ID: 55297
Title: Growth, flowering, fruit set and yield performance of selected multiple hybrids of pomegranate (Punica granatum)
Author: K H Nataraja, G K Mukunda, K S Naveen Kumar and Y C Vishwanath
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Vegetative growth, flowering, yield, multiple hybrid progeny, pomegranate
Abstract: Vegetative characters studied in selected multiple hybrid progenies of pomegranate and control cvs. Bhagwa and Mridula at farmer field in Hiriyur, Chitradurga district during the year 2001-2002 in 10 months old hybrid plants. Multiple hybrid progeny 26/2 was more vigorous in nature can be illustrated clearly by the height of plant (1.7 m), spread of the plant (1.9 m each in both N-S and E-W directions) and girth of the plant at collar region (2.3 cm). The control cv. Mridula having dwarf plant type (1.4 m) with maximum leaf area per shoot (228.3 cm2). Among the multiple hybrid progenies 7/2 was found to be dwarf type with medium plant height (1.3 m), shorter length (15.5 cm) and diameter of new shoot (1.7 cm), both the control cvs. Mridula (12.7 kg/tree, 5.0 t/ha) fallowed by Bhagwa (11.9 kg/tree, 4.8 t/ha) recorded highest fruit yield when compared to any of the multiple hybrid progenies and the yield of multiple hybrid progeny 7/2 was very low (4.3 kg/tree, 1.7 t/ha).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55296
Title: Carbon sequestration potential of Wetiellopsis sp MKU 118
Author: G Suresh, S Suguna, S Shanmugasundaram and C Thangavel
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Cyanobacteria, carbonate uptake, Na+/HCO3-, symport, Westiellopsis sp
Abstract: Uptake of CO3-/HCO3- ions is correlated to growth potential of autotrophic organism including blue green alga (BGA). Strains with better carbonate ion uptake ability would have better biomass building ability. Knowledge on factors influencing carbonate ion uptake ability would help to solve the problem in successful colonization of cyanobacterial inoculants in rice/paddy fields. Monovalent and divalent cations like Na+, K+ and Ca+ seems to influence the uptake of carbonate (CO3_) ion and thereby growth in cyanobacterium. Our results prove that pH shift studies in light in the presence and absence of combined nitrogen could be used as a simple technique to assess the growth potential of blue green algae and also its potential to establish in paddy fields. The results shows that NaNO3 supports better pH shift and growth, increase in protein content, compared to presence of KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 in Westilopsis sp MKU118.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55295
Title: Stability of yield and its component characters in parents and hybrids of Okra (Abelmoschus esculantus)
Author: Namita B Raut, Arunkumar Kamble, Kirankumar Upale and R C Patil
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Okra, Stability, Parents, Yield
Abstract: The phenotypic stability of 53 genotypes of okra (30 varieties & 23 hybrids) grown over three environments was studied for yield and its component charactes. Vaiance due to genotypes and environments was highly significant for these characters. G x E interaction was significant for number of fruits per plant, early yield per plant. The F1 hybrids had greater stability for yield across teh environments than to open pollinated varieties. Stability of the crosses was attributed to the stability of parents. Stability for yield is attributed to stability for component traits.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55294
Title: Performance of gadeous under coastal conditions
Author: K Mangala, D P Kumar, and A B Sanjay
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Gladiolus, growth, flowering, performance
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the comparative performance of ten cultivars of gladiolus at Agricultural Research station, Kankanady, Mangalore. The cultivars such as White Prosperity, American Beauty, Poonam, Pink Friendship, Red charm, Prisilla, Prittacinus Hybrid, Low land queen, Shirley, Yellow Frill were evaluated under coastal conditions during 2004-05. The data indicated that cultivar American Beauty was superior with respect to spike length (83.4 cm), number of leaves (7.8), florets number (18.4), durability (11.2 days), equatorial diameter of corm (7.0 cm) and cormel yield (98.6). The cultivar White Prosperity recorded maximum plant height (120 cm), rachis length (55.1 cm) and floret length (8.9 cm). This indicated that American Beauty is the most suitable cultivar for coastal zone of Karnataka.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55293
Title: Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on root growth parameters of bitter gourd (Mamordica charantia)
Author: K S Naveen Kumar, P G Sadhan Kumar, K H Nataraja, S Kavitha and Y C Vishwanath
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Rhizobacteria, root growth, bitter gourd
Abstract: A field study was conducted to determine the effect of plant growth promoting rehizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, flowering and yield attributes of bitter gourd (Mamordica charantia). Four PGPR strains (Azospirillum, Phosphorous solubilising bacteria, Pseudomonas flourescens & Bacillus subtilis), one commercial organic product (Aishwarya) and non inoculated control were used. The study revealed that plants treated with double application of Azospirillum (T3) were statistically superior to all other treatments with a maximum tap root length (23.6 cm) and secondary root length (39.9 cm). There was no increase of 50.8%in tap root length and 97.6% in secondary root length over control. With respect to the dry root weigth one time application of Bacillus subtilis suspension (108 cfu/ml) (T8) was found to be superior with a root weight of 4.64 g followed by Azospirillum application (T3) which recorded 4.54 g.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55292
Title: Biological monitoring of environmental and occupational exposure of human beings to trace elements
Author: G Nagaraj and A Sukumar
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Trace elements, biomonitoring, human exposures
Abstract: Trace elements were anlaysed extensively as single or together in the number of samples as blood, hair, nail, tooth, milk, sweat, skin, liver, etc. In human population the elemental exposures are monitored in children, aged, men, women, industrial workers, patients, historical subjects from cementry and normal subjects. In such subjects the element exposures are studied for the past and present, environmental and occupational, chronic and acute, deficient and toxic, micro and macro status. The exposure status is reported for the elements of different categories around 80 elements among the total 117. Such Biomonitoring of human exposure to elements has bene widely practiced in most of the research areas of multiple purpose; for example, 1. baseline value, 2. health implication, 3. urban rural gradients and 4 natural, man made and occupational exposures.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55291
Title: A Dutch multi-date land use database: Identification of real and methodological changes
Author: Gerard W Hazeu, Arnold K Bregt, Allard J W de Wit, Jan G P W Clevers
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Land cover, land use, land use changes, monitoring, Dutch land use database (LGN6), accuracy
Abstract: Land cover and land use are important information sources for environmental issues. One of the most important changes at the Earth ' s concerns land cover and land use. Knowledge about the location and type of these changes in essential for environmental modeling and management. Remote sensing data is combination with additional spatial data area recognized as an important source of information to detect these land cover and land use changes.
In this paper, we introduce the Dutch multi-date land use database (LGN). Today there are six versions of the LGN database (LGN1-LGN6) based on satellite imagery of respectively 1986, 1992/1994, 1995/1997, 1999/2000, 2003/2004 and 2007/2008. With the completion of LGN6 a time-series of land use databases covering 20 years became available. The different databases were produced according to different methodologies. The resulting inconsistencies for monitoring land use changes and possible solutions are the main themes of this paper.
Emerging user requirements, increased data availability and technical improvments lead to methodological differences between the LGN5 and LGN6 Dutch land use database. Monitoring of land use changes by integrating independent spatial datasets results in a mixture of real and methodological changes. A methodology is applied to detect real land use changes for a limited number of land use monitoring classes. The detected real changes have a high probability (almost 95%) that they area real changes. Next to these real changes, differences exist between LGN5 and LGN6, i.e, so-called methodological land use changes, being the result of methodolgical adaptations over time.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55290
Title: Remote sensing of soybean stress as an indicator of chemical concentration of biosolid amended surface soils
Author: B B Maruthi Sridhar, Robert K Vincent, Sheila J Roberts, Kevin Czajkowski
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Biosolid, Soybean, Landsat, spectral reflectance, heavy metal
Abstract: The accumulation of heavy metals in the biosolid amended soils and the risk of their uptake into different plant parts is a topic of great concern. This study examines the accumulation of several heavy metals and nutrients in soybeans grown on biosolid applied soils and the use of remote sensing to monitor the metal uptake and plant stress. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted with soybean grown on soils applied with biosolids at varying rates. The plant growth was monitored using Landsat TM imagery and handheld spectroradiometer in field and greenhouse studies, respectively. Soil and plant samples were collected and then analyzed for several elemental concentrations. The chemical concentrations in soils and roots increased significantly with increase in applied biosolid concentrations. Copper (Cu) and Molybdenum (Mo) accumulated significantly in the shoots of the metal -treated plants. Our spectral and Landsat TM image analysis revealed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can be used to distinguish the metal stressed plants. The NDVI showed significant negative correlation with increase in soil Cu concentrations followed by other elements. This study suggests the use of remote sensing to monitor soybean stress patterns and thus indirectly assess soil chemical characteristics.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55289
Title: Empirical test of the spectral invariants theory using imaging spectroscopy data from a coniferous forest
Author: Petr Lukes, Miina Rautiainen, Pauline Stenberg, Zbynek malenovsky
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Recollision probability, Escape factor, Needle albedo, CHRIS PROBA, AISA
Abstract: The spectral invariants theory presents an alternative approach for modeling canopy scattering in remote sensing applications. The theory is particularly appealing in the case of coniferous forests, which typically display grouped structures and require computationally intensive calculation to account for the geometric arrangement of their canopies. However, the validity of the spectral invariants theory should be tested with empirical data sets from different vegetation types. In this paper, we evaluate a method to retrieve two canopy spectral invariants, the recollision probability and the escape factor, for a coniferous forest using imaging spectroscopy data from multiangular CHRIS PROBA and NADIR -view AISA Eagle sensors. Our results indicated that in coniferous canopies the spectral invariants theory performs well in the near infrared spectral range. In the visibile range, on the other hand, the spectral invariants theory may not be useful. Secondly, our study suggested that retrieval of the escape factor could be used as a new method to describe the BRDF of a canopy.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55288
Title: Efficient collection of training data for sub-pixel land cover classification using neural networks
Author: Stien Heremans, Bert Bossyns, Herman Eerens, Jos Van Orshoven
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Neural networks, Crop area estimation, Training data, sampling
Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a popular class of techniques for performing soft classifications of satellite images. They have successfully been applied for estimating crop areas through sub-pixel classification of medium to low resolution images. Before a network can be used for classification and estimation, however, it has to be trained. The collection of the reference area fractions needed to train an ANN is often both time-consuming and expensive. This study focuses on strategies for decreasing the efforts needed to collect necessary reference data, without compromising the accuracy of the resulting area estimates. Two aspects were studied: the spatial sampling scheme (i) and the possiibltiy for reusing trained networks in multiple consecutive seasons (ii) Belgium was chosen as the study area because of the vast amount of reference data available. Time series of monthly NDVI composites for both SPOT-VGT and MODIS were used as the network inputs. The results showed that accurate regional crop area estimation (R2>80%) is possible using only 1% of the entire area for network training, provided that the training samples used are representative for the land use variability present in the study area. Limiting the training samples to a specific subset of the population, either geographically or thematically, significantly decreased the accuracy of the estimates. The results also indicate that the use of ANNs trained with data from one season to estimate area fractions in another season is not to be recommended. The interannual variability observed in the endmembers ' spectral signatures underlines the importance of using up-to-date training samples. It can thus be concluded that the representativeness of the training samples, both regarding the spatial and the temporal aspects, is an important issue in crop area estimation using ANNs that should not easily be ignored.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55287
Title: Multi-level filtering segmentation to measure individual tree parameters based on Lidar data: Application to a mountainous forest with heterogeneous stands
Author: Cedric Vega, Sylvie Durrieu
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Lidar, Airborne laser scanning, Mountainous forests, tree extraction, canopy surface model
Abstract: This paper presents a method for individual tree crown extraction and characterisation from a canopy surface model (CSM). The method is based on a conventional algorithm used for localising LM on a smoothed version of the CSM and subsequently for modelling the tree crowns around each maximum at the plot level. The novelty of the approach lies in the introduction of controls on both the degree of CSM filtering and the shape of elliptic crowns. In addition ot a multi-filtering level crown fusion approach to balance omission and commission errors. The algorithm derives the total tree height and the mean crown diameter from the elliptic tree crowns generated. The method was tested and validated on a mountainous forested area mainly covered by mature and even-aged black pine (Pinus nigra ssp. nigra [Arn]) stands. Mean stem detection per plot, using this method, was 73.97%. Algorithm performance was affected slightly by both stand density and heterogeneity (i.e. tree diameter classes ' distribution ). The total tree height and the mean crown diameter were estimated with root mean squared error values of 1.83 m and 1.48 m respectively. Tree heights were slightly underestimated in flat areas and overestimted on slopes. The average crown diameter was underestimated by 17.46% on average.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55286
Title: Terrestrial laser scanning to estimate plot-level forest canopy fuel properties
Author: Mariano Garcia, F Mark Danson, David Riano, Emilio Chuvieco, F Alberto Ramirez, Vishal Bandugula
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Terrestrial LiDAR, canopy fuels, fuel strata gap, canopy base height, canopy height, canopy cover
Abstract: This paper evaluates the potential of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to characterize forest canopy fuel characteristics at plot level. Several canopy properties, namely canopy height, canopy cover, canopy base height and fuel strata gap were estimated. Different approaches were tested to avoid the effect of canopy shadowing on canopy height estimation caused by deployment of the TLS below the canopy. Estimation of canopy height using a grid approach provided a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.81 and an RMSE of 2.47 m. A similar RMSE was obtained using the 99th percentile of the height distribution of the highest points, representing the 1% of the data, although the coefficient of determination was lower (R2 = 0.70). Canopy cover (CC ) was estimated as a function of the occupied cells of a grid superimposed upon the TLS point clouds. It was found that CC estimates were dependent on the cell size selected, with 3 cm being the opitmum resolution for this study. The effect of teh zenith view angle on CC estimates was also analyzed. A simple method was developed to estimate canopy base height from the vegetation vertical profiles derived from an occupied/non-occupied voxels approach. Canopy base height was estimated with an RMSE of 3.09 m and an R2 = 0.86. Terrestrial laser scanning also provides a unique opportunity to estimate the fuel strata gap (FSG), which has not been previously derived from remotely sensed data. The FSG was also derived from the vegetation vertical profile with an RMSE of 1.53 m and an R2 = 0.87.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55285
Title: Estimating soil erosion using MODIS and TM images based on support vector machine and a trous wavelet
Author: S H Chen, H B Su, J Tian, R H Zhang, J Xia
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: TM, MODIS, Support vector machine, A trous wavelet transform, soil erosion
Abstract: To date, there is little work concering the application of fusing images with significantly different spectral and spatial resolutions. In this paper, a novel method based on support vector machien (SVM) is proposed to quickly estimate soil erosion using the fused results produced from fusing such multisensor images by a trous wavelet transform (AWT). In the proposed method, the AWT is used to derive the high-resolution vegetation coverage image (HVCI) while the SVM overlays the HVCI and the slope image to derive the soil erosion map. By taking MODIS and TM images as an example, the potential of the proposed method is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that it is feasible to perform the fusion of MODIS and TM images and the soil erosion map produced from the fused images by the proposed method can be achieved with an accuracy level comparable to that solely form the TM images. The merging of MODIS and TM images partly solves the constrians associated with the TM data availability which is caused by the lower revisit frequency and narrower spatial coverage.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55284
Title: Land cover mapping at Alkali flat and lake Lucero, White Sands, New Mexico, USA using multi-temporal and multi- spectral remote sensing data
Author: Habes A Ghrefat, Philip C Goodell
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Spectral mixute analysis, Landcover, mapping, principal components, minimum-noise fraction, multi-dimensional data processing
Abstract: The goal of this research is to map land cover patterns and to detect changes that occurred at Alkali Flat and Lake Lucero, White Sands using multispectral Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Advanced Land Imager (ALI), and hyperspectral Hyperion and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. The other objectives of this study were : (1) to evaluate the information dimensionality limits of Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER, ALI, Hyperion, and AVIRIS data with respect to signal -to-noise and spectral resolution, (2) to determine the spatial distribution and fractional abundances of land cover endmembers, and (3) to check ground correspondence with satellite data. A better understanding of the spatial and spectral resolution of these sensors, optimum spectral bands and their information contents, appropriate image processing methods, spectral singatures of land cover classes, and atmposheric effects are needed to our ability to detect and map minerals from space. Image spectra were validated using samples collected from various localities across Alkali Flat and Lake Lucero. These samples were measured in the laboratory using VNIR-SWIR (0.4-2.5 micro m) spectra and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. Dry gypsum deposits, wet gypsum deposits, wet gypsum deposits, standing water, green vegetation, and clastic alluvial sediments dominated by mixtures of ferric iron (ferricrete) and calcite were identified in the study area using Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), Pixel Purity Index (PPI), and n-D Visualization. The results of MNF confirm that AVIRIS and Hyperion data have higher information dimensionality thresholds exceeding the number of available bands of Landsat 7 ETM+, ASTER and ALI data. ASTER and ALI data can be a resonable alternative to AVIRIS and Hyperion data for the purpose of monitoring land cover, hydrology and sedimentation in the basin. The spectral unmixing analysis and dimensionality eigen analysis between the various datasets helped to uncover the most optimum spatial-spectral-temporal and radiometric -resolution sensor characteristics for remote sensing based on monitoring of seasonal land cover, surface water, groundwater, adn alluvial sediment input changes within the basin. The results demonstrated good agreement between groudn truth data and XRD analysis of samples, and the results of Matched Filtering (MF) mapping method.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55283
Title: Separating near surface thermal inertia signals from a thermal time series by standardized principal component analysis
Author: A Soliman, R Brown, R J Heck
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 13, Issue 4, August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Thermal remote sensing, Land surface temperature, thermal inertia, Principal component analysis, Temporal resolution
Abstract: Principal component analysis has been applied to remote sensing data to identify spatiotemporal patterns in a time series of images. Thermal inertia is a surface property that relates well to shallow surface thermal and physical properties. Mapping thermal inertia requires quantifying surface energy balance components and soil heat flux, both of which are difficult to measure remotely. This article describes a method to map soil thermal inertia using principal component analysis applied to a time series of thermal infrared images and it also assesses how sensitive this method is to the time intervals between images. Standardized principal component analysis (SPCA) was applied to thermal infrared images captured at half-hour intervals during a complete diurnal cycle. Shallow surface thermal properties accounted for 45%, 82% and 66% of the spatiotemporal variation in surface temperature observed during the heating phase, cooling phase and over the total diurnal cycle respectively. The remaining 55%, 18% and 34% of the variatoin was attributed to transient effects such as shadows, surface roughness and background noise. Signals related to thermal inertia explained 18% of total variation observed in a complete diurnal cycle and 7% of variation in the cooling series. The SPCA method was found useful to separate critical information such as timing and amplitude of maximum surface temperature variation from delays related to differential heating induced by micro-topography. For the field conditions experienced in this study, decreased temporal resolution when sampling intervals were greater than an hour significantly reduced the quantity of results.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None