ID: 55267
Title: Change detection method based on fractal model and wavelet transorm for multitemporal SAR images
Author: Shiqi Huang, Xinhua Cai, Shunxiang Chen, Daizhi Liu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 6, Dec 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: SAR image, FMWT algorith, Fracta model, Change detection, TDDSWT, Fractal dimension, GFCD algorithm
Abstract: The interaction is quite complex between a ground object and an electromagnetic wave tranmitted by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In a ground resolution cell illuminatettd by a radar beam, there are many chaotic scatters and the whole scattering echo has the chaotic characteristittcs which is usually described with the fratattl theory, and the fractal dimension can be used to detect the change information for multitemporal SAR images. In order to improve the change detection effect with fractal model, this paper proposes a new multitemporal SAR imammge change detection algorithm based on the fractal model and wavelet transform (called FMWT algorithm). The FMWT algorithm has two advantages. One is insensitive to speckle noise; the other is that the change detection accuracy is improved, comparing with a general fractal change detection (GFCD) algorithm. Since the FMWT algorithm adopts the two-dimensional discrete stationary wavelet transform (TDDSWT) technique, it can obtain different direction sub-images and avoid down-sampling of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In the paper, not only the simulative data test has been carried out, but also the real natural disaster SAR images have been checked. Experimental results verify that the FMWT algorithm is feasible for multitemporal SAR iiimage change detection, it is not sensitive to speckle noise of SAR images, and the performance of it is better than that of the GFCD algorithm. At the same time, the size of a sliding window will bring some affetion in counting fractal dimensions.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55266
Title: A spatial stochastic algorithm to reconstruct artificial drainage networks from incomplete network delineations
Author: J S Bailly, F Levavasseur, P Lagacherie
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 6, Dec 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Channels, ditches, mapping, graphs, simulated annealing, simualtion, uncertainties, remote sensing, random walks
Abstract: A spatial stochastic algorithm that aims to reconstruct an entire artificial drainage network of a cultivated landscape from disconnected reaches of the network is proposed here. This algorithm uses randon network initialisation and a simulated annealing algorithm, both of which are based on random pruning or branching processe, to converge the multi-objective properties of the networks; the reconstructed networks are directed tree graphs, conform to a given cumulative length and maximise the proportion of reconnected reaches. This algorithm runs within a directed plot boundaries lattice, with the direction governed by elevation. The proposed algorithm was applied to a 2.6 km2 catchment of a Languedocian vineyard in the south of France. The 24 km long reconstructed networks maximised the reconnection of the reaches obtained either from a hydrographic database or remote sensing data processing. The distribution of the reconstructed networks compared to the actual networks was determined using specific topographical and topological metrics on the network. The results show that adding data on disconnected reaches to constrain reconstruction, while increasing the accuracy of the reconstructed network topology, also adds biases to the geometry and topography of the reconstructed network. This network reconstruction method allows the mapping of uncertainities in the representation while integrating most of the available knowledge about the networks, including local data and global characteristics. It also permits the assessment of the benefits of the remote sensing partial detection process in drainage network mapping.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55265
Title: Building population mapping with aerial imagery and GIS data
Author: Serkan Ural, Ejaz Hussain, Jie Shan
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 6, Dec 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Building extraction, Image classification, Urban, population mapping, census
Abstract: Geospatial distribution of population at a scale of individual buildings is needed for analysis of people ' s interaction with their local socio-economic and physical environments. High resolution aerial images are capable of capturing urban complexities and considered as a potential source for mapping urban features at this fine scale. This paper studies population mapping for individual buildings by using aerial imagery and other geographic data. Building footprints and heights are first determined from aerial images, digital terrain and surface models. City zoning maps allow the classification of the buildings as residential and non-residential. The use of additional ancillary geographic data further filters residential utility buildings out of the residential area and identifies houses and apartments. In the final step, census block population, which is publicly available from the U S Census, is disaggregated and mapped to individual residential buildings. This paper proposes a modified building population mapping model that takes into account the effects of different types of residential buildings. Detailed steps are described that lead to the identification of residential buildings from imagery and other GIS data layers. Estimated building populations are evaluated per census block with reference to the known census records. This paper presents adn evaluates the results of building population mapping in areas of West Lafayette, Lafayette, and Wea Township, all in the state of Indiana, USA.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55264
Title: Shear strength characteristics of diesel contaminated compact soil with surcfactancts
Author: P Vasudeva Rao, K Sivaramakrishna, R K Srivastava, R P Tiwari, B Sudhakararao and P V V Satyanarayana
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Land contamination, diesel, remediation, surfactatn, unconfined compressive strength and compaction charectaristics
Abstract: A laboratory study was performed to understand the geotechnical properties of diesel contaminated soils for identification and classification. Locally available soil in Allahabad. , U P (India) has been collected for this study. Sodiumlauryl sulphate and liquid organi cleaner were used as a surfactants in remediation of diesel contaminated soils. The physical and engineering properties of virgin, contaminated and decontaminated soil samples are studied. The soil was contaminated with different percentages fo diesel, i.e. 20 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg and 60 mL/kg by weight of dried soil, to simulate the effect of contaminant on the virgin soil. The decreasing trend in cohension intercept and UCS, whereas increasing trend in optimum moisture content have been observed on contamination with diesel as compared to the virgin soil. In order to decontaminate the diesel contaminated soil by soil washing technique, 4 g/kg soil SDS and 4 mL LOC in one litre of water has been used separately. After decontamination it was observed that the cohesion intecept, Max dry density and UCS increases, where as and optimum moisture content of soil decreases and the value of the geotechnical properties were found near to the properties of virgin soil. There was a marginal change in angle of internal friction values. To compare the results an alternative method of Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy was carried out on laboratory virgin, contaminated and decontaminated soil samples. These results show that maximum contaminants were removed by surfactants at optimum dose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55263
Title: Optimization of number and direction of vortex breakers in the morning glory spillway using physical mode
Author: M H Tavana, H Moosavi Jahromi, M Shafai Bajestan, A R Masjedi and H Sedghi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Morning Glory Spillway, Vortex breakers, coefficient discharge, the lenth of the vortex breakers, the height of the whirlpool vortex breakers
Abstract: In order to make the most of the postentially available, the morning glory spillways are used to increase the viability and help increasing the water flow by making some changes in the environment. Besides, some researches have been carried out on increasing the viability of the prevailing spillways. Whirlpool in morning glory spillways may decrease both the discharge and the discharge coefficient of the spillway. Vortex Brealers are used to disrupt the whirlpool and to increase the viability of the spillways. In this research paper the quantity of the vortex breakers and thier heights viability are examined on the system output and the discharge amount via a hydraulic model in 190 different researches. The result of such research shows that vortex breakers increase the discharge of the spillway. Numerous short vortex breakers can have the same effects as vortex breakers in smaller number of quantities.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55262
Title: Analysis of quality of well water situated near a Paper mill industry
Author: Pallipalayam K Subramania, Kuzhandaivel Hemalatha and Khaja Kamaludeen
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Open well water, physico chemical parameters, permissible limit
Abstract: The people in some of the villages like Aayakattur, Odapalli, Paapampalayam, Vilankattur etc of Tiruchengode taluk, Tamilnadu, India, were using well water for drinking, cooking, cattle feeding and agricultural purposes since time immemorial. From 1984 onwards paper mill effluent water was led into agricultural lands of gullible farmers. Because of this the well water near the effluent irrigated lands become slowly unpalatable. So the investigation was undertaken to determine the various physical and chemical parameters of different well waters. Drinking water quality of ground water was sampled from 9 different areas. Physicochemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, calcium, magnesium, ammonia, phosphate, sodium and potassium were studied. Among the samples the effluent water was brownigh in colour with unpleasant odour, high turbidity and nauseating. Total dissolved solids for open well water is very high consequently EC was also high. The total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride and sodium content of all the water samples were above the permissible range except the effluent water.The content of iron was bove the permissible limit in S3, S5, A and C. The concentration of nitrate, nitrite and fluoride was within the permissible limit.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55261
Title: Monsoon agricultural ecosystem dependence on teleconnections and ecological planning for sustainable development
Author: M V Subrahmanyam, K P R Vittalmurthy and Dongxiao Wang
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Monsoon trough, All India rainfall, Break monsoon
Abstract: Southwest Monsoon or popularly known as Summer monsoon (SWM) is predominent factor for the Indian agricultural and economy. The breaks in monsoon effects the monsson rainfall and is having relation with the global circulations and teleconnections. During the El Nino, the breaks in the monsoon can be observed more often and it leads to not only deficit monsoon rainfall but also erratic rainfall distribution. The food grain production varies with the monsoon rainfall, which is having direct bearing of El Nino. The agricultural eco-system should have good planning for sustainable development. During Elnino the high yielding and short crop life period seeds should be encouraged in order to get good yield.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55260
Title: Managing mangrove for resilience to climate change
Author: Mary Kensa V and V Antoe Jasmine
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Mangrove, climate, impact, conservation
Abstract: Climatic change is likely to dramatically change the physical geography of the planet at an unprecedented scale and consequently impact on human geography. Global climate change is one of the greatest challenges that humans will face in this century. Although geological records show climate changes throughout history, the present rate of global warming threatens the survival of entire ecosystem. Among the most at- risk ecosystems are mangroves which are especially vulnerable to sea level rise, but the good news is that not all coastlines with mangrove forests are projected to experience a rise in relative sea level. Mangrove species have demonstrated different tolerances to changes in sea level, salinity and storms. By understanding which mangroves stands are able to survive sea-level rise and other changes, natural resources managers can identify and protect refuges that self seed and act as sources for seedlings of future mangrove communities. Building resilience into mangrove conservation requires an understanding of how mangrove will respond to climate change, what factors help them survive these changes and consequently which mangrove are most likely to survive these changes. This paper is an attempt to provide some considerations for conservation practitioners as they design conservation strategies for mangrove. This paper provides an overview of mangrove ecosystem, discusses the benefits of mangroves to people and human and global threats that compromise mangrove ecosystem. This paper describes the impacts of climate change on mangrove and outlines tools and strategies that enhance mangrove resilience.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55259
Title: Quality evaluation of municipal drinking water of Ahmedabad, India
Author: P B Vyas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Drinking water, Hardness, chloride, TDS
Abstract: Ahmedabad is a dry area situated in the Western part of the Gujarat in which Industries are dominating. There is a always scarcity of drinking water during April to August in Ahmedabad. From Tharoi dam, water supplies through out the Ahmedabad Municipality area weekly once. It satisfies the drinking needs of the people. Though this drinking water is clean, it is advisable to keep in mind some basic safety while drinking water in Ahmedabad. This paper presents a study of drinking water quality supplied by Ahmedabad Municipality. The varius parameters are studied are pH, Total Dissolved solids, Total hardness, calcium, chloride, magnesium, iron, dissolved oxygen and sulfates as per standard ISO 10500:1991.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55258
Title: Pathogenic variability in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. carthami causing wilt of safflower
Author: Sunita J Waghmare, V V Datar and D R Wagh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Safflower, wilt, Fusarium oxysporum isolates, variability pathogenic
Abstract: Variability among nineteen isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami (FOC) collected from different locations of Marathwada region was investigated in respect of pathogenicity. Isolates of FOC-12 and FOC-39 were most virulent while FOC-30, FOC-18 and FOC -35 were least virulent. On the basis of reaction on five cultivars, 19 isolates of FOC were grouped in four pathotypes, Race I, virulent on two cultivars that is Nira and Manjira, Race II virulent on Nira, Manjira and PBNS - 40 , Race III virulent on Nira, Manjira, A - I and PBNS - 40 and Race IV virulent on all five cultivars.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55257
Title: Comparative study of drinking and irrigation water quality of reservoirs: a case study from dharoi dam, Gujarat, India
Author: P B Vyas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Water quality , reservoir,, Dharoi Dam
Abstract: Reservoirs and =lakes with clear cut boundaries represent one of the most versatile ecosystems on the surface of teh earth. Like any other systems, reproirs are characterized by inputs and outputs of materials and hence represent an ongoing chemical process. The sediments that are caried to the reservoirs by catchment erosion, get progressively sedimentla to the bottom and the rapid interaction of sediment and water aided by biological activities makes reservoir an interesting laboratory. an attempt has been made to evaluate the suitability of reservoir water for drinking and irrigation by taking two reservoirs. viz., Malampuzha and Pothundi, located towards the north and south respectively of ' Palakkad Gap ' - a prominent structural discontinuity in the Western Ghats of Dharoi Dam.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55256
Title: Conservation of water for future through rainwater harvesting
Author: Sadaf Ahmad and Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Water resources, groundwater recharge, rainwater conservation, regulations and attitudes
Abstract: Rainwater harvesting is one of the promising ways of supplementing the surface and underground scarce water resources in areas where existing water supply system is inadequate to meet demand. It is one of the measures for reducing impact of climate change on water supplies. Interest in such systems is growing especially in rural area where either rainfall is well distributed through the year or where surface water is absent, groundwater is mineralized and centralized piped supplies are unaffordable. Rainwater harvesting promotes self sufficiency and fosters an appreciation for water as a resource. It saves money, saves other resources of water, reduces erosion and storm water runoff and increases water quality. The issues associated with widespread adoption of rainwater harvesting include economics and technology, water quality and health and water policies, regulations and attitudes. This paper presents the major aspects of rainwater harvesting, so that this technique can be utilized for securing future needs of water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55255
Title: Impact of coal mining activities of jharia coalfield on air environment
Author: Bhawna Dubey, A K Pal and Gurdeep Singh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
Abstract: Jharia Coalfield (JCF) occupies an important place in India ' s industrial and energy scenario by virtue of being the only storehouse of prime coking coal and important source of coal for the thermal power generation. The coalfield is subjected to intensive mining activities and accounts for 30% of the total coal production. The increasing trend of opencast mining leads to cause air pollution problems. A study was conducted during Dec 2008 - Nov 2009 to see the status of ambient air quality (Suspended particulate matter, Respirable pariculate matter, Sulphur di oxide and Nitrogen - di-oxide) status of Jharia coalfield. Air quality monitoring stations were selected after keeping the view of the place dust generation and production of gaseous pollutants. Meterological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were also recorded simultaneously during the sampling period. Level of particulate matter (SPM) and respirable particulate matter (RPM) in the study area were exceeding the Air Quality standard for coal mines, 2000 as well as for NAQQS standard (1994 and 2009). The major cause of pollution is due to the industrial, mining and allied activities as well as vehicular movement through the adjacent roads and it was suggested that sources of pollution were located between the sampling stations, and that the dispersal of pollutants into the study area was not significant. The handling plant, railway siding, transportation activites and domestic cooking were identified as the source of pollution in the study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55254
Title: Impact of climatic change on agriculture
Author: Mary Kensa V
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Climate change, agriculture, green house gases
Abstract: The paper reviews impact of climate change on Report agriculture based on various International reports.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55253
Title: Assessment of well water quality in and around Gandhinagar region (Gujarat, India)
Author: P B Vyas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 17, No (2), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology - Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Dug well, Heavy metals, alkalinity, water quality
Abstract: This paper presents results of physico-chemical study of ten water samples from dug well in Gandhinagar region, Gujarat, India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None