ID: 53392
Title: Effect of a Cephate, a new generation organophosphate insecticide on physico-chemical and biological properties of black clay soils
Author: S. Jaheerunnisa, S.N.Rasool, V.Rangaswamy and K.N.Jayaveera
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Acephate, black clay soils, physico-chemical properties, bacteria and fungi, dehydrogenase
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of acephate, a new generation organophosphate insecticide on physico-chemical and biological properties of black clay soils of a cotton (Gossypium species) field. The values were compared with the values of a control soil which was exposed to any insecticide. The soils were clayey in texture. The clay, silt and sand percentages in sample and control soils were determined as 50.0, 23.0 and 22.0 and 53.0, 25.1 and 23.4, respectively. Other physical properties such as maximum water holding capacity, pH and electrical conductivity were found to be 53%, 8.0 and 0.42 and 58%, 7.2 and 0.52 m mhos. cm-1 in sample and control soils, respectively. Chemical parameters such as organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium contents were reduced in sample soils when compared to control soils. Bacterial and fungal population numbers were reduced to 1.57 and 1.87 folds in sample soils over control soils. The results of this study clearly indicated the negative effects of acephate on soil physico-chemical and biological properties which are key elements in determining the soil quality and crop yield.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53391
Title: Techno-feasibility evaluation of biogas as a source of energy
Author: V.Srihari and Ashutosh Das
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Organic wastes, biogas, Pressure swing adsorption
Abstract: The present paper aims to explore the importance of renewable energy resources under the present energy crisis. Biogas is an excellent alternative energy, natural by product of organic waste decomposition, at the same time which renders the solid waste management too. This paper highlights the funadamental methodology, characterization of biogas and types of digesters. It describes the biogas improvisation methods and application in the field of power generation and transportation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53390
Title: Study of the venomous sting of paper wasp and sting of the honey bee
Author: M.B.Karlekar and P.A.Bhamburkar
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Social insect, Biological control, Venom
Abstract: Social wasps are characterized by a notorious sting that serves as an effective weapon in prey capture and colony defence. The heavily sclerotized sting shaft ensures the mechanical penetration into the victim, while th highly specialized venom gland delivers the powerful venomous secretion. Although most people think of wasps as pests, they benefit mankind and the environment in many ways. They help control arthropod pests (flies, caterpillars, bugs, spiders, etc) by preying on them. This really does help to cut down on the use of harmful pesticides. This is healthier for our environment in the long run.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53389
Title: Distribution pattern of an Oligochaetan species, Limnodrilus hoffmesteri, for assessment of pollutional stress in Hooghly estuary in Bengal, India
Author: Paramita Banerjee and Samir Banerjee
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Hooghly estuarine ecosystem, Oligochaetan species, Limnodrilus hoffmesteri, pollution indicator
Abstract: In Hooghly estuary the incidence of oligochaetan worm, Limnodrilus hoffmesteri, has been observed (October 2006- November 2008) in two studied stations. One of which was linked with more discharge of factory effluents Rishra (station - A) and other was Panihati (station -B) with minimum pollutant exposure. The said oligochaetan population appeared in vigor number at station-A and very minimum number was seen at station -B. The station -A presented silty soil enriched with organic carbon and the water body of the said station was marked with low dissolved oxygen and high alkalinity. This situation confirms the specimen to be a pollution indicator denoting the stress situation of the Hooghly estuarine ecosystem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53388
Title: Xylan-extraction from agro residues
Author: R. Usha, V. Sashi, N.S.Malathy and S. Gnana Soundari
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Agro residues, Xylan, Xylanase, Hard wood and softwood
Abstract: Large quantities of agro residues dumped on the ecosystem create an environmental pollution. The main aim of this present study is to minimize the pollution creating residues and use such residues in an biotechnological manner. Since the agricultural residues are rich in lignocelluosic materials especially xylan a major polymer, using the polymer as a carbon source for the production of xylanase makes a cheap alternative source. In this review. 1) Chemical compositio 2) Xylan extraction method 3) Usage of agro residues (rich in xylan as a carbon source for xylanase production studied by few workers) are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53387
Title: Antibacterial activity of plant extracts against plant bacterial pathogens
Author: P. Arunachalam, M. Sankar and B. Subramanian
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Ethanol extract, Phytopathogen
Abstract: The present investigation was initiated to find a suitable alternative to synthetic antibiotics for the management of plant diseases caused by bacteria. Ethanol extracts of six weed plant species were screened against four phytopathogens. The antibacterial activity was tested by well diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Based on zone of inhibition, Xanthomonas malvacearum was sensitive against the etthanol extracts of Prosopis juliflora, Acacia arabica, Achyranthes aspera, Calotropis gigantea, Ocimum canum and Tridax procumbens. The MIC observations reveal that, extract of P. juliflora having high antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas malvacearum (0.312 mg mL-1), Xanthomonas campestris (1.25 mg mL-1), Pseudomonas solanacearum (2.5 mg mL-1) and Pseudomonas syringae (5 mg mL-1). Similarly, A. arabica extract was active against X. malvacearum (0.625 mg mL-1), P. solanocearum (1.25 mg m L-1), X. campestris (2.5 mg mL-1) and P.syringae (2.5 mg mL-1). The results infer that the extracts of Prosopis juliflora and Acacia aspera are highly sensitive against the phytopathogens. Plant extracts resulted in antibacterial activity is potential to use in the management of plant diseases as an alternative to antibodies. Further phytochemical analysis is required to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53386
Title: Screening of yeasts for alpha-amylase production from agricultural produce
Author: A. Manohara, K.L.Somashekar, Shobha and A.K.Vinu
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Yeasts, screening, amylase, amylolytic activity and hydrolysis
Abstract: Amylase is one of the most important enzyme used in Biotechnology, particularly in processing starch hydrolysis in food industry. Enzymes are protein with highly specialized catalytic function produced by all living organisms including micro organisms. Amylolytic yeasts play a significant role in starch degradation. The capacity to degrade starch differs with different species. In the present work, several strains of yeast were isolated from rotten sweet potato and rotten potato used to screen for their efficiency to hydrolyse starch. Qualitative and quantitative determination of amylolytic potentially of the yeasts were determined by assay method. Different parameters like pH, starch concentration and temperature requirement for maximum amylase production were optimized. Amylase Positive yeast strains were identified by microscopic and biochemical parameters. Four strains of yeasts of different genus were isolated from rotten sweet potato and rotten potato with higher amylase degrading capacity. Cystofilobasidium sp Filobasidium sp, Saccharomycopsis sp, and Cryptococcus sp are the different strains isolated.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53385
Title: Abnormality in Apocyclops dengizicus and Apocyclops royi of Adyar estuary, Chennai, India
Author: p. Muthupriya and K. Altaff
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cyclopoid copepods, Abnormality, Apocyclops sp., Aquatic pollution
Abstract: Apocyclops dengizicus and Apocyclops royi are the two common species of cyclopoid copepods of Adyar estuary. These species occurred abundantly even in the highly polluted condition of the estuary. Some of the members belonging to both the sexes of thes species as well as the laboratory cultured animals showed abnormality in the appendages and some of the body somites and caudal rami. Abnormality of these appendages was manifested in the constricted or enlarged condition as well as reduced number of segments and setae compared to the normal appendages. Higher abnormality is recorded in the appendages of males of these species than those of females. Asymmetrical development of antennules in male is evident. Postembryonic developmental stages of both the species of Apocyclops with malformed condition showed prolonged duration of development. Eventhough male fifth copepodid stage (CV) underwent final moulting to become adult, female copepodid V fail to do the same. Malformation prevented normal mating, spermatophore transfer and egg production in both the species. It is presumed that higher organic and industrial pollution to which these animals are subjected to might be one of the important reasons for their abnormality. Occurrence of malformed cyclopoids at a regular interval after three generations in the laboratory cultured animals, indicate that some gentic factors also might be responsible for the malformation. The results of present study is compared with reports on abnormal copepods and discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53384
Title: Screening and characterization of Pullulan producing microorganism from plant leaves in Chittoor district
Author: V. Suneetha, K.V.Sindhuja and Sanjeed Kumar Singh
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans, Exopolysaccharide, Pullulan
Abstract: Pullulan is a natural water-soluble exopolysaccharide, produced from starch by fermentation. Pullulan is used as a glazing agent, as a film-forming agent, as a thickener or as a carrier in the production of capsules for dietary supplements, as a substitute for gelatin, as a texturizer for chewing gum, coatings for coated tablets containing dietary supplements, for production of edible flavoured films, used as breath fresheners, in the production of jams, confectionery, some meat and fruit products. Pullulan consists of maltotriose units linked through a 1,6-glycosidic bond. Screening of pullulan producing microorganisms has gained importance nowadays to obtain pullulan which is known to have a wide range applications in medicine, food industry, pharmaceutical, electronic and cosmetic companies. In our study we screened Aureobasidium pullulans, a Pullulan producing microorganism from Leaves of Mangifera indica, Saraca indica, Ficus bengalensis, Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Nerium sp., Tamarindus indica leaves from a village named Iruvaram in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and are used for the isolation of Aureobasidium pullulans. The organism (Aureobasidium pullulans) was obtained from the leaves of Mangifera indica and Ficus bengalensis. The color variant isolate obtained from the leaves of Ficus bengalensis was named SSW and the pink colored colonies obtained from leaves of Mangifera indica was named SSP respectively. The organism obtained was identified and characterized by morphological identification through microscopic study. Screening methodologies, microscopic examination will be discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53383
Title: Phosphatase and urease activity in groundnut soils as influenced by selected fungicides
Author: M. Srinivasulu, G. Jaffer Mohiddin, M. Madakka and V. Rangaswamy
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tridemorph, Captan, phosphatase, urease, groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L) soil
Abstract: Two fungicides tridemorph and captan, concentration ranging from 0 to 10 kg ha-1, were treated for their nontarget effects towards the activity of phosphatase and urease in two Indian soils.In soil samples receiving 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha-1of the fungicides, the activity of phosphatase and urease was significantly more at 20 days interval, and decreased progressively with increasing period of incubation up to 30 adn 40 days.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53382
Title: Microbial quality of formulated shrimp feed on storage
Author: Natesan Sivakumar and Muthuraman Sundararaman
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacteria, fungi, feed quality, shelf-life, shrimp feed
Abstract: The present study was aimed to assess the microbial quality of formulated shrimp feed during storage at different temperatures. Five different feeds formulated with locally available raw materials including Spirulina meal at different ratio. Microbial status of the feed was studied by storing at two different temperatures (250C and 350C). Maximum bacterial count of 217 x 105 CFU g-1 was noticed in feed SP-4 at 350C on 150th day. The fungal count was higher in the feed Sp-5 stored at 250C and the count of 18 x 102 CFU g-1 was noticed on 150th day. Microbes such as Vibrio sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus sp., Alcaligens sp., Achromobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp and Penicillium sp were frequently identified from the samples on different storage temperatures.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53381
Title: Growth and siderophore production by fluorescent Pseudomonads
Author: C.N.Murugalakshmi and S.S.Sudha
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pseudomonas fluorescence, growth parameters and Siderophore parameters
Abstract: The native isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescene namely pf-01, pf-02, pf-03 and pf-04 produced the siderophores in King ' s Base, which was confirmed by the positive reaction in FeCl3 test. The chemical natures of siderophores were determined by chemical assays & bioassays and identified them as hydroxymate type. Amino acids were found to stimulate bacterial growth as well as siderophore production. The optimum yield was obtained with Ammonium Nitrate. The growth rate and siderophore production was affected when the iron concentration was increased. The threshold level of iron was 3mg P. fluorescene strains.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53380
Title: Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Salmonella sp. isolated from poultry and clinical samples
Author: Pallabi Dutta and Manab Deka
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Salmonella, polymerase chain reaction (PCB), poultry and diarrhea
Abstract: A total of 200 samples (100 poultry and 100 clinical) were screened for the presence of Salmonella serovars and 59 isolates could be isolated and identified as Salmonella. The isolates were identified by conventional biochemical methods followed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The Salmonella enterotoxin gene, stn could be detected in 19 Salmonella isolates of which 10 isolates were from chicken sources and 9 isolates were from clinical sources. In vitro antibiogram studies revealed that most of the strains were multidrug resistant and 96.61% of the isolates were resistant to Gentamycin. The results from this study indicate that the frequency of occurence of Salmonella harbouring the stn toxin gene is high in case of poultry samples than in case of patients suffering from diarrhea. Since only 9 isolates from the clinical sources harbored the stn gene hence it can be concluded that Salmonella is not a common pathogen that cause diarrhea.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53379
Title: Protective effect of carotenoids form marine crab Scylla serrata on cyclophosphamide-induced clastogenicity
Author: Sushama Parab and Madhavi Indap
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Scylla serrata, Carotenoids, Astaxanthin, Antioxidant, Anticlastogenic activity
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticlastogenic effect of carotenoids extracted from shells of marine crab, Scylla serrata. Shells were first extracted with methanol (CM) and carotenoids were further isolated in petroleum ether soluble part (CPE) of CM extract. Carotenoid concentrate (CPE) was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis respectively. CPE showed that presence of carotenoids-astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin esters, zeaxanthin and b-carotene. Both CM and CPE were examined for its protective effect against the clastogenicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) using micronucleus assay in CHO cell line. The CM extract was non-cytotoxic to CHO cells even at high concentration and significantly reduced the number of micronuclei induced by CTX. Anticlastogenic effect of CM was also investigated by measuring chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa root tip cells for three different treatments, pre-, post- and simultaneous treatment. The extract was most effective during post-treatment since there was inhibition of chromosomal aberrations up to 60.9% at highest concentration. CM also inhibited in vitro nitric oxide formation and lipid peroxidation to 91.1% and 78.1% respectively at the highest concentration of 1000 ?g/mL. Thus the protective effect of extract may be attributed to its potent radical scavenging activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 53378
Title: Production and purification of bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis
Author: V. Muthumani and B. Gunasundari
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy, Dr. P.K.Wong, Dr. Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Global Science Publications , Vol 12, No 1, 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Aian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cow milk, Lactobacillus brevis, Heat shock treatment, Cold Shock, Treatment, pH variation, SDS PAGE
Abstract: This study was to determine the production of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus brevis. The different colonies were collected from cow milk and gram staining was performed for identification of gram positive lactic acid bacteria The test organisms were inoculated into lactobacillus agar medium for pure culture. Lactobacillus brevis was selected test organism for the production of bacteriocin, confirmed by using gram staining and biochemical test, then the Lactobacillus brevis cells were taken in different time points such as 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs to study the time kinetics of the strain of interest. The best growing culture were centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 10 minutes at 40C. After 36 hrs, the Lactobacillus brevis culture were subjected into Heat shock treatment at 550C, Cold shock treatment at 40C and pH variation of the medium maintained at pH 9 for bacteriocin production. The produced bacteriocins were allowed to antimicrobial assay. Then bacteriocin was partially purified by using Column chromatography technique. Again SDS PAGE was performed to determine the molecular weight of the bacteriocin.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None