ID: 54892
Title: Recovery of water from textile industry eflluent and economics- A case study
Author: D S Kharat and A B Akolkar
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Textile industry, effluent treatment, Ultra-filtration, reverse osmosis
Abstract: Textile industries generate substantial quality of effluent, which can be effectively treated by using advanced treatment technologies including reverse osmosis. These technologies produce the treated effluent that can be recylced and reused in the process. A study was conducted to evaluate performance of effluent treatment plant installed in a typical textile industry engaged in production of cotton goods. The results indicated that the treatment plant consisting of primary treatment followed by ultra-filtration and reverse produce effluent with TSS of 10 mg/L, TDS of 642 mg/L, COD of 81 mg/L and colour of 20 hazen units. The treated effluent is reused by the industry in process. Cost of treatment comes to Rs 73.22 per m3 of effluent. The paper covers production process, effluent characterisation, effluent treatment scheme and performance with economics of treatment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54891
Title: Effects of solid waste disposal on water in Imphal city, Manipur
Author: W Chaoton Meetei and Ibotombi Singh
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Solid waste, disposal site, Non-disposal site, physico-chemical parameters, water pollution , Imphal city
Abstract: Solid waste is now becoming one of the major environmental pollutant in the world. Unauthorized, unhygienic and unscientific disposal practices of the solid wastes generated from households, markets, commericial establishments, industries etc. causes serious health hazards by polluting important natural resources like air, water, soil etc. Present paper deals with water pollution caused due to disposal of solid waste in Imphal city. Water samples collected from 4 disposal and 3 non-disposal sites were anlaysed to work out the level of pollutants. Results obtained after analysis shown that there is a vast differences between the water quality of solid waste disposal area and non-disposal area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54890
Title: Use of vermicompost as a diet for the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
Author: Bibhas Guha, Rana Biswas and Kausik Mondal
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Vermicompost, Fish, Diet, Catfish
Abstract: Vermicompost (VC) is considered as cheap and environmentally safe source of nutrient for use in agriculture and aquaculture. Experiments were designed in laboratory glass aquaria of 15 liter capacity to evaluate if VC is accepted by the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis as a diet. Three different proportions of VC and a reference diet (32.50% crude protein) were used as diet in this experiment: i) Reference Diet (RD); ii) 50% RD + 25% VC; iii) 50% RD + 50% VC; and iv) 100% VC. The results of the experiment indicated that H. fossilis accepted the diet containing 50% RD and 50% VC at significantly higher rate than the other diets. The implication of the study is that vermicompost can be used as a dietary ingredient in the diet of H. fossilis and cost of the diet can be reduced.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54889
Title: Mercury induced behavioral alterations in Channa punctatus
Author: Neeraj Gupta and Anish Dua
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Mercury, LC50, Channa punctatus, behaviour
Abstract: Heavy metals impose a major threat to the aquatic environment for the last few decades. Mercury is a highly toxic heavy metal that is found both naturally and can be introduced in the environment by anthropogenic activities. The present study was performed in order to investigate different behavior aspects of Channa punctatus on exposure ot sublethal concentrations of mercuric chloride. LC 50 value was calculated and its sublethal concentrations were made. The fishes were exposed to these concentrations for 24h and 15 days. Mercuric chloride exposure caused hypoxia, loss of equilibrium, decrease in resting period and opercular movements and showed erratic and speedy movements.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54888
Title: Modeling of trihalomethanes (THMS) in drinking water by artificial neural network
Author: Sanjay Verma, Ashok Sharma, Sarita Sharma and Rajan K Priyadarshi
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Neural network, Modelling and THMs
Abstract: Chlorine is the main source for drinking water disinfection. In water, chlorine reacts with natural organic matter present in the raw water to form certain organohelides. These include trihalomethanes (THMs) and other halo compounds. These disinfection by-products (DBPs) are suspected to be carcinogenic. The chances of formation of THMs (CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3) are increased when excess of chlorine is available. Controlling the formation of DBPs is also essential to comply the drinking water qualities guidelines. Analysis of DBPs is time consuming and costly. Prediction of THMs concentrations using appropriate models for particular source water may be useful for monitoring THMs concentrations. For prediction of formation of THMs several modelling approach were used in the past. These include kinetic and regression based models. In the present study ANN based model is devleoped for the prediction of THMs. pH, TOC, chlorine dose and residual chlorine were considered as responsible for THMs formation and taken as independent variables in the modelling. Back propagation network which shows relation between independent variables has been considered and Stuttgart Neural Network Simulator (SNNS) was used for modelling.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54887
Title: Evaluation of lake water quality using multiple linear regression modelling
Author: A M Sheela, J Letha and Sabu Joseph
Editor: Dr. R. K. Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (1), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Multiple regression analysis, Trophic State Index, Akkulam-Veli lake, Kerala
Abstract: Lakes are now under the threat of pollution due to anthropogenic activities. The monitoring of lake water quality helps to identify the causes of pollution and conservation measures can accordingly be envisaged. The trophic state index based on secchi disk depth (TSI-SD) shows the trophic status of a lake system. The aim of the work is to analyse the lake water quality data (Akkulum-Veli Lake, Kerala, India) using multiple regression analysis (MRA) during hte pre-monsoon (PRM), monsoon (MON), and the post-monsoon (POM). The prediction of TSI-SD using multiple regression equation yields the significant water quality parameters that affect the clarity of the lake during the different seasons. Thus the MRA can be effectively used to identify the factors affecting the trophic status of a lake system.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54886
Title: Ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of various ailments by Bhil tribe of Ratlam district (Madhya Pradesh) India
Author: Dinesh Jadhav
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Ethnomedicinal plants, Bhil tribe, Ratlam district, Madhya Pradesh
Abstract: Frequent ethnomedicinal surveys were conducted between August, 2004 to March, 2007 in different villages of Ratlam district. Results of these surveys indicated that 68 plant species are interestingly used for the treatment of various diseases by the Bhil tribals of the district. Botanical names followed by family, local names and the ethnomedicinal uses habe been provided.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54885
Title: Ethnobotanical practices of tribals in Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere reserve
Author: Lalji Singh, Jayant Kasture, U S Singh and S S Shaw
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Ethnobotany, Exploitation, Local inhabitants, Tribals
Abstract: The study was conducted on documentation of utilization of products of plant resources by local inhabitants of Achanakmar Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) district Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. Twenty six tree species were found in the study site and their products were collected adn utilized for domestic and commercial purposes. Tree species come under sixteen families and the abundance of families of tree species were in the order of Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The study revealed that the demand for tree species like Buchanania lanzan (Char), Syzygium cumini (Jamun), Emblica officinalis (Aonla), Aegle marmelos (Bael), Diospyros melanoxylon (Tendu) and Semecarpus anacardium (Bhelwa) etc. has alarmingly increased in the recent past due to their multiple uses and commercial exploitation. Few useful tree species such as Shorea rubusta (Sal), Terminalia alata (Saja), Madhuca indica (Mahua), Diospyros melanoxylon (Tendu), T. chebula (Harra), T. bellirica (Bahera), Cleistanthus collinus (Karra), Semecarpus anacardium (Bhelwa), Syzygium cumini (Jammu), Lannea coromandelica (Gunja) and Anogeissus latifolia (Dhawra) are observed in the area. The study emphasized to conserve and domesticate these tree species for improving the livelihood of local inhabitants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54884
Title: Diversity pattern of habitats and vascular plant species in Tapkeshwari Hill Ranges in the Kachchh Island, Gujarat, India
Author: Ekta B Joshi, B K Jain and P N Joshi
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Tapkeshwari Hill Ranges, Diversity pattern, Vascular plant species, Kachchh island
Abstract: Tapkeshwari Hill Ranges (THR) are located close to Bhuj city- district headquarter (7 kms) and provide high diversity of floral species in various vegetation types or habitats i.e. Euphorbia Scrub, Prosopis scrub, Thorn Mixed Scrub, Open Scrub, Thorn Mixed Forest, Acacia senegal Forest, A. nilotica Forest amd Salvadora Mixed. In the July-September (2006, 2007 and 2008), the vegetation was sampled along fourteen altitudinal transects within the five hillock clusters, from the top (270 m. a. s. l) down to 150 m amsl, on ten main hillock ranges in the THR. With the increase of altitude the dominant plant cover changes from a thorn-mixed community, narrow leaves plants, to a woody shrub community and finally, stunted thorny plants with degraded open grasses. The maximum concentration of species number (Abundance) and diversity index (H ' ) observed in teh middle slope indices that the diversity index value and altitudinal range are inversely proportional. The high species diversity index or abundance in the altitudinal range of 201-225 m means greater effort should be made focussed on conservation on plants diversity of this area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54883
Title: Vegetational structure of Rhododendrons and associate species in Western Himalaya
Author: S Nautiyal, Sajad Razvi and Shailesh Prasad
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Rhododendron spp, Importance Value Index (IVI), Quercus semicarpifolia, Garhwal Himalaya
Abstract: The genus Rhododendron constitutes a dominant combination in temperate, subalpine and alpine vegetation of the Western Himlayan. In this study, we examined the species composition, diversity, dominance and importance value index of Rhododendron and associate tree species along with altitudinal gradient in Garhwal Himalaya at three forest sites. Rhododendron arboreum and R. barbatum emerged as a dominanf species on the site I, lies (2100-2900 m) with the IVI values 122.48 and 50.67 respectively. Quercus semicarpifolia, Taxus baccata and Abies pindrow were the main associate species of these two Rhododendron species. At site second which is forming the transition zone of timber line and alpine postures (3000 to 3600 m) R. campanulatum was pure patches. At site III which lies at an altitude of 3900 to 4200 m, R. anthopogon and R. lepidotum were found in pure patches as well as mixed form. The associate species were perennial herbs and grasses. The highest IVI was found in R. anthopogon (195-80) followed by R. campanulatum (185.07) and minimum IVI was recorded in case of R. barbatum (50.67) among Rhododendrons. However, Quercus semicarpifolia recorded highest IVI (82.93) followed by Taxus baccata and minimum IVI value was observed in Abies pindrow (7.49) among associates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54882
Title: Seeds of Hyptis suaveolens - A source of mucilage
Author: Abha Rani, Pravin H Chawhaan and Mala Rathore
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Essential oil, Hyptis suaveolens, mucilage, physico-chemical properties, visocity
Abstract: Hyptis suaveolens (Linn) Poit commonly known as ' wilayati tulsi ' , is an aromatic herb and known to yield volatile oil which possesses insecticidal properties. This investigation reveals that H. suaveolens is a good source of mucilage as it contains 18-20% seed coat mucilage. Mucilage of H. suaveolens is dark brown in colour, odourless, opaque (exposed surface), slightly acidic in pH, least water soluble and swells too many times their original size in water, forming an adhesive gelatinous mass. It gives white precipitate with basic lead acetate, positive test with molisch ' s reagent, negative test with iodine and ferric chloride. Its moisture content 11-12%, total ash 5.54%, ash (acid insoluble)0.50%, ash (water insoluble) 2.78%, protein content 3.50%, pentosans 1.12-3.9%, acid value 0.32-0.33 and saponification value 11.22 were recorded. On the basis of the investigation, H. suaveolens mucilage has been found to possess qualities at par with the sources presently used as mucilage for industrial use.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54881
Title: A report on the bioecology of the Giant Red Bug, Macroceroea (Lohita) Grandis (Gray) (Family: Pyrrhocoridae) and its conservation in the Bhibhutibhusan Wild Life Sanctuary, Parmadan, West Bengal
Author: Bulganin Mitra, Dhriti Banerjee and R S Mridha
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Giant Red Bug, Macroceroea (Lohita) grandis (Gray), Bioecology, conseration, Trewia nudiflora
Abstract: The present study reveals that the integral association of the giant red bug Macroceroea (Lohita) grandis (Gray) with the false white teak tree, with regards to its saprozoic feeding and all other essential biological activities need the presence of the host plant species and its loss is directly related with the existence of the bug. Though insects are overlooked when forest management issues are discussed, proper management of our forests however should not exclude the forest association and dependent fauna. Even innocuous actions like clearing of forest, removal of leaf litter and rotting fruits (as in the present case) can actually have larger implications like habitat loss for a species. Thus, while planning forest management and conservation strategy even these smaller issues should be kept in mind.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54880
Title: Assessment of wood traits variation in the segregating populations of Eucalyptus hybrids
Author: S K Verma and S K Sharma
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Eucalyptus hybrids, E citriodora, E torelliana, Segregating populations, wood properties
Abstract: The present paper reports the genetic variation observed in wood properties viz. fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and wall thickness in segregating populations of F2 reciprocal hybrid class (E. citriodora x E. torrelliana), F2 E. citriodora x E. torelliana and parents (E. citriodora and E. torelliana) which were developed at New Forest Dehradun (India). A subtle range in variation in wood properties was observed due to segregation when compared with parents. The differences in wood properties of outer, middle and inner segments of core samples were found statistically significant for increase in specific gravity. The individuals in F2 and F3 generations have recorded higher fibre length, outer fibres diameter and less wall thickness as compared to parents. The differences between parents and segregating populations were found siginficant . Significant negative correlations were found between outer fiber diameter and dbh, specific gravity and fiber length, fiber lumen diameter and dbh, specific gravity and fiber length while significant positive correlation was found between specific gravity and fiber wall thickness.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54879
Title: Human-Malayan sun bear conflicts in Manipur state, India
Author: N P S Chauhan and Janmejay Sethy
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Malayan sun bear, Helarctos malayanus, conflicts, human casualties, crop depredation, conservation, management, mitigation
Abstract: A survey in the Manipur state, India was carried out to study the human-Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) conflict during 2007-2008. Information on human casualties was collected by conducting informal interview of the tribal people in randomly selected villages in Chandel and Ukhrul districts. In total, there were 98 human injury cases by sun bear during 1995-2008. Males were attacked more (87.75%) than females (12.24%). Injuries were caused to face, nose, eyes, neck, hand and legs. Bear attacks were recorded in all the seasons, but maximum cases occurred during autumn and winter months. During March, April, November and December, 7.14%, 15.30%, 19.38% and 18.36% casualties respectively occurred. Out of 98 cases, victims were mainly in the age group of 21-30 years (35.29%), followed by 31-40 years (35.29%), and 41-50 years (22.35%). Bear accounted for only 1.17%, 3.52% and 2.35% cases in the age group of 10-20 years, 51-60 years and 61-70 years respectively. Information on sun bear attacks on human beings and circumstances are presented and discussed. Maximum cases i.e 63 (66.3%) occurred in forests, followed by 17 (17.34%) cases in crop fields and 18 (18.36%) cases in the vicinity of villages.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 54878
Title: Saussurea obvallata (Sacred species): A contemporary context of biodiversity conservation
Author: Meenakshi Bhardwaj, N S Chauhan, S K Pareek, Rekha Naithani and Rajesh Chauhan
Editor: Dr V R R Singh
Year: 2011
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 137, No 6, June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Conservation, saussurea obvallata, Biodiversity, sacred
Abstract: Medicinal plants require necessary conservation efforts for protection and sustainable use. Tribal community Kinnaura in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh has protected and conserved Saussurea obvallata, one of the endangered plant species of the Himalayas through their social and cultural traditions and have made an exemplary contribution by exhibiting as to how their traditional values could help in biodiversity conservation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None