conventional culture method and culture after centrifugation of the same samples. Culture plates were examined and colonies were identified. Age of the patients, sperm count and type of motility and morphology of spermatozoa were also recorded. Results: Bacteriospermia in semen culture showed the growth of E.coli, Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococci, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma, Gonococci, Providentia and Proteus. Organisms like E.coli, Enterococci and Coagulase positive staphylococci play an important role in sperm impairment. Semen culture of asymptomatic infertile males showed increased culture positively than the semen culture of symptomatic infertile males. Semen culture after centrifugation improved the identification of bacterial Growth especially in asymptomatic young males of infertile group.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53240
Title: Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in the fish, Labeo rohita exposed to textile dyeing effluent, Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: S. Binu Kumari, M. Manimegalai and S. Umavathi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dyeing effluent, Copper, Labeo rohita, LC50, Bioaccumulation
Abstract: Toxicity of heavy metal namely copper in different tissues such as brain, gill, liver, kidney, muscle and intestine of Labeo rohita exposed to 2.5% diluted dyeing effluent. LC50 values of the effluent at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were found to be 3.5%, 3.1%, 2.9% and 2.5% respectively. The tissue distribution of copper in Labeo rohita as a result of bioaccumulation showed variations and a high degree of organ specificity. Accumulation of copper in 96 hours was more pronounced than 72, 48 and 24 hours. Heavy metal predominantly accumulated in different organs of fish and the order of organs in terms of copper concentration was intestine>muscle>brain>gill>kidney>liver in the test species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53239
Title: In vitro multiplication of the multipurpose tree Casuarina equistetifolia Linn
Author: P.K.Satheeshkumar, V.Murugiah and Aditya K. Gupta
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Axillary shoots, Casuarina equisetifolia, In vitro multiplication, Superior biotypes
Abstract: This study has been conducted to establish a protocol for the in vitro multiplication of Casuarina equisetifolia, Linn., a highly prized multipurpose tree belonging to the family Casuarinaceae. Axillary shoots developed from the nodal part of the shoot tip explants in aseptic conditions were used as the starting material for in vitro multiplication. Callus formation was observed when the axillary shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing the plant growth regulator 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), which gave rise to multiple shoots when subcultured on MS basal medium supplemented with the plant growth regulators BAP and indole 3- acetic acid (IAA), within 60 to 80 days. Excised microshoots, treated with IBA followed by ABA when subcultured on MS basal medium, induced profuse rooting within one month. Three months old in vitro regenerated plantlets could be established in pots in greenhouse. The protocol demonstrates that, Casuarine equisetifolia, one of the major tree species in afforestation and wasteland development programmes worldwide can be propagaed through in vitro multiplication.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53238
Title: Optimization of various physico chemical parameters for the enhanced microtuberization in Solanum tuberosum L. under in Vitro condition
Author: J. Kasthuri, T. Rajalakshmi and A. Kavitha
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Microtuberization, Solanum tuberosum L
Abstract: With the view of optimization of production of disease free seed tubers of Solanum tuberosum L., the in vitro method which permits synchronous tuberization has been attempted with manipulated physicochemical parameters. Irrespective of PGRs, the highest shoot length was observed at 1.50 mg/L in both apical and nodal segments showed the higher shoot length. The trend remained same for the PGRs in combination also. Regarding the various parameters, sucrose concentration, 8% photoperiod, 18 hrs and temperature, 250C seemed to show the highest number of tubers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53237
Title: Antibacterial evaluation of some Iranian medicinal plants against some human pathogenic bacteria
Author: S.Satish, D.C.Mohana, M.P.Raghavendra, Shafeer Babu and K.A. Raveesha
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Human pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity, Iranian medicinal plants
Abstract: The aqueous and different solvent extracts of seven higher medicinal plants viz., Althea officinalis L. (Malvaceae), Origanum vulgare Oregano (Lamiaceae), Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae), Polygonum bistorta L. (Polygonaceae), Satureja hortensis L. (Lamiaceae), Solanum dulcamara L. (Solanaceae) and Quercus robur L. (Fagaceae), were screened in vitro for anti-bacterial activity by cup diffusion method against fourteen human pathogenic bacteria. All the plants recorded antibacterial activity against all the test bacteria. Among the seven plants tested methanol extract of Origanum vulgare and Althea officinalis recorded highly significant antibacterial activity against all the human pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial activity was more significant in solvent extracts compared to aqueous extract in all the plants indicating that the active principle responsible for antibacterial activity is more soluble in organic solvents. Comparison of the inhibitory activity of the extracts with the antibiotics gentamicin and streptocycline revealed that methanol extracts of Origanum vulgare and Althea officinalis were significantly higher than that of the antibiotics tested. The results suggest that Origanum vulgare and Althea officinalis are potential candidate plants for isolation and characterization of the active principle for further exploitation in medicinal microbiology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53236
Title: Expression of stress responsive genes due to endosulfan toxicity on model organism Caenorhabditis elegans
Author: Surjo Prabha Paul, Seeba Manoj, Vasudha Nagraj, Sudha Devraj and M.Ramya
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Endosulfan, C. elegans, mRNA differential display, Heat shock proteins
Abstract: In order to identify genes that are differentially expressed as a consequence of oxidative stress on exposure to endosulfan in the current study mRNA RT-PCR differential display method was adopted using 2x3 primer combinations following treatment with different concentrations of endosulfan on model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. On blasting the result the induced band was identified as HSP 70 (HSP-1 adn HSP-2) heat shock protein which showed homology to mouse and human sequences. Thus we demonstrate that C.elegans can be used as an model organism for evaluating stress response.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53235
Title: ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among Maurya (Backwark caste) population of Jaunpur district (U.P), India
Author: Pradeep Kumar, Anuj Kumar Maurya and Vandana Rai
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Allele frequency, Antigens, ABO, Rh(D), Maurya
Abstract: The present study reports the distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among 450 unrelated individuals from Maurya (Backward Caste) population of Jaunpur district. The overall ABO percentage is B (40%)>O (31.33%)>A(25.33%)>AB(3.33%). The frequencies of Rh positive and Rh negative individuals are 92.4% and 7.6% respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53234
Title: Mitochondrial DNA variation within and between the Gallus species
Author: Jaiyashi Gupta, Jose Mathews, Sanjeev Kumar Shukla, Somesh Mehra, Manish Mehra, Ashwani Sharma and Deepak Sharma
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Nucleotide diversity, Mitochondrial DNA, Red jungle fowl, jungle fowl, Phylogeny
Abstract: Nucleotide sequence variation in two ribosomal genes (12S rRNA and 16s rRNA), two ATPase genes (ATPase 6& ATPase 80, three Cytochrome Oxidase genes (COI, COII N& COIII), one Cytochrome B gene (Cytb) and 7 NADP dehydrogenase genes (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5 & ND6) was used to estimate genetic diversity between domestic fowl breeds (G.g.domesticus), three G.gallus subspecies (G.g.spadicus, G.g.gallus adn G.g.bankiva) and three other Gallus species (G.varius, G.lafayetei, G. sonneratii). Domestic fowl breeds showed very low sequence variability (0.000 to 0.007) among themselves as well as with other G.gallus subspecies (0.000 to 0.009), however different Gallus species showed comparatively high nucleotide divergence between themselves (0.016 to 0.076). Based on cumulative nucleotide sequence variability for all the genes, different subspecies of G. gallus formed single cluster, whiel other three jungle fowls made separate group with very high bootstrap support (71-100). Further, the genetic relatedness of G.g.murghi (Indian red jungle fowl) with them were estimated on the basis of nucleotide variability over 448 bp partial 12S rRNA and 610 bp partial 16S rRNA genes. The G.g.murghi showed very low nucleotide variability with the domestic fowl breeds as well as with other G.gallus (0.003 to 0.007) in comparison to much high nucleotide variability with other three jungle fowls (0.015 to 0.042). The phylogenetic analysis also revealed very high genetic similarity between G. gallus murghi and other G.gallus subspecies including G.g.domesticus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53233
Title: Comparative account of bacteria in extensive and semi-intensive water shrimp ponds (Penaeus monodon)
Author: Hassan Taghavi Jelodar, Bhupal B.Chaugule and Vikram S. Ghole
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacterial diversity, Extensive and semi-intensive pond, Shrimp pond, Penaeus monodon
Abstract: In the present study, the total bacterial populations of brackish water shrimp culture were conducted for 5 months at Pancham Aquaculture shrimp farms in 2007. Total bacteria varied considerably from 14-25 x 103 cfu mL-1 in initial, 51-97 x 104 cfu mL-1 in cultured and 105-131 x 105 cfu mL-1 in harvest experiments at extensive ponds and 14-29 x 103 cfu mL-1, 72-104 x 104 cfu mL-1 and 128-173 x 105 cfu mL-1 for semi-intensive ponds in initial, culture and harvest, respectively. Generally, data showed the bacteria concentration increasing from the initial phase to the harvested media at the ponds of two cultivation methods. Six different bacteria were determined in ponds before cultivation, which included Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus xylosus, Chromobacternum violaceum, Hafnia alvei, Aeromons salmonicida and Acinetobacter baumnii, while five bacterial species were observed after cultivation. In harvest phase, bacteria diversities were 12 species. The results showed in spite of the decline of the bacteria diversity, the population increased within both extensive and semi-extensive ponds. Among the bacteria species only Vibrio alginoyticus and V.arahaemolyticus were pathogenic bacteria. However main species of bacteria of the brackish shrimp ponds were Pseudomonas stutzeri, P.putida, P.mendocina, P.aeruginosa, P.alcaligenes and Aeromons salmonicida.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53232
Title: Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus L. on germination and seedling growth of some bean seeds
Author: H.P.Oamen and M.Idu
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Allelopathy, Cyperus esculentus, Cajanus, Phaseolus, Spenostylis
Abstract: The allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus L. on germination and seedling growth of Cajanus cajan, Phaseolus vulgaris (brown and white varieties) and Sphenotylis stenocarpa were observed. Extract showed signficant positive allelopathic effects at P<0.05 on plumule lengths and radicle lengths. The number of root hairs for C.cajan was only reduced at far higher concentrations. The need for harrowing was also discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53231
Title: A survey on propagation and planting of aquatic macrophytes
Author: N. Shabani, D.M.Mahajan, V.R.Gunale and M.H.Sayadi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: persicaria glabra, Juncellus alopecuroides, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Hygrophila shoolis, stem cutting
Abstract: Persicaria glabra, Juncellus alopecuroides, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Hygrophila shoolis are common macrophytes in India. However the present understandings of the life history of the macrophytes have been insufficient to explain their seasonal abundances. Thus it is essential to investigate how many reproductive strategies were likely been employed by contribute to the successful propagation. In the present work vegetative reproduction diversity of macrophytes were observed and studied systematically by stem cutting. It was indicated that the variety of the reproductive ways and the large quantity of reproductive units produced depend on the stem cuttings.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53230
Title: Determination of fluoride in commercially packed black tea by ion selective electrode
Author: S.M Talebi, P.S.Talebi and A.H.Abdullah
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fluoride, Black tea, Ion selective electrode
Abstract: The determination of fluoride in commercially available black tea samples was performed using a fluoride selective electrode. The results obtained from the recovery test indicated that the method is quite reliable for determination of fluoride ion in aqueous solutions. The effects of time of infusion, pH, volume of water and also water hardness in releasing of fluoride from different brands of black tea were investigated and showed that pH & volume of water had no influence on the extraction of flouride while preiod of infusion and water hardness showed obvious effect on the efficiency of releasing fluoride from tea samples. The concentration of fluoride in tea samples after 10 min infusion was in the range of 127-186 ?g/g.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53229
Title: Assessment of desertification and mapping in Southern Neishabur (Iran) using Medalus method
Author: M. Masoudi, S.A.Abtahi, S.H. Badiee Namaghi, M.Kompani and A.M. Sameni
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Desertification, Assessment, Mapping, MEDALUS, GIS
Abstract: This paper presents the MEDALUS approach, a quantitative assessment of desertification, in the case study area located in the South of Neishabur, Iran. Four main factors or indicators of desertification including: soil, climate, plant cover, and management were considered for evaluation. Then several sub-indicators affecting the quality of each main indicator were quantified according to its quality and given a weighting of between 1.0 and 2.0. Arc View software was used to analyze and prepare the layers of quality maps using the geometric mean to integrate the individual sub-indicator maps. After that the final desertification hazard map was prepared by overlaying different main indicator (quality) maps in the GIS and the final hazard classes were defined on the basis of hazard scores arrived at by the geometric mean of the main indicators. The results obtained showed that all of this area can be classified as critical, affected by desertification. In other words, total study area is sensitive to desertification. Results also showed that climate and management quality are the most important indicators affecting desertification process. This undesirable state has been caused by arid climate and also overgrazing and intensity land use. This shows that the human activities play an important role in acceleratign desertification process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53228
Title: Revealing copper contamination at the penang industrial area by using Malaysian mussel watch approach
Author: C.K.Yap, K.L.Yeow, F.B.Edward and S.G.Tan
Editor: P.K. Wong, R.K. Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2009
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 11, No 4, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Heavy metals, Perna viridis, Penang Industrial Area, Mussel Watch Approach
Abstract: Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb and Zn were determined in the four different parts of soft tissues and shells of Perna viridis collected from 6 geographical sites in the Straits of Malacca in 2005. All the 6 metal concentrations except for Cu were considered low and comparable to those reported in the literature. The Cu concentrations found in the Penang population was foudn to be extremely elevated and exceeding the ranges for most reported studies as well as safety guidelines, which may be derived from a variety of industrial activities at Penang industrial area. Therefore, the consumption of mussels collected from the intertidal water adjacent to Penang Industrial Area should be given a special caution since human consumption on the mussels could pose toxicological risk of Cu. The present study showed that the Penang coastal water was receiving industrial effluents as a point source of Cu pollution as indicated by the elevated concentration of Cu in the different soft tissues of P. viridis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None