ID: 54727
Title: Effect of sublethal concentration of padan on the biochemical composition of Tilapia mossambica (Peters)
Author: M D Bindhuja and K Revathi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Tilapia mossambica, Acetylcholinesterase, Alkaline phosphatase
Abstract: In the present study sublethal dose of Padan (50SP) on Tilapia mossambica was studied. A significant decline in the biochemical parameter such as total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content was observed. As the pesticide concentration increases, higher decline in all the biochemical composition was noted. A dose dependent decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and alkaline phosphatase activity in muscle was observed in the fish.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54726
Title: Review on desalination of sea water by reverse osmosis in India
Author: Deepak Vishwakarma, Kavita Sharma and Anjani Kumar Dwivedi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Seawater, Desalination, reverse osmosis, membranes, Indian scenario
Abstract: New technological advances in the last 20 years tremendously reduced the capital cost and the energy consumptio so that desalination projects can be considered as alterantive solutions to water development. Number of installed plants world wide has increasing day by day, to more than 15,000 in 125 countries (Service, 2006), there has been a decrease in the production cost of desalinated water obtained by RO, from US$1.92 per kL at Catalina Island, California in 1990 to a low point of US$0.47 at Tuas, Singapore in 2003, but then rising again to US$1.10 at Chennai, India in 2005, (Adham, 2007). The development of high rejection (Wilf, 2005), low energy membrane products and high efficiency energy recovery devices (Stover, 2008) has made the sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) technology very competitive. There is no reliable statistics available on number of larger SWRO plants in India, their capacities, technologies adopted and status on these plants in India. However, rough indications are that there are few major SWRO plants operating or under construction more than 1000 membrane based small desalination plants of various capacities ranging from 20 m3/day to 10,000 m3/day. There are few thermal based desalination plants also. SWRO is a mature technology and India has a larger coastal areas and huge amount of raw sea water to set up seawater desalination plants. At global level SWRO and hybrid SWRO technologies has been studying to develop low energy and clean water requirements. India has such a large market, desalination requirement and need to research on SWRO technology to future developments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54725
Title: Seasonal variations of disinfection by - products in drinking water
Author: Sanjay Verma, A K Sharma, J S Yadav and J K Srivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water Treatment Plant (WTP), Disinfection by-products (DBPs), Trihalomethanes (THMs), Natural Organic Matter (NOM), Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Abstract: Chlorine is one of the most common disinfectant agents in water disinfection process world wide. The goal of the water disinfection is to protect the water in the distribution systems against microbial contamination and to provent and control re-growth of microorganisms in the drinking water distribution system. However, disinfectants, especially chlorine, react with natural organic matter (NOM) to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs), which are considered to be of concern from a chronic exposure point of view, specially carcinogenicity and birth defects. Monitoring results at the water treatment plants (WTPs) from Ujjain city are presented in this study in the period of January-December 2007. Also was monitored the seasonal variations of THMs formation. THMs formation during disinfection of drinking water depends on various parameters such as pH, temperature, natural organic matter, bromide concentration, UV absorbance at 254 nm and reaction time. To assess the influence of seasonal variations in these parameters, laboratory experiments wree performed monthly with filtrated water from the two WTPs. Chlorine decay and THM formation kinetics were also determined, which would be useful in prediction of THM formation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54724
Title: Effect of acid rain on the leaves of Pedilanthus tithymeloides Linn
Author: Ganesh Iyer and Seema Menon
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Pedilanthus tithymeloides, Acid rains, injury to leaves
Abstract: Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the injuries on leaves and evaluate the degree of susceptibility of Pedilanthus tithymeloides Linn. to stimulated acid rain (SAR). Plants were treated for one month for different pH like 4.54, 5.6 and 6.55. Control plants were stimulated with distilled water. Transverse section of leaves were taken to observe the effect on cuticle, epidermis and mesophyll tissue. Effect on chloroplast density and shape were also notes. Recovery period after the treatment were studied. Leaves recovered within 15 days.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54723
Title: Comparison of physico-chemical and biological parameters of various water bodies in and around Bhopal (M P)
Author: Anu, S K Upadhyaya and Avinash Bajpai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: water pollution, specific conductivity, total hardness
Abstract: Present study was focussed on the assessment and comparison of water quality of various water bodies in and around Bhopal. Five water bodies (Kolar dam, Halali dam, Upper Lake, Shahpura lake and Lower lake) were selected on the basis of there different location and different uses. Upper lake, lower lake and Shahpura lake are located in urban area whereas Kolar dam and Halali dam are located in rural areas. Upper lake and Kolar reservoir are the main source of potable water in Bhopal city while the Lower lake, Shahpura lake and Halali dam are mainly used for recreational and secondary purposes. All these five water resources are used for different purposes, so water pollution in these water bodies are caused by different sources. Water quality of all five water reservoirs was assessed for a period of one year during present study. The parameters like pH, Total hardness, specific conductivity and MPN of coliforms were studied during the study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54722
Title: Comparative studies on photocatalystic efficiency of Zno and TiO2 for decolourization and mineralization of Orange II
Author: Priti Bansal, Damanjit Singh and Dhiraj Sud
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Decolorization, photocatalytic degradation, ZnO, TiO2, Orange II, Photocatalyst
Abstract: In the present study, photocatalytic degradation of Orange II (OII), in aqueous solution has been investigated employing heterogeneous photocatalytic process. Semiconductors ZnO, ZnS, SnO2 and TiO2 were used as photocatalysts. An attempt has been made to study the effect of process parameters viz. amount of catalyst, concentration of dye, irraddiation time and pH on photocatalytic degradation of OII. The rate of decolorization was estimated from residual concentration spectrophotometrically and mineralization rate was studied by measuring COD. Similar experiments were carried out by varying initial dye concentration (5-100 ppm), photocatalyst loading (0.5-2 g/l), and pH (2-10). The photocatalytic activity of ZnO has been compared with that fo Degussa P25 TiO2. The experimental results indicated that maximum decolorization of dye occurred with ZnO at natural pH (6.7) and with TiO2 at basic pH (2). The rate constants for degradation of OII using ZnO and TiO2 were calculated to be 4.3 x 10-4 s-1 respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54721
Title: Quality assesment of drinking water with respect to fluoride and arsenic in Gohpur sub-division of Sonitpur district, Assam, India
Author: Pranab Sabhapandit, Madhab Upadyaya and Abani Kumar Mishra
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Arsenic, fluoride, SD, SE, percentile, t test TC, FC, Gohpur sub-division, WHO value etc
Abstract: Thirty four water samples were analyzed for fluoride and arsenic contamination by adopting standard methods (APHA 2005). In this study, the tools used for data analysis are mainly experimental, aimed at defining possible relationships, trends or interactions among the measured variables of interest. Descriptive statistics in the forms of mean, variance (V), standard deviation (SD), standard error (SE), median, range of variation and percentile at 95%, 75% and 25% are computed for arsenic and fluoride. t test is done under null hypothesis (H0) by taking the assumption that the experimental data are consistent with the mean rating given by WHO (2004). In our investigation the result indicate that TDS, EC, pH, BOD, DO, COD, TSS were found to be very high. In 76% samples turbidity exceeds WHO guideline value 5 NTU. During the investigation we have found that 97% and 76% of the source were found positive for TC and FC. Among the samples the concentration of fluoride were within the permissible limit in most cases but arsenic arsenic concentration in five sources were found more than the permissible limit (0.05 ppm) (WHO 2004).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54720
Title: GIS based risk assessment, preparedness and prevention of crowd disaster: A case study of relegious pilgrims in India
Author: Kanti Kumar and A K Dwivedi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Crowd, religious events, Hindu temples, RA, GIS, disaster management
Abstract: The objective of this paper is to study of religious events in India often facing stampedes and crowd crush. Very often the local authorities are trained at crowd control rather than crowd management. The present study is based on the risk assessment, preparedness and prevention strategy of pilgrim site at Ujjain. Ujjain is one of the seven sacred cities of Hindus an ancient city since 4th BC in central India on the banks of river Kshipra. this city is known for its great cultural and spiritual importance like Varanasi. It is also home to the sacred mahakaleshwar jyotirlinga and is the site for kumbh mela religious festival. The nature of crowd here is varied in terms of social mix, age-range and levels of exposure ot life but the goal is common, i.e. to enjoy the spiritual bliss of a god with human attributes at one of the world ' s largest religious congregation. The nature of offerings to the God coupled with the crowd craze to have darshan may at times enhance the possibility of a disaster. The physical features of the venue do include dead ends, locked gates, convergence of several routes into one slippery floorings and steps and at times moving attractions within a crowd. There ahve been cases reported of stampedes and crow disasters in the near past. The focus is on community disastger management strategy along with adminstrative officials, NGO ' s and personnel who interact with the pilgrims.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54719
Title: Quantification of fluoride in drinking water of rural and urban areas of Balrampur district, U P, India
Author: Rahul Singh, K K Ansari and Sadguru Prakash
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ground water, fluorosis, urban and rural water quality
Abstract: A study of fluoride status in drinking water was evaluated in the Rural and Urban areas of Balrampur district. The study was conducted with an aim to assess and evaluate the reason for increasing level of fluoride in underground water around Balrampur district. Though, in most of the areas level was within the acceptable range but a significant change in level was observed. The preliminary survey reports several cases of arthritis in this area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54718
Title: Haematological abnormalities in an exotic carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, infested by a fish louse, Argulus sp
Author: Haidar Ali, K K Ansari, and Sadguru Prakash
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: crustacean parasitism, haematology, H. molitrix
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to study the impact of the parasitic infestation with Argulus sp. (Crustacea, Argulids) on the haematological parameters of silver carp, H molitrix. Fifty test fishes (Silver carps) with average body weight of 504.3+4.5g were subjected to haematological investigations. The haematological analysis showed significant reduction in RBC counts, Hb%, PCV, MCV and lymphocytes, while TLC, MCHC, ESR, Neutrophils, Basophils, Monocytes and blood glucose level were significantly increased in the infested silver carp. This study concluded that Argulus sp. causes physicological dysfunctions on the infested fish by showing several alterations in haematological parameters that may often cause anaemia through reduction in RBC counts, haemoglobin value and packed cell volume.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54717
Title: Impact of urbanization on lower lake of Bhopal (M P) India
Author: Anu, S K Upadhyaya and Avinash Bajpai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water pollution, BOD, COD, copper metal, Anthropogenic activities
Abstract: Bhopal the capital of M P, India is known as the "city of lakes", owing to a large number of water bodies present in and around Bhopal. But they are grossly polluted by domestic raw sewage from the surrounding habitation, agricultural waste, industrial awste, urbanization. The present study was focused on effect of urbanization on lower lake. The water of lower lake is compared with a reservoir which is away from the urban area. For this we have selected Lower lake and Halali dam. The water samples were taken from the identified sampling stations of these water bodies to asesss the water quality. Higher values of BOD, COD, heaby metal (Cu) in Lower lake indicate the pollution level in Lower lake due to urbanization.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54716
Title: Heavy metals contamination in waste-water irrigated agricultural soil near Bindal river, Dehradun, India
Author: Chakresh Pathak, A K Chopra, Vinod Kumar and Sachin Srivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Heavy metals, Sewage, soil, contamination
Abstract: The present study has brought out that the wastewater irrigation increased teh amount of heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Hg in the agricultural soils near Bindal river, Dehradun. Among the seven metals, the percent concentration in wastewater irrigated soil was in the order of Zn (48%)>Pb(20%)>Ni(13%)=Cu(13%)>Cr(5%)>Cd(1%). The statistical analysis showed that the concentrations of Zn, Cd and Cr were found to be significantly (P<0.05) more while the concentrations of Pb, Cu and Ni were insignificantly (P>0.05) higher in wastewater irrigated soil than that in natural water irrigated soil. The Hg was below detection limit.The concentration of metals present in soil was below the maximum permissible limits of Indian standards. However, the levels of the metals except the the Pb were more than the permissible limit of ICRCL. The contamination of these trace elements in soil may coause siginficant health risks, if they enter human food chain.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54715
Title: Effect of organochlorine pesticide lindane (gama HCH) on behaviour of Etroplus maculatus (Bloch, 1795)
Author: P J Nimila and S Bijoy Nandan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Lindane, Toxicity, water pollution
Abstract: An attempt was made to asses the behavioural responses of Etroplus maculatus to organochlorine pesticide lindane. Changes in fish behaviour such as cough, yawn, fin-flickering, partial jerk, s-jerk, burst swimming, nudge, threat and nip were evaluated under sub lethal exposure. The test concentrations selected were 0.001mg/L, 0.002 mg/L and 0.005 mg/L of lindane. Behaviour of fishes in test solutions were compared with the pattern of behaviour exhibited in the absence of pesticide under experimental conditions. The observed behaviours include cough, yawn, fin-flickering, partial jerk, s-jerk, burst swimming, nudge, threat and nip. The frequency of all these were significantly (p<0.001) higher than in the control fishes. The frequency of occurrence of observed behaviours remained in the same significant level throughout the period of observation. It was noticed that there occurred a reduction in frequency of occurrence in each test concentration but remained significantly higher than the control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54714
Title: Simulation modeling on nutrient transformation in a tropical wetland
Author: Gajendra Kumar Singh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Nutrients, wetlands, biogeochemical cycle, sediments, water
Abstract: Simulation studies on seasonal variation of nutrient transformation among macrophytes, biota, soil and water by developing a correlation matrix were done. Results reveal that major source of nutrients in this wetland is through surface run off and river discharge and Carbon and Nitrogen fixation. Nutrient dynamic modeling on simulation curves revealed ecosystem resilience through biogeochemical cycling among soil, water and biota. The wetland is biogeochemically open as there if significance movement of nutrient across the ecosystem boundary and it acts as sink having lake permanence index 1.5m. Interrelated physical chemical and biological processes involved in nutrient transformation have been dealt in the text.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54713
Title: Environmentally sound management and disposal of radioactive wastes
Author: D P Tripathy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2010
Publisher: EM International, Vol 29 (4), 2010
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Radioactive wastes, Radiation, radiation management
Abstract: The creation of huge quantities of short and long-lived radioactive wastes is the most formidable problem facing the nuclear power industry today. The difficulty of waste disposal was not considered to be a big problem during the time when power plants were first introduced; it was assumed that waste could be recycled or buried. Unfortunately, finding safe ways of storing radioactive wastes so that they do not leak radiation itno the environment has proved to be a much more difficult task than anticipated. This paper comprehensively overviews the nuclear fuel cycle, types of radioactie wastes, health risk associated with radioactive wastes, with special emphasis on current disposal practices and management of radioactive wastes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None