ID: 53317
Title: Beneficial effects of multiple plantation patterns in agroforestry systems
Author: H.N.Hymavathi, A.K.Kandya and L.P.Patel
Editor: Dr. V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 4, April 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Multiplantation, Crop Geometry (CG), Multipurpose trees (MPTs), Cost: Benefit ratio (C:B ratio)
Abstract: A survey was conducted in 150 agricultural fields where agroforestry has been followed. Five main multiple plantation patterns of agroforestry systems were followed which includes 2 to 6 plant species. It made 30 different crop geometrics (CGs). In each pattern, there were several types of CGs maily categorized on the basis of number of plant species grown in the central part of the agricultural field (1, 2, 3 or 4 species). All these types were usually followed by the farmers as per the local need , market demand of their product and financial gain to the farmers. The C: B ratio of various multiple plantation patterns has proved this fact.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53316
Title: Wood microstructure of Indian Maytenus molina (Celastraceae) with special reference to ecology
Author: Vishakha Saxena and Sangeeta Gupta
Editor: Dr. V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 4, April 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Celastraceae, Maytenus, Wood anatomy, Eoclogy
Abstract: The present study deals with the detailed wood microstructure of the genus Maytenus Molina (syn. Gymnosporia W. & A.) belonging to the family Celastraceae. Five species of Maytenus has been described on the basis of their detailed microstructure, salient diagnostic features and photomicrographs. An identification key based on anatomical features has been developed for the separation of the species of this genus. According to the present study M. emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou and M. senegelensis (lam). Exell could not be separated due to the same anatomy. This study is the first record of the wood microstructure of this genus. The correlation between selected wood anatomical features (qualitative and quantitative) and vegetation type (tropical and temperate) has been discussed in this paper. Inverse relationship was observed between vessel diameter and vessel frequency indicating conductive efficiency of this genus. Positive relationship between vessel frequency and vessel length was observed in tropical species while inverse relationship in temperate species. F/V and L/D ratios were found to be inversely correlated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53315
Title: Studies on phosphatase enzyme activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates of Jatropha curcas L.
Author: Rekha Shukla, Jamaluddin and A.K.Pandey
Editor: Dr. V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 4, April 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Biofertilizer, Jatropha curcas, Phosphate solubilization
Abstract: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria are known to play a major role in the solubilization of unavailable forms of soil phosphorus and uptake its native and applied forms. A total of 17 different Pseudomonas flourescens isolates recovered from rhizosphere and J. curcas, planted in different localities, were evaluated for their phosphatase activity in in vitro and in vivo conditions. Isolates viz., P#10, P#11 and P#02 revealed maximum phosphatase enzyme activity and influence the maximum growth and therefore can be used as bioinoculant in nursery and field trials for better production of J.curcas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53314
Title: Litter production and leaf litter decomposition dynamics in an age series Tectona grandis Linn. F. plantations of moist Tarai Sal Forest
Author: kaushalendra Kumar Jha
Editor: Dr. V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2010
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 4, April 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Litter production, Leaf litter decomposition, Tectona grandis, Tarai Sal forest
Abstract: Teak plantations (1, 5, 11 18, 24 and 30 year old) growing outside its natural zone in ' Tarai ' moist sal forest was selected for studing litter production and leaf litter decomposition dynamics and impact of pysical attributes and environmental factors. Litter fall was studied by litter trap method and litter decomposition by litter bag method. Litter input varied from 1.7 t ha-1yr-1 (one year old) to 6.4 t ha-1 yr-1 (30 year old). Bulk of the litter was in the form of leaf litter (87.7-100%) followed by wood (00-15.5%) and reproductive parts litter (00-3.3%). Winter was the peak period while rainy season was the lean period of litter fall. Age, density and basal area did not show any definite relationship with litter production indenpendently. Colour alteration in litter and variation in nutritional status were found very distinct. Decay rates indicated that approximately 54% teak litter decomposed in first six months,starting from July. Nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be increased with the advancement of litter degradation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53313
Title: Application of geographic image cognition approach in land type classification using Hyperion image: A case study in China
Author: Jing Wang, Yongqi Chen, Ting He, Chunyan Lv, Aixia Liu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Geographic image cognition approach, Land type classification, Land unit, Hyperion image
Abstract: Land type is the base of land change analysis or landscape analysis. Land type classification is often based on land resources survey. Updating land type is generally difficult, mainly due to the lack of appropriate information. Hence, it is of importance to develop a method for land type classification using remote sensing images. The study was to propose the geographic image cognition (GEOIC) approach for land type classification. The approach we realized by the segmentation of land units, using Hyperion image, geographic information, vegetation , soil, DEM, and geosciences knowledge. It is the extension of the methodologies of object-based image analysis. Results showed that the GEOIC approach is an integrated approach with objectification cognition on remote sensing images and multi-source information using geo-knowledge. The GEOIC approach included three aspects: spatial feature perception, spatial object cognition and spatial pattern cognition. The use of the GEOIC approach in land type classification was tested in a study area in the agriculture-pasture mixed region of Loess Plateau in China. Results of land type classification at different scale levels showed that the overall accuracy ranged from 72.4% to 88.3%, with an average about 80%. The accuracy of classification at similar pixel level was relatively low with an overall accuracy of 73.1% and Kappa coefficients of 0.69. The classification at scale level of 100 was effective for mapping land types with an overall accuracy of 88.3% and Kappa coefficients of 0.86. The classification accuracy through the segmentation of land units at an appropriate scale level was higher than that for pixel to pixel methods. This study concluded that the GEOIC approach on land type classification is significant and appears potential for land type classification aiming to land assessment and planning.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53312
Title: Coupling remote sensing retrieval with numerical simulation for SPM study-Taking Bohai Sea in China as a case
Author: Xiaoling Chen, Jianzhong Lu, Tingwei Cui, Wensheng Jiang, Liqiao Tian, Liqiong Chen, Wenjing Zhao
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Numerical simulation, Remote sensing, Bohai sea, SPM, Ocean color, MERIS
Abstract: Study of suspended particulate matter (SPM) transport in a coastal area, traditionally supported by field observation and numerical simulation, benefits now from numerous available remotely sensed ocean color images. Numerical simulation of SPM dynamics can be the supplement to remote sensing data which response the discrete states for different point-in-times. It would be helpful for monitoring coastal water environment in a real sense if remote sensing can be coupled with numerical simulation to get a promising water environmental dynamics in time and space domain. In this study, an approach coupling ocean color image retrieval with numerical simulation of SPM transport is proposed. Instead of traditionally specifying the spatial-constant SPM concentration as an initial condition of sediment transport models, the spatial-variant SPM concentration retrieved from MERIS image initializes the models. And the SPM resuspension and deposition can be interactively inspected and verified. Combining the simulated results with the remote sensing retrieved results, the parameters of hydrodynamic model and sediment transport model can be calibrated. The Bohai Sea in China is selected to test the approach. An optimized group of parameters are calibrated by using the SPM concentration retrieved from MERIS image in the Bohai Sea. Compared with the SPM initialization of spatial-constant, the spatial-variant SPM input retrieved results can quickly response to the changes of sediment concentration in real sense. The results show a well agreement with the in situ measurements. The results show that the approach is good at simulating SPM dynamics in clear waters with a SPM concentration lower than 20 mg/l and more effective in the area with less land source affected. The study suggests that the proposed approach is effective for monitoring coastal water environment roundly and three-dimensionally.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53311
Title: Road selection based on Voronoi diagrams an "strokes" in map generalization
Author: Xingjian Liu, F. Benjamin Zhan, Tinghua Ai
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Road network, Map generalization, Voronoi diagram, perceptual grouping
Abstract: Road selection is a prerequisite to effective road network generalization. This article introduces a novel algorithm for road network selection in map generalization, which take four types of information into consideration: statistical, metric, topological, and thematic at three spatial scales: macro-scale which describes the general pattern of networks, mezzo-scale that handles relationships among road segments, and micro-scale that focuses on individual roads properties. A set of measures is selected to quantify these different types of information at various spatial levels. An algorithm is then developed with the extraction of these measures based on Voronoi diagrams and a perceptual grouping method called "stroke". The selection process consists of three consecutive steps: measuring network information based on Voronoi partitioning and stroke generation, selecting roads based on information extraction in the first step with strokes as selection unit, and assessing selection results. The algorithm is further tested with a real-world dataset: road network map at 1:10,000 scale and its generalized version at 1:50,000 scale in Wuhan, China. The result reveals that the algorithm can produce reasonable selection results and thus has the potential to be adopted in road selection in map generalization.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53310
Title: A hedonic model comparison for residential land value analysis
Author: Yaolin Liu, Bin Zheng, Jan Turkstra, Lina Huang
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Distance measurement, Hedonic regression model, Residential land value, Benchmark price, Neighborhood analysis
Abstract: Distantial attenuation is a significant characteristic of the urban environment. In this paper we explore the relative contributions of different land uses to the urban residential environment according to distances with an analysis on the most significant scope of these factors. Two types of models are developed. One employs the distance to city center, main road, public facilities and environment factors as the variables for macro environment analysis, and the another one includes all factors to analyze the influences of the micro environment. In the models of the latter type, the contributions of the neighboring land uses are magnified with a specially designed variable measurement scheme in which variables are evaluated specially for each model so that the contributions of the variables become comparable from model to model. With an application to the case study of Danyang, China, we measure the distance functions of the urban environment (e.g. the surrounding land uses) including both the most influential scopes and the rlative contribution by means of model summary and regression coefficient comparisons. Finally, case comparison on the samples is introduced to figure out the difference of the functions under micro environment.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53309
Title: Mapping soil organic matter based on land degradation spectral response units using Hyperion images
Author: Jing Wang, Ting He, Chunyan Lv, Yongqi Chen, Wu Jian
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Soil organic matter, Mapping, Land degradation spectral response unit, Hyperion image
Abstract: Soil degradation is the core of land degradation. The lost of organic material is a signature of the quality degradation and productivity decline of soils. Therefore, it is of importance to develop a relatively rapid and economic method for mapping soil organic matter (SOM) at regional scale using remote sensing images. The study was to investigate the upscaling method of estimation model for mapping SOM using hyperspectral remote sensing images and multi-source data through segmentation of land degradation spectral response units (DSRUs). The estimation model of SOM based on DSRUs was developed to map SOM using Hyperion images of Hengshan Country in the northern Shannxi Province of China. Results showed that the DSRU estimation model, based on the relationship between the SOM content and features of spectral and regional variables of DSRUs, was valid to estimate the content of SOM. The determinative coefficient (R2) of the model increased from 0.562 at the scale level of 25, to 0.721 at the scale level of 50, and to 0.722 at the scale level of 100. The environmental variables of elevation, slope and vegetation index (MCARI) were included in the DSRU models, making it advantageous over the in situ models. The mapping content of SOM based on DSRU estimation model using Hyperion image agreed with that by the field survey and by the Kridge interpolation. Our research concluded that the DSRU model provides a relatively rapid, cost-effective, and accurate way to map the content of SOM for the land management of large area.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53308
Title: Feasibility of estimating heavy metal concentration in Phragmites australis using laboratory-based hyperspectral data- A case study along Le ' an River, China
Author: Yaolin Liu, Hui Chen, Guofeng Wu, Xinguo Wu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Phragmites australis, Heavy metal concentration, Estimation, Chlorophyll, Hyperspectral data
Abstract: It is necessary to estimate heavy metal concentrations in plants for understanding the heavy metal contaminations and for keeping the sustainable developments of ecosystems and human health. This study, with the Le ' an River and its two branches in Jiangxi Province of China as a case study, aimed to explore the feasibility of estimating concentrations of heavy metal lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in Phragmites australis using laboratory-based hyperspectral data. 21 P. australis leaf samples were collected, adn their hyperspectral data, chlorophyll concentration and Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were measured within the laboratory. The potential relations among hyperspectral data, chlorophyll concentration and Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were explored and employed to estimate Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations from hyperspectral data with chlorophyll concentration as a bridge. The results showed that the linear combination of normalized band depths at wavelengths 537 (green), 667 (red) and 747 (near infrared) nm could explain 82% of the variation of chlorophyll concentration; the Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly and negatively related to the chlorophyll concentration, and the chlorophyll concentration could explain around 30% of the variations of Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations, respectively; and the absolute estimation errors for more than 80% estimations of Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations were less than 30%. We conclude that the laboratory-based hyperspectral data hold potentials in estimating concentrations of heavy metal Pb, Cu and Zn in P.australis. More sampling points and spectral characteristics-based methods should be collected and employed for improving the stabilities and accuracies of estimation models.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53307
Title: Topological relations between fuzzy regions in a fuzzy topological space
Author: Xinming Tang, Wolfgang Kainz, Hongyan Wang
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Topological relation, Fuzzy topological space, Fuzzy region, Intersection matrices
Abstract: Topological relations are one of the most important aspects in GIS modelling. The topological relations between crisp spatial objects have been well identified. However, the topological relations between fuzzy spatial objects need more investigation. This paper deals with building a special fuzzy topological space for fuzzy sets. Based on it, a formal definition of simple fuzzy region is given. A 4x 4- intersection and furthermore a 5 x 5- intersection approach are proposed for the formalism of topological relations. Finally 152 topological relations between two simple fuzzy regions are identified based on the 4 x 4- intersection approach in R2.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53306
Title: Analysis on spatial structure of landuse change based on remote sensing and geographical information system
Author: Xinchang Zhang, Tingjun Kang, Haiying Wang, Ying Sun
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, Supplement 2, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Landuse, Remote sensing, Geographical information system, Digital orthophoto map, Dynamic change
Abstract: Analyzing spatio-temporal characteristics of landuse cover change is essential for understanding the pattern of urbanization. More importantly, such analysis can provide much information for decision-making. Landuse changed rapidly in Guangzhou in the last several years, so that it is necessary to study the spatial structure of landuse change. DOM (Digital Orthophoto Map) of Guangzhou in 2003, 2005 are acquired for this study. Accurate landuse information was first extracted by Definiens Developer. Secondly, we applied the landuse transfer model to analyze the mutual conversions among different landuse classes. Thirdly, a landuse spatial position conversion and quantity change model was established ot analyze the position conversion of landuse classes from a quantitative perspective. Finally, Landuse dynamicity model is applied to study Guangzhou ' s landuse change level and the reasons of the change are analysed. The results showed that farmland diminished relatively fast and adjustable landuse areas increased substantially. The main reason for farmland reduction lies in that part of the original farmland has been turned into other cultivated lands. The absolute quantity of landuse change is enormous, dominated by the internal conversion among landuse categories, such as farmland converted into garden and other types of cultivated lands.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53305
Title: Spatial distribution of block falls using volumetric GIS-decision-tree models
Author: C. Abdallah
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 5, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Block falls, GIS, Quantitative mapping, Decision -tree models
Abstract: Block falls are considered a significant aspect of surficial instability contribution to losses in land and socio-economic aspects through their damaging effects to natural and human environments. This paper predicts and maps the geographic distribution and voluems of block falls in central Lebanon using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and decision -tree modeling (un-pruned and pruned trees). Eleven terrain parameters (lithology, proximity to fault line, karst type, soil type, distance to drainage line, elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, land cover/use, and proximity to roads) were generated to statistically explain the occurrence of block falls. The latter were discriminated using SPOT4 satellite imageries, and their dimensions were determined during field surveys. The un-pruned tree model based on all considered parameters explained 86% of the variability in field block fall measurements. Once pruned, it classifies 50% in block falls volumes by selecting just four parameters (lithology, slope gradient, soil type, and land cover/use). Both tree models (un-pruned and pruned) were converted to quantitative 1:50,000 block falls ' maps with different classes; starting from Nil (no block falls) to more than 4000 m3. These maps are fairly matching with coincidence value equal to 45%; however, both can be used to prioritize the choice of specific zones for further measurement and modelling, as well as for land-use management. The proposed tree models are relatively simple, and may also be applied to other areas (i.e. the choice of un-pruned or pruned model is related to the availability of terrain parameters in a given area).
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53304
Title: An improved method for estimating forest canopy height using ICESat-GLAS full waveform data over sloping terrain: A case study in Changbai mountains, China
Author: Yanqiu Xing, Alfred de Gier, Junjie Zhang, Lihai Wang
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 5, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: LiDAR, Full waveform, ICESat-GLAS, Forest canopy height, Sloping terrain, Changbai mountains
Abstract: Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) has a unique capability for estimating forest canopy height, which has a direct relationship with, and can provide better understanding of the aboveground forest carbon storage. The full waveform data of the large-footprint LiDAR Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), combined with field measurements of forest canopy height, were employed to achieve improved estimates of forest canopy height over sloping terrain in the Changbai mountains region, China. With analyzing ground-truth experiments, the study proposed an improved model over Lefsky ' s model to predict maximum canopy height using the logarithmic transformation of waveform extent and elevation change as independent variables. While Lefsky ' s model explained 8-89% of maximum canopy height variation in the study area, the improved model explained 56-92% of variation within the 0-300 terrain slope category. The results reveal that the improved model can reduce the mixed effects caused by both sloping terrain and rough land surface, and make a significant improvement for accurately estimating maximum canopy height over sloping terrain.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53303
Title: Monitoring near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles in northern China and Mongolia from 1998 to 2007
Author: Lijian Han, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Mitsuru Tsubo
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 12, issue 5, October 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Passive microwave remote sensing, Near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycle, Northern China and Mongolia
Abstract: Remote sensing based near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycles detection in middle latitude especially where near-surface changing seriously still rare. In this research, soil temperature and 7-day maximum/ minimum combined passive microwave brightness temperature were employed to apply a soil freeze-thaw alogorithm in northern China and Mongolia. We proposed a random sampling technique to determine brightness temperature thresholds for 37 GHz vertically polarized radiation: 258.2 and 260.1 K for the morning and evening satellite passes, respectively, and determined the onset, offset, and duration of the phases of teh near-surface soil freeze-thaw cycle. During the 10 years from 1998 to 2007, the onset and offset of soil frozen/thawed in spring and autumn progressed from south to north and northwest, and from low elevation to high elevation. The durations of the freeze-thaw transitions in spring, autumn and whole year were longest in the Loess plateau, Ordos Plateau, and Songnen Plain, where they were 1-3 weeks longer than in other regions. The total annual durations of soil frozen/thawed increased/decreased progressively from the south to both the northwest and northeast. Over the 10 years, changes to both the timing and duration of phases of the freeze-thaw cycle were greater in spring than in autumn. Most of the changes were less than 2 weeks, but there were changes of up to 3-4 weeks on the Northeast Plain. Loess Plateau, and at Mt. Yinshan. Our research has contributed to understanding near-surface earth systems and suggests that changes in earth surface may cause extreme environmental events such as the dust emission in semi-arid and arid region of East Asia.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None