ID: 55327
Title: Converting local spectral and spatial information from a priori classifiers into contextual knowledge for impervious surface classification
Author: Li Luo, Giorgos Mountrakis
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 66, Issue 5, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Contextual classification, Hybrid classifiers, impervious surfaces, Landsat ETM+, partial classification
Abstract: A classification model was demonstrated that explored spectral and spatial contextual information from previously classified neighbors to improve classification of remaining unclassified pixels. The classification was composed by two major steps, the priori and the posteriori classifications. The a priori algorithm classified the less difficult image portion. The a posteriori classifier operated on the more challenging image parts and strived to enhance accuracy by converting classified information from the a priori process into specific knowledge. The novelty of this work relies on the substitution of image-wide information with local spectral representations and spatial correlations, in essence classifying each pixel using exclusively neighboring behavior. Furthermore, the a posteriori classifier is a simple and intuitive algorithm, adjusted to perform in a localized setting for the task requirements. A 2001 and a 2006 Landsat scene from Central new York were used to assess the performance on a imprevious classification task. The proposed method was compared with a back propagation neural network. Kappa statistic values in the corresponding applicable datasets increased from 18.67 to 24.05 for teh 2006 scene, and from 22.92 to 35. 76 for the 2001 scene classifciation, mostly correcting misclassifications between impervious and soil pixels. This finding suggests that simple classifiers have the ability to surpass complex classifiers through incorporation of partial resutls and an elegant multi-porcess frame work .
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55326
Title: Detection of gullies in roughly textured terrain using airborne laser scanning data
Author: Amit Baruch, Sagi Filin
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 66, Issue 5, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: LiDAR, Detection, gullies, airborne laser scanning, morphology
Abstract: Airborne laser scanning data contain information about surface features, some of which are of subtle form. These features are usually embedded within the terrain, and rarely form distinct shape-transition to their surroundings. While some efforts have been made in extracting linear elements from laser scanning data, attention was mostly turned to dominant elements that are very clear and distinct. We present in this paper a detection model for gullies of various dimensions using airborne laser scanning data. Gullies are regarded as one of the main landform-reshaping agents, having a pejorative effect on the environment and on regional development. They are commonly observed along receding lakes as a common response to water-level drop. The paper demonstrates how a multi-scale approach enables the extraction of various gully forms, from well developed to subtle. It then porposes an optimization driven model fro handling fragmentation in the detection. Results show that using the proposed model, gully networks can be reconstructed and ~ 30 cm deep features can be identified and separated from their surroundings using moderate point density data.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55325
Title: Pre-processing of a sample of multi-scene and multi-date Landsat imagery used to monitor forest cover changes over the tropics
Author: Catherine Bodart, Hugh Eva, Rene Beuchle, Rastislav Rasi, Dario Simonetti, Hans-Jurgen Stibig, Andreas Brink, Erik Lindquist, Frederic Achard
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 66, Issue 5, September 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Forestry, calibration, matching, Landsat, global
Abstract: In support to the Remote Sensing Survey of the global Forest Resource Assessment 2010, the TREES-3 project has processed more than 12,000 Landsat TM and ETM+ data subsets systematically distributed over the tropics. The project aims at deriving area estimates of tropical forest cover change for the periods 1990-2000-2005. The paper presents the pre-processing steps applied in an operational and robust manner to this large amount of multi-date and multi-scene imagery: conversion to top-of-atmosphere reflectance, cloud and cloud shadow detection, haze correction and image radiometric normalization. The results show that the haze correction algorithm has improved the visual appearance of the image and significantly corrected the digital numbers for Landsat visible bands, especially the red band. The impact of the normalization procedures (forest normalization and relative normalization) was assessed on 210 image pairs: in all cases the correlation between the spectral values of the same land cover in both images was improved. The developed automatic pre-processing chain provided a consistent multi-temporal data set across the tropics that wil constitute the basis for an automatic object-based supervised classification.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55324
Title: An aeromycological survey over Bhendi field
Author: M C Rajalakshmi, S Dhanam and P Shakila
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: bhendi field, fungal spores, pathogens
Abstract: An extra mural survey of air borne microbial components was conducted over the bhendi field (Abelmochus esculentus L. var SB -13) at Peravurani, Thanjavur District from September 2002 to January 2003. Over a period of six months survey, total number of fungal spores encountered were 15 belonging to Phycomycetes. Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. The major species were Aspergillus fumigates, A niger, A oryzae, Cladosporium sp. and Penicillium sp. The airborne spores of Cercospora personata, Cercosporidium sp., Puccinia sp and Alternaria sp were found to be pathogenic causing huge losses to the Abelmoschus esuclentus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55323
Title: Effect of treatments on recovery and dehydration ratio of dried fig fruits
Author: Kirankumar Upale, R C Patil, A K Kamble, N B Raut and Laxman Kuknoor
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Fig, recovery, dehydration
Abstract: The highest recovery (27.1%) and the lowest dehydration ration (3.7) were observed in the fruits blanched in two percent K2CO3 and the lowest recovery (24.2%) and the highest dehydration ratio (4.1) were observed in fruits blanched in two percent citric acid for four minutes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55322
Title: Influence of pH on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger under solid state fermentation using rice chaff and sesamum oil cake as substrates
Author: S M Gopinath, E T Puttaiah and B K Chikkaswamy
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Sesamum oil cake, Rice chaff, optimum pH, fermentation, citric acid
Abstract: The study is concerned with the lifetime of pH on citric acid production by ETGP 12 adn ETGP 18 strains of Aspergillus niger along with A niger ATCC9142 as control. Flasks contianing 40 g of substrate (rice chaff and sesamum oil cake) were mixed with acid/alkali moistening solution to obtian required pH. The pH was adjusted in the range of 106 with increments of 0.5 mainly to determine the optimum pH at which these two strains produced maximum yield. Results showed that maximum citric acid production of 90.0 g/kg and 93.5 g/kg respectively was observed at the pH of 4.5 and at 72 hr of fermentation period in sesamum oil cake and rice chaff.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55321
Title: Fish diversity of lower cauvery anicut at Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu
Author: P Nambirajan and G Ravikumar
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Fish diversty, Cauvery river, conservation, distribution
Abstract: Thirty eight fish species belonging to 12 families were collected from Lower Anicut (reservoir) at Cauvery river, in Thanjavur biodiversity hotspot in Tamil Nadu. Among the families Cyprinidae were the most dominant group represented by 21 species beloning to 7 genera, followed by the catfish family Bagridae (4 species from 1 genus), followed by family Cichlidae (2 species from 1 genus), Channidae (2 species from 1genus), Matstacemiselidae (2 species 2 genera), Cobitidae (one species), Notopteridae (one species), Belonidae (one species), Siluridae (one species), Poecilidae (one species), Chandidae (one species), Gobiidae (one species) and Anabantidae (one species), identification abundance and status of fish species were discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55320
Title: Sustainable utilization of chicken waste
Author: S Soosairaj and K Karthik
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Chicken waste, vigna mungo, nutrients
Abstract: Chicken feathers composite of cow dung, dried leaves, colon, feathers etc; were analysed after 90 days of various macro and micro nutrient contents. All the macronutrients and micronutrients were found to be more in chicken composite and the maximum value was observed in feathers composed with dried leaves (nitrogen 0.118 g/kg, phosphorus 0.0065 g/kg. potassium 0.126 g/kg, zinc 1.3 ppm, copper 1.3 ppm, iron 12.5 ppm). Vigna mungo (Black gram) was cultivated in composites of feathers with colons, dried leaves, cow dung and feathers alone. The maximum height (34 cm in 30days) and leaf area (34.6 cm2) was observed in plants grown in composite of feathers mixed with colons followed by feathers mixed with cow dung (23 cm2). The biochemical analysis showed that the total chlorophyll content of Vigna mungo was more in plants that are grown in composite of feathers with cow dung followed by feathers mixed with colons. The amino acids are protein content were found to be significantly high in plants grown in composite of feathers with dried leaves. This study provokes an urgent need to utilize these waters.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55319
Title: Efficiency of different extraction methods for the macro-fauna of household biocompost
Author: Gayatri R Gujarathi and Madhuri K Pejaver
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Household biocompost, Macro-fauna, Extraction methods
Abstract: The household biocompost provides food and shelter to many micro and macro organisms. Among these, macro-fauna of the compost acts conspicuously but is not given much attention, besides work on earthworms. To study the role of macro fauna, one has to extract it from compost. However, at present there are no standard methods available for the extraction of this compost macro-fauna. Hence, the methods used for extraction of soil organisms were modified and used in this study. The study revealed that among all the methods, the hand sorting method, though tedious, extracted majority of organisms (69.2%) compared to direct microscopic observations, Ladell ' s modified method (1936) and Salt and Hollick method (1944).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55318
Title: Effect of copper sulphate on mucosubstances in the freshwater snail Bellamya bengalensis
Author: N A Kamble and S B Kamble
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Mucosubstances, hepatopancreas, copper sulphate, Bellamya bengalensis
Abstract: Effect of copper sulphate on hepatopancreas of freshwater snail Bellamy bengalensis has been studied for altered histochemical changes due to pre-determined LC50 value of 0.56 ppm for different exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Depletion of neutral mucosubstances and enhanced acidic mucosubstances was noted in various hepatopancreatic cells. The toxic metallic compounds altered the cellular chemical constituents of organic and inorganic moiety. Stressed digestive mechanism was found because of metallic accumulation in the cell.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55317
Title: Isolation and screening of protease enzyme producing halophiles from different samples
Author: Nisha S Panicker and S S Sudha
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Halophilic, Saltern, protease, screening
Abstract: Halophilic microorganisms were isolated from samples like saltern soil, sea soil, and salted fish collected from Tuticorin, Chennai and Coimbatore respectively. The isolates were studied for their Gram reaction and colony morphology. Among 9 isolates, 4 isolates showed positive result for protease enzyme production. Halophilic proteases have wide application in processing of food, leather and detergents.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55316
Title: Antimicrobial activity of selected actinomycetes from soil samples
Author: N Vijayalakshmi and S S Sudha
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Soil samples, actinomycetes, antimicrobial activity, screening, antibiotics
Abstract: This work reporting isolation and identification of high antimicrobial acivity producing actinomycetes strains from soil, against the common human pathogens like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans, Actinomycetes strains were isolated from 18 different soil samples of Palakkad and Coimbatore. Out of 65 isolated actinomycetes species, 26 of them showed antagonistic activity against Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and yeast. Of these 15 isolates were found to exhibit antimicrobial activity in secondary screening. According to antimicrobial activity and spectrum of broadness, 3 of the isolates were selected and characterized by colony morphology, cover slip culture technique and Grams reaction. Hence, the results indicate that the study on these actinomycetes can be useful in the development of new substance for pharmaceutical purpose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55315
Title: Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on biometric characteristics of bitter gourd fruits (Mamordica charantia)
Author: K S Naveen Kumar, P G Sadhan Kumar, S Kavitha, Y C Vishwanath and K H Nataraja
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: PGPR, PSB, biometric characters, bitter gourd
Abstract: A field study was conducted to determine the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth, flowering and yield attributes of bitter gourd. Four PGPR strains (Azospirillum, Phosphorous solubilising bacteria (Pseudomonas flourescens and Bacillus subtilis), one commercial organic product (Aishwarya) and non inoculated control were used. The study revealed that plants treated with double application of Azospirillum (T3) were statistically superior to all other treatments with a maximum tap root length (23.6 cm) and secondary root length (39.9 cm). There was an increase of 50.8% in tap root length and 97.6% in secondary root length over control. With respect to the dry root weight, one time application of Bacillus subtilis suspension (108 cfu/ml) (T8) was found to be superior with a root weight of 4.64 g followed by Azospirillum application (T3) which recorded 4.54 g.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55314
Title: Effect of heavy metal mercury on histopathological alterations in selected organs of the freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus
Author: A Mary Josephine Rani
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Mercury, Clarias batrachus, Histopathology
Abstract: The tissue architecture were studied in gills, liver, kidney, muscle and brain of Clarias batrachus after 28 days of exposure to mercury. Histopathological observation in gill showed degeneration in the middle and distal regions of the primary lamellae, remarkable disappearance of lipid vacuoles was noticed in liver, severe necroses of renal tissue were observed in kidney, broken fibre, thickened septal wall and granular degeneration were detected in muscle and the nissel granules in brain became small and eventually disappeared, atrophy and loss of pigmentation were noticed. This study explored the capability of mercury, an environmental pollutant to induce histophathological changes of aquatic organisms.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55313
Title: Anti dermatophytic activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaves-an In vitro study
Author: Radhika Jevanand, A Michael and H R Jevanand
Editor: Prof Dr. S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 3 & 4, May & June 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental Biology, Toxicology and Inter Relations
Keywords: Antidermatophytic activity, leaves, Azadiracta indica
Abstract: Anti dermatophytic activity of the ethanol, ethylacetate and hexane extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves was investigated against thirty isolates of dermatophytes by tube dilution technique. The isolates included Trichophyton mentagrophytes (12), Trichophyton rubrum (12), Microsporum canis (4), and Epidermophyton floccosum (2). Of the three extracts used, the ethanolic extract was found to be more active inhibiting 100% of the isolates at a concentration of 125 micro g/ml.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None