ID: 55642
Title: Degradation studies on paper and pulp mill effluents using Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Author: V Saritha, Y Avasn Maruthi, K Mukkanti, Abhilasha Namdeo and Anusha Dakey
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Biodegradation, P. chrsosporium, Lignin, Phenol
Abstract: The decolorizing and degadation ability of the fungus P. chrsosporium was tested under two dilutions. The CO2 release has increased gradually owing to the degradation; it showed maximum on the 15th day. The fungus has shown 65 and 62% BOD reduction in treatments 1&2 respectively. Cellulose degradation was observed to be maximum in treatement 2 (61.9%). Phenol degradation was observed to be maximum in treatment 2 (76.6%). It can be concluded that the fungus showed equal efficiency in both treatments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55641
Title: Impact of different organic and bio-fertilizers on seedlings growth at nursery stage
Author: Ch Bhavannarayana, K Sarala and V Saritha
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Biofertilizers, Phyllanthus emblica, Seyzigium cuminii, Rauwolfia serpentina
Abstract: An experiment was conducted at Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India to study the effect of bio-fertilizers on the growth of the seedlings in nursery stage. The results show the growth has been found to be increased. Among all the applied biofertilizers, vermicompost has shown the best result as growth in the plants and Phyllanthus emblica had shown the best growth result with all the treatments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55640
Title: Antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica leaves on Salmonella typhi
Author: P Selvamaleeswaran, T Prema Kumar, M Sureshkumar, E G Wesely and N Selvan
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Azadirachta indica, Salmonella typhi
Abstract: In the present investigation the evalution of antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica has been evaluated against gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi using disc diffusion method. Bioassays for antibacterial activity were carried out using leaves of Azadirachta indica plant. Crude Chloroform, Acetone, Petroleum ether, Iso proponal and Benzene extracts from leaves of Azadirachta indica and tested against gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi. Both the five extracts showed considerable activity against the test organism while benzene extracts fo leaves exhibited a superior level of antibacterial activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55639
Title: Impact of climatic change on microbial population of Tamirabarani river
Author: P Dhasarathan, M A Haniffa, K Geetha and V Dhanushkodi
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Microbial population, aquatic pollution, generic composition and extra celluar activity
Abstract: Climatic changes influence the microbial population of Tamirabarni water when samples were studied. Bacterial population in river water collected during showed a low population during summer (50%) compared to other seasons. From the population, bacterial genera such as Bacillus (two fold), Pseudomonas (60%) and Flavobacterium (50%) were comparatively more in sampel collected during summer. Gram-positive cocci (50%) microorganisms were reduced greatly in samples due to temperature influence. In rainy seasons, extra celluar enzyme activities of bacterial strains isolated from water sample showed predominance in amylolytic (100%), lipolytic (91.6%), caseinolytic (89.5%) and gelatinolytic (66.6%). During summer, the activation of isolated bacterial strains fo amylolytic and caseinolytic were reduced 50% remarkably. In the present investigation, attempts were made to findout whether the changes in the microbial population in water sample due to climatic/temperature influence could be used as bacteriological indicators of aquatic/thermal pollution?
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55638
Title: Effect of denaturants on the structure and activity of DDT-dehydrochlorinase
Author: R Latha, I M Mandappa, M S Thakur and H K Manonmani
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: DDT-dehydrochlorinase, denaturants, urea, sodium dodecyl sulphate, Guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme activity
Abstract: Urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and guanidine hydrochloride (GdmCl) are often used as excellent denaturing or "unfolding" agents. We studied the effect of these denaturing agents on the structural changes of DDT-enzyme of Pseudomonas putida T5. There was a progressive loss in catalytic activity of DDT-dehydrochlorinase with increasing concentrations of denaturants, namely urea, SDS and GdmCl. At 10 M urea, 5% SDS and 1M GdmCl, the extent of loss in enzyme activity was 98, 78 and 100% respectively. The emission spectrum of urea denatured enzyme did not show shift, but that of SDS and GdmCl treated enzyme showed very marginal shift. The secondary structure analysis of the enzyme by CD spectrum suggested a predominance of beta-structure in the untreated enzyme. Urea denatured enzyme revealed complete loss of ? -helix and there was substantial reduction in beta sheets. SDS treated enzyme showed increase in ? -helix, turns and random structure. However, there was a marginal loss in beta sheets. GdmCl treated enzyme showed complete absence of ? -helix compared to the control enzyme. The beta-sheets were also reduced and the number of turns increased. The effects of GdmCl were almost similar to that of urea as observed in CD spectrum. The urea polyacrylamide gel showed only one band whereas SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed closely moving two bands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55637
Title: A case study on dental fluorosis in Uthangarai taluk, Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: S Malar, S Karuppannan, M Krishnaveni and S Venkateswaran
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Dental Fluorosis, fluoride, school children, Uthangarai
Abstract: India has increased incidence of fluorosis especially Dental and Skeletal. Overall some 62 million people are at risk. Oral health investigation for students of classes V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X were conducted in Government schools of selected villages in Uthangarai Taluk. Students tooth were characterized like chalked for discoloration, blackness, softened and chalky white appearance. Hence remediation is necessary to some extent to alleviate the side effects. The percentage of students affected with dental fluorosis was found to be 51.11% in Thiruvanapatti and 85.34% in Nochipatti. Fluorosis affecting 67.37% of students depicts the present scenario of high fluoride level in drinking water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55636
Title: Biotechnological advances and its applications
Author: Sadaf Ahmad and Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Food biotechnology, enzymes, fermentation
Abstract: Biotechnology includes a wide range of diverse technologies and they may be applied in each of the different food and agriculture sectors. It includes technologies such as gene modification (manipulation) and transfer; the use of molecular markers; development of recombinant vaccines and DNA -based methods of disease characterisation /diagnosis; in-vitro vegetative propagation of plants; embryo transfer and other reproductive technologies in animals. These techniques are effectively used to process the raw food materials produced by the crop, fishery and livestock sectors. In the food processing sector, biotechnology targets the selection and improvement of microorganisms with the objectives of improving process control, yields and efficiency as well as the quality, nutritional value, safety and consistency of bio-processed products. It also offers many ways to improve the natural flavours and colours; new production aids, such as enzymes and emulsifiers; improved starter cultures; more waste treatment options; ' greener ' manufacturing processes; more options for assessing food safety during the process; and even biodegradable plastic wrap that kills bacteria. This paper discusses the present and future applications of biotechnology which will continue to affect the food industry by providing new products, lowering costs and improving the microbial processes on which food producers have long relied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55635
Title: Enhanced growth of Andrographis paniculata in presence of vam fungi and soil amended with vermicompost
Author: C Nirmala and T Vijaya
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrizae, vermicompost, andrographis paniculata
Abstract: The present investigation thus, indicates possibility of increasing biomass production through inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculum in soil amended with vermicompost. Based on the results obtained in the present study the amendment of vermicompost to the potting media and inoculation of VAM is recommended for the cultivation of A. paniculata to meet the pharmaceutical demand.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55634
Title: Phytoremediation of synthetic textile dyes
Author: S Anjana and V Salom Gnana Thanga
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Phytoremediation, Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp, Pistia sp., textile dye effluent
Abstract: Synthetic dyes such as direct congo red, direct dark blue 6B, direct black H/Y concentrate and textile effluent were treated with Eichhornia sp., Salvinia sp. and Pistia sp. for a period of 12 days. The parameters of investigated initial and final dye concentration, pH, conductivity, BOD, COD and TDS and plant characteristics such as protein content, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content. Maximum decolourisation of the dyes was shown by Eichhornia sp. followed by Salvinia sp. and Pistia sp.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55633
Title: Antagonistic activity of siderophores produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri (EGB3) isolated from the gut of Eisenia foetida
Author: N D Prasanna, K Vijayalakshmi, G. Revathi, K Pavan Jyotsana, S K Shaheen and P Devika
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Pseudomonas stutzeri, Siderophore, Antibiotics, Eisenia foetida
Abstract: Pseudomonas stutzeri was isolated from earthworm (Eisenia foetida) gut found to produce extracellular siderophores when grown in succinic acid medium under iron deficiency. The siderophores were found to be pyocheling type. These siderophores were antagonistic to plant pathogenic fungi like Fusarium, oxysporum, F. solani, F. moniliformae, F. udum, Macrophomena phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum capsicii, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55632
Title: Microbial, degradation of dyes from textile industry, Thirupur town, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: N Mathiyazhagani, G Manikandan and D Natarajan
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Textile effluent, microbial degradation, dyes, decolourization
Abstract: Textile effluents containig dyes, which are usually discharged into aquatic ecosystems with or without processing will pollute the environment. Improper disposal methods and inadequate control of toxic and effluents from different industries have made the water resources unfit for drinking or for other domestic purposes. The use of bioremediation technique is a less expensive and attractive alternate to physicochemical means of managing the ecosystems. Microorganisms found in the natural habitat constantly exposed to the dyes can be exploited to achieve biological decolourization. The decolourization of textile effluents and dyes (namely Direct Brilliant Violet and Direct Greenish Blue) were carried out using Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma virie and Aspergillus niger. Decolourization percentage and dye bound to the mycelium were calculated by measuring the absorbance using Spectronic-20. The growth was measured by calculating the biomass. The known concentration of dyes (0.0025%) was observed to be effective in decolourization. The textile effluents was decolourized effectively when inoculated with pregrown mycelium of Aspergillus niger. The overall results highlight of three fungal isolates, the Aspergillus niger effectively decolourized 90% of dyes at a concentration of 0.0025%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55631
Title: Pathomorphological studies of small intestine in experimental broilers during aflatoxicosis
Author: D Srinivasa Rao and V V Vardhani
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Pathomorphology, small intestine, broilers, aflatoxin B1
Abstract: In the present study, two week (220-230 gm. wt) old broilers were used to investigate the influence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on pathomorphology of small intestine. Two experimental groups were treated with AFB1-A (0.25 ng/bird) and B (0.5 ng/bird). Another control group (C) was used in the present study. Controls and experimental animals were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 8 and 11 of experimetnal period and pieces of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected, processed, sectioned (5 to 6?) and stained by H & E method for histopathological study. Marked pathological changes were observed in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of treated animals from day 1 to 11 of experimental period.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55630
Title: Determination of blood ethanol in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters): Studies using gas chromatoghraphy
Author: Smitha V Bhanu and Babu Philip
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Oreochromis mossambicus, blood ethanol, gas chromatography, ANOVA
Abstract: The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of ethanol in the blood samples of O. mossamicus using external calibration method. The method involves direct injection of the blood sample under splitless mode into the gas chromatograph, without any pretreatment. Any sort of contamination of the gas chromatographic column was prevented by using glass liner in the injector. This liner, which acted as a precolumn, was partly filled with small glass beads. Injection was performed in between the glass beads. This injection technique between the glass beads allows direct injection of the sample volumes without disturbing the gas chromatographic separation. GC-Varian CP 3800 gas chromatograph (GC-Varian CP 3800), equipped with a Flame ionization detector was employed for this. This method is considered to be rapid, accurate and sensitive.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55629
Title: Potentiality of endophytic fungi of Justicia wayanadensis as bioagent against Rhizoctonia solani
Author: A K Vinu and M Jayashankara
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Endophyte, collar tor, Antagonism, Justicia wayanadensis
Abstract: Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of Justicia wayanadensis, a medicinal shrub; indigenous to Kodagu. They are Penicillium adametzi, Geosmithia sp, Penicillium chrysogenum, Gliocladium sp, Cladosporium sp and two sterile sp. Four of the isolates which were active in growth on YEMA media were selected for the antagonistic test against Rhizoctonia solani, the most common collar not pathogen of Coffee seedlings. The isolates have shown good inhibition towards the pathogen by preventing growth against the endophyte showing clear zone. The isolate Gliocladium sp showed maximum inhibition percentage (80%) followed by Penicillium adametzi (73.3%) and P. chrysogenum (71.1%).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55628
Title: Quality assessment of drinking water produced by some food and beverage industries in Southern Nigeria
Author: P O Okolo, D E Ikumu, and H A Akinnibosun
Editor: Dr P.K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 1, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Science
Keywords: Potable water, assessment, drinking water, Southern Nigeria
Abstract: Quality assurance tests of potable water produced and packaged by major companies classified under food and beverage industries in Southern Nigeria, were carried out based on the standard parameters. These parameters are generally classified into physical, chemical and microbiological tests. Physical tests include colour, odour, taste, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved solids (DS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and others; chemical tests include alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), residual chlorine, sulphate, nitrate, cyanide ammonia, copper, lead, arsenic, zinc, and others; while microbiological tests involve coliform counts and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Results, juxtaposed against the national and international water quality standards such as WHO, EU, NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control - Nigeria) and FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency - US and Nigeria), revealed safe quality for these potable water. The results of ANOVA generally shows no significant differences in temperature, pH, conductivity, TSS, DO, chloride, nitrate, calcium, zinc, copper and sulphate, but significant differences exist in colour, TDS, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity and chemical oxygen demand among the cities investigated during the period covered.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None