ID: 54051
Title: Community Conserved Areas in India- A Directory
Author: None
Editor: Neema Pathak
Year: 2009
Publisher: Kalpavriksh, 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Community Conserved Areas in India- A Directory
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 109
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54050
Title: Status and future of laser scanning, synthetic aperture radar and hyperspectral remote sensing data for forest biomass assessment
Author: Barbara Koch
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Forest biomass mapping, Fullwave laser, polarimetric SAR interferometry, Hyperspectral data, Multi-sensoral data
Abstract: This is a review of the latest developments in different fields of remote sensing for forest biomass mapping. The main fields of research within the last decade have focused on the use of small footprint airborne laser scanning systems, polarimetric synthetic radar interferometry and hyperspectral data. Parallel developments in the field of digital airborne camera systems, digital photogrammetry and very high resolution multispectral data have taken place and have also proven themselves suitable for forest mapping issues. Forest mapping is a wide field and a variety of forest parameters can be mapped or modelled based on remote information alone or combined with field data. The most common information required about a forest is related to its wood production and environmental aspects. In this paper, we will focus on the potential of advanced remote sensing techniques to assess forest biomass. This information is especially required by the REDD (reducing of emission from avoided deforestation and degradation) process. For this reason, new types of remote sensing data such as fullwave laser scanning data, polarimetric radar interferometry (polarimetric systhetic aperture interferometry, PollnSAR) and hyperspectral data are the focus of the research. In recent times, a few state-of-the -art articles in the field of airborne laser scanning for forest applications have been published. The current paper will provide a state-of-the-art review of remote sensing with a particular focus on biomass estimation, including new findings with fullwave airborne laser scanning, hyperspectral and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry. A synthesis of the actual findings and an outline of future developments will be presented.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54049
Title: An update on automatic 3D building reconstruction
Author: Norbert Haala, Martin Kada
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Reconstruction, Three-dimensional, Building, Urban, Automation
Abstract: The development of tools for the generation of 3D city models started almost two decades ago. From the beginning, fully automatic reconstruction systems were envisioned to fulfil the need for efficient data collection. However, research on automatic city modelling is still a very active area. The paper will review a number of current approaches in order to comprehensively elaborate the state of the art of reconstruction methods and their respective principles. Originally, automatic city modelling only aimed at polyhedral building objects, which mainly reflects the respective roof shapes and building footprints. For this purpose, airborne images or laser scans are used. In addition to these developments, the paper will also review current approaches for the generation of more detailed facade geometries from terrestrial data collection.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54048
Title: Close range photogrammetry for industrial applications
Author: Thomas Luhmann
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Close range, Metrology, Sensors, Accuracy
Abstract: This article summarizes recent developments and applications of digital photogrammetry in industrial measurement. Industrial photogrammetry covers a wide field of different practical challenges in terms of specified accuracy, measurement speed, automation, process integration, cost-performance ratio, sensor integration and analysis. On-line and off-line systems are available, offering general purpose systems on the one hand and specific turnkey systems for individual measurement tasks on the other. Verification of accuracy and traceability to standard units with respect to national and international standards is inevitable in industrial practice. System solutions can be divided into the measurement of discrete points, deformations and motions, 6DOF parameters, 3D contours and 3D surfaces. Recent and future developments concentrate on higher dynamic applications, integration of systems into production chains, multi-sensor solutions and still higher accuracy and lower costs.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54047
Title: Crowdsourcing geospatial data
Author: Christian Heipke
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Mapping, Web 2.0, Geo-referencing, User-generated content, Crowdsourcing
Abstract: In this paper we review recent developments of crowdsourcing geospatial data. While traditional mapping is nearly exclusively coordinated and often also carried out by large organisations, crowdsourcing geospatial data refers to generating a map using informal social networks and web 2.0 technology. Key differences are the fact that users lacking formal training in map making create the geospatial data themselves rather than relying on professional services; that potentially very large user groups collaborate voluntarily and often without financial compensation with the result that at a very low monetary cost open datasets become available and that mapping and change detection occur in real time. This situation is similar to that found in the Open Source software environment.
We shortly explain the basic technology needed for crowdsourcing geospatial data, discuss the underlying concepts including quality issues and give some examples for this novel way of generating geospatial data. We also point at applications where alternatives do not exist such as life traffic information systems. Finally we explore the future of crowdsourcing geospatial data and give some concluding remarks.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54046
Title: Fast robust large-scale mapping from video and internet photo collections
Author: Jan-Michael Frahm, Marc Pollefeys, Svetlana Lazebnik, David Gallup, Brian Clipp, Rahul Raguram, Changchang Wu, Christopher Zach, Tim Johnson
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: 3D modeling from video, 3D registration video, Camera registration photo collections
Abstract: This paper presents a system approaching fully automatic 3D modeling of large-scale environments. Our system takes as input either a video stream or collection of photographs obtained from Internet photo sharing web-sites such as Flickr. The system achieves high computational performance through algorithmic optimizations for efficient robust estimation, the use of image-based recognition for efficient grouping of similar images, and two-stage stereo estimation for video streams that reduces the computational cost while maintaining competitive modeling results. In addition to algorithmic advances, we achieve a major improvement in computational speed through parallelization and execution on commodity graphics hardware. These improvements lead to real-time video processing and to reconstruction from tens of thousands of images within the span of a day on a single commodity computer. We demonstrate modeling results on a variety of real-world video sequences and photo collections.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54045
Title: Automatic detection and tracking of pedestrains from a moving stereo rig
Author: Konrad Schindler, Andreas Ess, Bastian Leibe, Luc Van Gool
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Detection, Tracking, Vision, Urban Scene
Abstract: We report on a stereo system for 3D detection and tracking of pedestrians in urban traffic scenes. The system is built around a probabilistic environment model which fuses evidence from dense 3D reconstruction and image-based pedestrain detection into a consistent interpretation of the observed scene, and a multi-hypothesis tracker to reconstruct the pedestrians ' trajectories in 3D coordinates over time. Experiments on real stereo sequences recorded in busy inner-city scenarios are presented, in which the system achieves promising results.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54044
Title: A low-cost multi-sensoral mobile mapping system and its feasibility for tree measurements
Author: Anttoni Jaakkola, Juha Hyyppa, Antero Kukko, Xiaowei Yu, Harri Kaartinen, Matti Lehtomaki, Yi Lin
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Laser scanning, Mobile, Unmanned aerial vehicle, Multi-sensor, Multitemporal
Abstract: This paper presents a novel low-cost mini-UAV-based laesr scanning system, which is also capable of performing car-based mobile mapping. The quality of the system and its feasibility for tree measurements was tested usign the system ' s laser scanner. The system was constructed as a modular measurement system consisting of a number of measurement instruments: a GPS/IMU positioning system, two laser scanners, a CCD camera, a spectrometer and a thermal camera. An Ibeo Lux and a Sick LMS151 profile laser were integrated into the system to provide dense point clouds; intensities of the reflected echoes can also be obtained with the Sick LMS. In our tests, when using a car as a platform, the pole-type object extraction algorithm which was developed resulted in 90% completeness and 86% correctness. The heights of pole-type objects were obtained with a bias of -1.6 cm and standard deviation of 5.4 cm . Using a mini-UAV as the platform, the standard deviation of individual tree heights was about 30 cm. Also, a digital elevation model extraction was tested with UAV data, resulting in a height offset of about 3.1 cm and a standard deviation of 9.2 cm. With a multitemporal point cloud, we demonstrated a method to derive the biomass change of a coniferous tree with an R2 value of 0.92. The proposed system is capable of not only recording point cloud data giving the geometry of the objects, but also simultaneously collecting image data, including overlapping images and the intensity of laser backscatter, as well as hyperspectral and thermal data. Therefore we believe that the system is feasible for new algorithm and concept development and for basic research, especially when data is recorded multitemporally.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54043
Title: Radiometric calibration of small-footprint full-waveform airborne laser scanner measurements: Basic physical concepts
Author: Wolfgang Wagner
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Laser scanning, Lidar, Calibration, Cross section, Backscatter coefficient
Abstract: Small-footprint (0.2-2 m) airborne laser scanners are lidar instruments originally developed for topographic mapping. While the first airborne laser scanners only allowed determining the range from the sensor to the target, the latest sensor generation records the complete echo waveform. The waveform provides important information about the backscattering properties of the observed targets and may be useful for geophysical parameter retrieval and advanced geometric modelling. However, to fully utilise the potential of the waveform measurements in applications, it is necessary to perform a radiometric calibration. As there are not yet calibration standards, this paper reviews some basic physical concepts commonly used by the remote sensing community for modelling scattering and reflection processes. Based purely on theoretical arguments it is recommended to use the backscattering coefficient ? , which is the backscatter cross-section normalised relative to the laser footprint area, for the radiometric calibration of small-footprint full-waveform airborne laser scanners. The presented concepts are, with some limitations, also applicable to conventional airborne laser scanners that measure the range and intensity of multiple echoes.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54042
Title: Small satellites for global coverage: Potential and limits
Author: Rainer Sandau, Klaus Brieb, Marco D ' Errico
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 65, Issue 6, November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Small satellites, Earth observation, Space mission
Abstract: There is an increasing need for Earth Observation (EO) missions to meet the information requirements in connection with Global Change Studies. Small and cost-effective missions are powerful tools to flexibly react to information requirements with space-borne solutions. Small satellite missions can be conducted relatively quickly and inexpensively by using commercial off-the-shelf-technologies, or they can be enhanced by using advanced technologies. A new class of advanced small satellites, including autonomously operating "intelligent" satellites may be created, opening new fields of application. The increasing number of small satellites and their applications drive developments in the fields of small launchers, small ground station networks, cost-effective data distribution methods, and cost-effective management and quality assurance procedures. There are many advantages of small satellite missions, like more frequent mission opportunities, a faster return of data, larger variety of missions, more rapid expansion of the technical and /or scientific knowledge base, greater involvement of small industry, feasibility by universities and others.
This paper deals with general trends in the field of small satellite missions for Earth observation. Special attention is given to the potential of spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution of small satellite based systems, Examples show small satellites offer also the unique possibility to install affordable constellations to provide good daily coverage of the globe and /or allow us to observe dynamic phenomena.
The facts and examples given in this paper lead to the conclusion: Small satellites are already powerful tools for monitoring global, regional and local phenomena. In the future, their application spectrum will even broaden based on the ongoing development in many areas of technology and observation technique.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54041
Title: Diversity of arthropod natural enemies in the tea plantations of North Bengal with emphasis on their association with tea pests
Author: Soma Das, Somnath Roy and Ananda Mukhopadhyay
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 10, 25 November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Natural enemies, parasitoids, pests, predators, tea
Abstract: A study was undertaken to explore the diversity of arthropod natural enemies in sub-Himalayan tea plantations of North Bengal, India. The study revealed the presence of 94 species of predators and 33 of parasitoids in the region. New records on tea pest-natural enemy associations were made on the basis of field observations as well as laboratory rearing. Among the predators, spider and lady-bird fauna, and among the parasitoid groups, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were dominant during the survey period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54040
Title: Development of sporeless and low-spored mutants of edible mushroom for alleviating respiratory allergies
Author: Meera Pandey and Sandhya Ravishankar
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 10, 25 November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Mushrooms, mutation, Pleurotus, respiratory allergy, sporeless mutants
Abstract: Oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus species, are the second largest cultivated mushrooms, accounting for 30% of the global mushroom production. The fruiting bodies of Pleurotus are gymnocarpous, i.e. spore discharge begins early and continues until the sporophores are harvested. Estimates have established that a good-sized mushroom can release 100 million spores per hour. The inhalation of these spores induces allergic responses like farmer ' s lung disease and hay fever. Research was undertaken to solve this problem through the development of sporeless or low-spored strains which would be suitable for commercial production. The UV mutation of the spores of two commerical Pleurotus species, P. florida (white oyster mushroom and P. sajor-caju (grey oyster mushroom) led to the production of two mutants. The mutant of P. florida was totally sporeless with light grey mushrooms, having a white, soft, long central stipe and yielded 40% higher than the parental P. florida. The mutant produced from P. sajor-caju was low-spored (spore content decreased by 99%) with grey mushrooms having highly wavy margins and a short central stripe. Both these mutants are stable since the last 9 years and more than 40 sub-culture generations. The cultivation technology is similar to the commercial species and the taste and aroma too are similar. These mutants will shortly be released as sporeless and low-spored mutants for commercial cultivation in the country.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54039
Title: Functional dioecy in Nothapodytes nimmoniana, a distylous species in the Western Ghats
Author: Manju V. Sharma, R. Uma Shaanker, R. Vasudeva and K.R. Shivanna
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 10, 25 November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Distyly, functional/cryptic dioecy, functional gender, heteromorphy
Abstract: Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) is a subcanopy tree species, commercially exploited for its wood chips that yield an anti-tumour alkaloid. The species displays intriguing sexual variation. Apart from the flowers which are comparable to typical thrum and pin morphs of distylous species, some flowers show intermediate features. We studied functional gender of the different flower types to assess the sexuality of individual plants in two populations in the Biligiri Rangan Hills Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India. The species shows functional/cryptic dioecy. Thrum flowers are functionally males, pin flowers are females and intermediate flowers are bisexual with functional pollen and stigma. Apart from male and female plants, a small proportion of plants which are essentially males produces a small number of female and bisexual flowers. We refer to the sexual system in Nothapodytes as subdioecy and it appears to be a transitory stage in the evolution of dioecy from heterostyly.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54038
Title: Altered gibberellin and auxin levels in the ovaries in the manifestation of genetic parthenocarpy in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Author: P. Hazra, A.K.Dutta and Padma Chatterjee
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 10, 25 November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Auxin, faculative parthenocarpy, gibberellic acid, ovary, tomato
Abstract: Precocious ovary development and altered gibberellin (GA) and auxin levels in the ovary of the pat-2 gene-induced facultative parthenocarpic line of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Oregon Pride was studied. Unpollinated ' Oregon Pride ' ovaries showed marked development with 2.78-fold higher GA content at anthesis and 10.48- fold higher auxin content at 2-3 days before anthesis stage, than the ovaries of the non-parthenocarpic line Patharkuchi at the corresponding stages of the flower which might have triggered the precocious onset of cell division and elongation in the pericarp. Very low selfed and crossed seeds in the fruits of Oregon Pride indicated that marked higher GA and auxin concentration in the ovary leading to anticipated ovary growth and parthenocarpy might have resulted in impaired fertilization by either enhancing ovule abortion or reducing the pollen tube growth.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54037
Title: Is dew useful for Himalayan plants?
Author: S.C.Joshi and L.M.S Palni
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2010
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 99, No 10, 25 November 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Himalayan plants, photosynthetic response, reactive water content
Abstract: Dew formation is a common phenomenon during October to February for plants growing in the tropical and subtropical Himalaya. Occurrence of dew for such a lengthy period may have important implications on ecophysiological responses that contribute to the growth, survival and productivity of plants. A perusal of the literature, however, shows conflicting reports on the impact of dew formation in plants. Further, such studies are also lacking for Himalayan plants. The present study was, therefore, undertaken with twin objectives: (i) to understand the effects of dew on photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm ratio), transpirational water loss, stomatal conductances for CO2 and water vapour, intercellular CO2 concentration, water use efficiency (WUE) and relative water content (RWC) in the leaves of three multipurpose evergreen tree species, viz., Boehmeria rugulosa Wed., Grewia optiva Drummond and Olea glandulifera Wall. ex. G. Don, and (ii) to identify species on the basis of their repsonse to dew for plantation programmes during winter season. The dew-exposed plants of all the three species showed significant (P<0.05) reduction in photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm ratio, transpiration rate and stomatal conductances for CO2 and water vapour and WUE. The reduction was more prominent in B. rugulosa and O. glandulifera than G. optiva, indicating that G. optiva is less sensitive to dew compared to the other two species. Dew also did not improve RWC rather it decreased in the dew-exposed plants of G. optiva. Based on the results it may be suggested that dew, though a form of water, may not be useful to the Himalayan plants at least for the three species studied. Thus without providing protective measures from dew these plant species may not be successful in plantation programmes during winter season in the Himalayan region.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None