ID: 53811
Title: Biochemical effects of cadmium on the liver of catfish, Mystus tengara (Ham)
Author: P.B.Reddy, B.S.Baghel and Sapna Srivastava
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cadmium toxicity, Mystus tengara (Ham.), Acid phosphatase, Alkaline phosphatase, Dephosphorylation
Abstract: The present study is aimed to evaluate possible reasons by which cadmium toxicity causes damage to the liver of a freshwater catfish Mystus tengara (Ham.). After 30 days of exposure fish were processed for biochemical studies. Experiments were performed on estimation of total protein, DNA, RNA and enzymes like alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). Results clearly indicate that total protein, DNA and RNA contents were higher in control group than experimental groups (P>0.001 controls vs. group III) and declined minimum in the fish treated with cadmium. However, both ALP and ACP activity were maximum in treated groups. The decrease in the total protein content in experimental fish is due to decrease in DNA and RNA contents. However, it is interesting to see that in both experimental groups, both ALP and ACP activity was elevated. It may be due to as both are phosphatases and known to remove the phosphate group (dephosphorylation) at 5 ' end of DNA and thus preventing DNA from ligating. That is why that DNA content was found to be minimum in Cd groups where both enzymes were elevated. Therefore, low RNA and protein content were observed in experimental fish.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53810
Title: Sustainability of traditional drinking water sources in Himachal Pradesh
Author: Hari Pal Singh, M.R.Sharma, Quamural Hassan and Naved Ahsan
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Traditional drinking water, resources, Baories, Khatries, Himachal Pradesh
Abstract: Water is marvellous and unique substance which is very essential for life on earth. Water has been regarded as an essential commodity since time immemorial, and all the ancient civilizations settled and developed close to a source of water. But the steady increase in human population, widespread technological moderization, and new and unsustainable lifestyle have invited calamity in the form of water scarcity. This paper examines the traditional water resources in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, which is blessed with varied and bountiful natural water resources such as baories, wells, khads, nalas, nawns, chhurdus, khatries, etc. However, this study has revealed that about 18% of the traditional water resources are in disuse, many of them dying a natural death due to poor maintenance, non-repair and the availability of modern facilities such as hand pumps and piped water supply. The study also reveals that the water in 60% wells, 55% baories and 36% khatries is contaminated and not fit for human consumption. There is an urgent need to develop policies and programmes for the revival of the traditional water resources, so as to combat the problem of increasing water scarcity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53809
Title: Comparison of decolorization by Kaolin Zettlitz with common adsorbents in textile wastewater
Author: Elham Asrari, Tavallali Hossein and H. Ravanroy Mohammad
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Adsorption, Kaolin Zettlitz, Textile wastewater, Wastewater treatment
Abstract: Removal of reactive dye (RED HE7BI) from textile wastewater effluents using kaolin Zettlitz is described. Its ability for decolorization has been compared with waste newspaper, carbon active and sawdust. Parameters affecting dye uptake including contact time, reagent dosage and pH are examined. The adsorption of dyes increased with increase in pH and reached maximum at 28.12% for 100 mg/L initial concentration at pH 7.0. Adsorbents dosage optimized is 20g for every 50 mL of dye solution. As a result Kaolin Zettlitz is a suitable system for treatment of coloured effluent and decolorization of textile wastewater.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53808
Title: Coal bed methane exploration: A journey from alternative energy option to the Environment Polluting Agent
Author: Abhay M. Varade and Tushar Meshram
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Coal bed methane (CBM), CBM technology, Environment hazards, Alternative energy
Abstract: The occurrence of methane gas in the underground coal seams is well known since last many decades, but its pre-mining recovery to teh form of CBM technology has been established in recent times. Coal bed methane, no longer an emergent resource, is now maturing as a significant source of energy for mitigating the enhanced energy requirements of the world including India. The dual benefits of CBM recovery, other than alternate energy option include reduction in mining hazard and green house effect. But, the actual field experience of CBM exploration reveals that the technique is accompanied with many environmental difficulties like groundwater depletion, water disposal problem, air pollution, soil degration and adverse effects on the ecosystem etc. As a result, the regulatory bodies involved in such programs are facing the challenge of balancing the need to fulfil the projected energy demand on one hand and their duties to protect the environment on the other. Present paper focuses on the environmental hazards and their possible remedial measures vis-a-vis CBM technology.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53807
Title: Incidence of antibiotic resistance transfer among Escherichia coli from Hospital environment
Author: P.Ranjitha and E.S.Karthy
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Antibiotic resistant, Escherichia coli, Plasmid, Conjugation
Abstract: Infections caused by antibiotic resistant organisms are difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to analyse dissemination of antibiotic resistance and resistant transfer in Escherichia coli from pregnant women. Forty one multi drug resistance strains of E. coli were isolated from the urine of pregnant women in Erode district. The isolates showed high resistant to tetracycline and ampicillin antibiotics. Evaluation of the isolates for their drug resistance revealed distinct antibiotic resistant pattern and showed the increasing dissemination risk of drug resistance especially tetracycline and ampicillin. The presence of a multi plasmid in both donor and transconjugants, but not in the recipients, provided physical evidence for the transfer of antibiotic resistance and also indicated that the drug resistance mediated by plasmids. Then the strains of transcojugants were assessed for plasmid curing by acridine organe. The data signify the presence of an undesirably high level of transferable antibiotic resistance in the healthy pregnant women.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53806
Title: Biotransformation of Yellow 4G and Orange 2R textile dyes by acclimatized aerobic bacteria
Author: P.R. Thorat and R.V.Kale
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Textile dyes, Degradation of dyes, Decolourization, Aerobic bacteria
Abstract: Degradation of the textile dyes viz., Yellow 4G and Orange 2R was carried out using acclimatized soil bacterial isolates. The microbial flora from soil was acclimatized to the dyes and six promising organisms were isolated, which could decolorize 1000 ?g/mL of dyes to more than 91.00% in nutrient medium in less than 24 hours. The percent decolorization of the dyes was determined by spectrophotometry. The six isolates reduced COD more than 75%. The degradation products formed after degradation were analysed by GC-MS technique and it was found that these cultures together were analysed by GC-MS technique and it was found that these cultures together degraded Yellow 4G and Orange 2R to the products having molecular weights 149, 65, 60, 57, 43, 41 and 271, 159, 145, 107, 102, 91, 81, 61, 55, 43 and 41 respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53805
Title: Removal of sulphur dioxide from exhaust sulphurous flue gases at Shree cement ltd., beawar for enviornent cleaning
Author: Rashmi Sharma, Shveta Acharya and Arun Kumar Sharma
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Flue gases, Sulphur dioxide, Desulphurization, Shree Cement Ltd
Abstract: Laboratory studies were conducted to know about the effect of pH of sodium hydroxide solution and its temperature for absorption of SO2 contained in flue gases. It was found the the pH of the solution should be alkaline for good absorption of SO2. Because of the acidic nature of SO2, the reaction is restricted in acidic solution and maximum absorption of SO2 was found in temperature range between 20-250C. At higher temperature reversible reaction may take place and partially formed product maybe changed back into initial reactants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53804
Title: Geospatial modelling of groundwater fluctuation using Remote Sensing and GIS-A case study for Hosur Union
Author: L.Yeshodha, T. Meenamabal, H.N.Rajakumara and S.Arunachalam
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater, Geospatial modelling, Vomonoi maps, Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS)
Abstract: This paper describes the study of groundwater fluctuation in the study area using remote sensing and GIS technique. In this study, Hosur Union of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, was selected as the study area. The base map of the study area was prepared by using Survey of India Toposheet at a scale of 1:50000. The groundwater fluctuations were studied for varying rainfall intensity. The analysis was carried out using spatial interpolation technique and Thiessen polygon method. For the analysis by spatial interpolation technique, the water level fluctuations for every 4 years interval were considered. In this technique, spline method was used to create teh continuous surface for groundwater data. This method considers the distance between both unknown points and known points and measures the spatial correlations between two points so that the weights can change according to the spatial arrangements of samples. In Thiessen polygon method, Voronoi polygons were created so that every location within a polygon is closer to the sample point in that polygon than any other sample point. The Voronoi mapping tool provides a number of methods for assigning or calculating values to polygons. The results by both the methods indicated that the overall groundwater potential is low in the study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53803
Title: Application of ecofriendly natural dye on cotton obtained from the stem of Achras sapota using combination of Mordants
Author: M. Kumaresan, P.N.Palanisamy and P.E.Kumar
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Ecofriendly natural dye, Achras sapota, Mordants
Abstract: The colour fastness properties of the stem of Achras sapota dyed on cotton were studied using combination of mordants such as myrobolan: nickel sulphate, myrobolan: aluminium sulphate, myrobolan: potassium dichromate, myrobolan: ferrous sulphate, and myrobolan: stannous chloride in the ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. The washing, rubbing, light and perspiration fastness of the dyed samples were evaluated giving fair to excellent fastness grades.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53802
Title: Groundwater resource assessment in Kushavathi watershed, Chickballapur district, Karnataka, India
Author: T.M.Mohan Kumar, M. Inayathulla and P.S.Nagaraja
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Remote sensing, GIS, Groundwater potential, Geomorphology, Landuse
Abstract: In the present study, an attempt has been made to delineate the groundwater potential zones in the Kushavathi watershed, Chickballapur district, Karnataka. The study has been for targeting groundwater in hard rock terrain by adopting remote sensing and GIS techniques. Information on geomorphology and land use is generated using the remote sensing data. The hydrogeomorphic units like floodplains and valleys have good groundwater potential, and pediplains and pediments have moderate to poor groundwater potential. The structural hills, denudational hills and inselberg are indicated as runoff zones. The weathered and fractured zone constitute the aquifer system in the area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53801
Title: Groundwater pollution due to urbanization and industrialization in Tumkur district, Karnataka, India
Author: M.S.Rudresha, R. Jeevan Kumar, Fakruddin and Basavaraju
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater pollution, Urbanization, Industrialization, MPN of coliforms
Abstract: The present study aims at the assessment of groundwater quality in and around Tumkur district and in an erstwhile freshwater stream carrying huge quantities of domestic, agricultural and industrial effluents. Groundwater samples have been collected from bore well and open wells and subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical and bacteriological analysis. The study reveals that 52.13% of the samples were non-potable due to the presence in excess of several water quality parameters as per the standards laid out by the Bureau of Indian standards (BIS). Nitrate, total hardness and iron were found to be the chief culprits. Nitrates account for 50%, and total hardness and iron for 33.3% of the non-portability of samples. 50% of the samples examined indicated bacterial contamination of the groundwater.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53800
Title: Protection of Rebar concrete by means of inhibitor admixture
Author: B. Kameshwari
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Corrosion, Corrosion inhibitors, Inhibitor admixture, Reinforced concrete
Abstract: This paper deals with the effectiveness of nitrite based and amine based inhibitors in protecting steel rebar against corrosion due to aggressive environment. The suitability of the inhibitor was evaluated by carrying out flexural tests. Inhibitors were admixed during casting and the concentration of inhibitor was varied from 3% to 5%. The corrosion of reinforcement is accelerated by chemical and electrochemical techniques. Amine based inhibitor delays the onset of corrosion. Further, EIS studies were performed to study the effectiveness of amine based inhibitor.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53799
Title: Impact of Industrial wastewaters on the physicochemical characteristics of Chambal River at Nagda, M.P., India
Author: P.B.Reddy and B.S.Baghel
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Industrial wastewaters, Physicochemical, characteristics, chambal river
Abstract: The impact of effluent from chemical and textile industries on the physicochemical characteristics of Chambal river was carried out for period of one year. Water samples were collected quarterly covering all the three seasons. Five sampling stations were chosedn along the river, corresponding to the locations with notable industrial discharges into the river. The effluents discharged into stations 2, 3 and 4 led to slight increase in pH, BOD and COD values. t-test results revealed that turbidity, TDS, TSS, electrical conductivity, DO, chloride, sulphate and hardness were significantly different among various stations sampled. The upstream (station 1) and downstream (station 5) reference sites recorded lower values of these parameters. Season did not affect much of these parameters except for chloride, sulphate and TDS, which were significantly different among the various sampling periods. The study underscores the need for immediate remediation programmers to control the poor water status of the sections of the river studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53798
Title: Adsorption of Corgo red from aqueous solution by a low-cost novel adsorbent derived from the inflorescence of Palmyra (Borassus flabellifer L.) male flowers
Author: P.E.Kumar and V. Perumal
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cong red dye adsorption, Low-cost adsorbent, Borassus flabellifer L., Adsorption isotherms
Abstract: Batch adsorption method was performed using a low cost acid activated novel adsorbent, inflorescence of palmyra male flowers carbon (IPMFC), for the removal of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions at 30+ 20C. The effects of agitation time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, pH and temperature were examined. The adsorption capacity was found to be 4.7037 mg/g of the adsorbent for the particle size of 0.15-0.25 mm. Acidic pH was favourable for the adsorption of Congo red. Equilibrium adsorption data were described by both Langmuir and Freundlich models, but Langmuir model was more fitted. Increase in temperature increased the percent removal of CR ions onto IPMFC and it was endothermic in nature.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None


ID: 53797
Title: Effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri on pituitary-gonad axis hormones in adult male rats
Author: S. Khatamasaz, F.Azarnioshan and H.Sadeghi
Editor: Prof K.P.Sharma
Year: 2010
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 9, No 3, September 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Dorema aucheri, Pituitary, Testis, LH, FSH, Testosterone, Flavonoids
Abstract: Dorema aucheri is a plant from Apiaceae family, which has several compounds such as flavonoids and kumarines. Flavonoids have antitumor, anticancer and estrogenic properties. Antiandrogenic properties of kumarines are also known. The aim of this research is to examine the hydroalcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri on serum concentration of main pituitary - gonad axis hormones including LH, FSH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Fifty adult male wistar rats weighting about 200 to 220 g were divided into five groups of ten. The control group did not receive any drug and sham operation group received an equal volume of normal saline. Other three experimental groups including low (100 mg/kg bw), medium (200 mg/kg bw) and maximum (400 mg/kg bw) received Dorema aucheri hydroalcoholic extract daily for 28 days orally. After 28 days all animals in the different groups were weighed and after anaesthetizing with ether, their blood was collected and serum concentrations of hormones LH, FSH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured by ELISA method. Data were statistically analysed by ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that LH concentrations in all experimental groups significantly increase in comparison to control and sham groups, while FSH concentrations among the different groups did not change significantly. The concentrations of testosterone and DHT in different experimental groups decreased significantly in comparison to control and sham groups. The results of the study indicate that hydroalcoholic extract of Dorema aucheri, due to estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties of flavonoids and kumarines, can change serum concentrations of pituitary-gonad axis hormones.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None