ID: 55461
Title: Are industrial ecology concepts and tools suitable for developing countries ' reality? A case study of Life Cycle Assessment in Argentina
Author: Alejandro Pablo Arena
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman
Year: 2002
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 28, No 1, March 2002
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Industrial ecology, Life Cycle Assessment, environment, sustainable development, developing countries
Abstract: Industrial Ecology (IE) is a new discipline and a new paradigm about the relationship between the industrial system and the natural environment. Many IE tools and concepts with the similar holistic perspective and common scope have been developed, such as Life Cycle Assessment, Dematerialization, Design for Environment, Sustainable Product Development. However, the feasibility of their application in the reality of developing countries remains to be found out. The aim of this paper is, in general terms, to explore this feasibility, with special attention to Life Cycle Assessment, and to present a case study on the state-of-the - art of its applications and potentials, as well as its spread and use in Argentina. An electronic survey has been conducted in order to achieve this aim.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55460
Title: The industrial ecology of the automobile: a Portuguese perspective
Author: Paulo Ferrao, Isabel Reis and Jose Amaral
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman
Year: 2002
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 28, No 1, March 2002
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Industrial ecology, automobile recycling, end of life vehicles (ELV), European Union (EU), EU Directive on ELV, life cycle assessement
Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the life cycle environmental consequences of the adoption of an European Union directive on End-of-Life-Vehicles (ELV) processing, by September 2000 in Portugal. An industrial ecology (IE) approach is adopted, as the complex relationships between the main actors in the automotive industry are analysed in terms of their contribution to the environmental burdens along the life cycle. The analysis performed is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a MPV (Multi Purpose Vehicle) produced in Protugal, where the recycling targetsset in an EU Directive on ELV are modelled as end of life scenarios. The results obtained show that the implementation of this directive provides significant reduction in emission of solid waste during the life cycle. However, it is also shown that the implementation of the EU directive does not induce any benefit on the greenhouse gas emissions and on the release of heavy metals, when compared to current practices in ELV processing.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55459
Title: Eco-industrial parks and economic growth : Analysis of a case study in India
Author: Martin Z Wilderer
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman
Year: 2002
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 28, No 1, March 2002
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Developing countries. Eco-industrial development, economic development, endogenous growht theory, human capital development, India, industrial ecology, industrial estates
Abstract: The industrial estatesh concept has played an important role in the process of economic development in many Asian countries. However, due to the negative effects on the environment, the indusial estate concept is questioned on its overall benefit for development. The Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP) concept may help overcome this problem. An analysis of a case study from Indian demonstrates that EIPs may help decrease pollution and resource consumption. Furthermore, EIPs may support human capital development due to joint efforts in learning -by- doing experiences. According to the endogenous growth theory, this results in an increased potential for economic growth. However, transaction costs resulting from the necessary co-ordination in co-operative activities may erode the benefits. Thus, the EIP concept offers itself as an interesting tool for development policy, as lon gas a methodology is applied ensuring that the benefits outweigh the cost.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55458
Title: Strategies of industrial ecology and environmental management for a fast-growing urban development zone: A case study in Shanghai, China
Author: Xiangrong Wang
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman
Year: 2002
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 28, No 1, March 2002
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Industrial ecology, environmental management, ecological zoning and planning, eco-industrial park, urban development area, free trade zone Shanghai, China
Abstract: Strategies of industrial ecology and environmental management for a fast-growing urban development zone are studied in this paper by taking the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ) of China as an example. On the basis of Environmental Impact Assessment of the FTZ, five strategies of industrial ecology and environmental planning and management are put forward to promote sustainable development : (i) Ecological zoning; (2) Pollution control and design of green space system; (3) Build up of the target system of ecological construction; (4) Ecological planning and (5) GIS (Geographic Information System) database design for eco-industrial park. Some suggestions on industrial structure and environmental management strategies are also provided.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55457
Title: Industrial Ecology - an introduction
Author: Kanduri Krrishnamohan
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman
Year: 2002
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 28, No 1, March 2002
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55456
Title: Biomarker qualities of Cyphoderus javanus (Collembola) for ecotoxicity of insecticides in soil
Author: V C Joy, K Sarkar and R Pramanik
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ecotoxicity, collembola, insecticides, residual toxcity, biomarkers
Abstract: Toxic hazards of pesticides on ecologically important soil fauna are best evaluated by biomarker species. In the present microcosm study, a soil collembolan species, Cyphoderus javanus was tested for the residual toxicity of insecticides namely heptachlor 20EC, endosulfan 35EC, dichlorvos 76EC, methyl parathion 50EC and phosphamidon 85SL. This species was mass-reared in the laboratory for toxicity screening by comparison against untreated control sets. Direct toxicity (24 hours) of agricultural doses of insecticides could kill all the specimens except in phopshamidon treated soil. Short-term toxicity of sub-agricultural dilutions decreased sharply, but endosulfan and methyl parathion were toxic to Cyphoderus javanus even at 10000 times dilution. Residual toxicity was estimated at 3 days intervals by exposing fresh batches to the treated soil for 24 hours. Toxicity of phosphamidon and dichlorvos decreased sharply whereas the lethal action of methyl parathion and endosulfan existed at least up to 30 days and the toxicity of heptachlor persited beyound 90 days. Heptachlor and endosulfan at very low dilutions of the agricultural doses could significantly reduce the fecundity of Cyphoderus javanus and this sensitivity was evident even in second-generation individuals. Toxicity of heptachlor resulted in less number of moults and wide range of duration of instars in the surviving individuals of Cyphoderus javanus. Reproductive parameters like fecundity and moulting in saprotrophic micro-arthropods are potential biomarker tools for ecotoxicity of insecticides and for soil health assessment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55455
Title: Deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass C, and N - mineralization due to replacement of Sal forest with exotic species and rain - fed agriculture in East India
Author: Sovan Roy and Pran Krishna Chakrabartty
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Acacia auriculiformis, agriculture, eucalyptus, microbial activity, nutrient immobilization, Shorea forest, species replacement, forest conversion, exotic species
Abstract: Effects of conversion of natural forest dominated by Shorea robusta, supported on old alluvial soil, to exotic Eucalyptus tereticornis or Acacia auriculiformis plantation or to agricultural field for cultivation of rice, have been examined in respect of soil microbial biomass C, N and N-mineralization. Mean annual microbial C and N, respectively were 702 ?g g-1 and 85?g g-1 in the Shorea forest, 678 ?g g-1 and 89 ?g g-1 in the Acacia plantation, 627 ?g g-1 and 73 ?g g-1 in the Eucalyptus plantation and 349 ?g g-1 and 60 ?g g-1 in the cropland. Highest biomass was manifested during the summer and lowest in the rainy season in all the sites examined. Peak N-mineralization was obtained during the rainy season in the following order- the Shorea forest > the Acacia plantation > the Eucalyptus plantation > cropland. Thus, the Eucalyptus plantation appears to have lower soil microbial activity than the Shorea forest as well as the Acacia plantation. The control of microbial C and N on N-mineralization was maximum in the Shorea forest and minimum in the Eucalyptus plantation although correlation between microbial N and N-mineralization was insignificant in the Acacia plantation (may be due to localized chance fluctuations). Tendency to immobilize nutrients was maximum in the Eucalyptus plantation as evidenced by the low release of nutrients from microbial biomass during the rainy season. It was found that the Eucalyptus plantation soil was microbially more inert in terms of nutrient release from soil biomass and N-mineralization than that of the Acacia plantation as well as the natural Shorea forest. However, any type of exotic species plantation as well as agriculture have adversely and significantly affected the micro biota medicated soil fertility fabrication of the natural Shorea forest milieu.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55454
Title: Environmental pollution, sustainable growth and optimal economic policies
Author: Shuijun Peng and Mingyong Lai
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Non-renewable resources, Environmental pollution, vertical innovations, sustainable growth, optimum, equilibrium, economic policies
Abstract: Potential conflicts between econoic growth and environmental degradation are central to the sustainable development debate. In a Schumpeterian model of endogenous growth with vertical innovations, we introduce non-renewable resources which cause flow pollution problems. First, we examine the conditions under which sustainable growth is both feasible and optimal; more specifically, we perform some comparative statics exercises to analyze the effects of parameter variations arising from the economic environment on the steady-state growth rate. Then, we study the equilibria in a decentralized economy compatible with our model, and we derive the precise levels of economic policy instruments that allow the implementation of the optimum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55453
Title: The spatial dynamics and movement of Pterostichus melanarius and P madidus (Carabidae) between and within Arable fields in the UK
Author: J M Holland, M Begbie, T Birkett, S Southway, S R Thomas, C J Alexander, C F G Thomas
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Generalist predators, wheat, peas, beneficial insects, aggregation, field boundaries
Abstract: The spatial dynamics of two important generalist predators (Pterostichus melanarius and P. madidus) was investigated across six fields encompassing 64 ha of arable land. Their spatial distribution was monitored using a grid of 973 pitfall trap locations during two years. Movement and population density were estimated using mark-release-recapture across six fields in 2000 and across the three smallest fields in 2001. Both species exhibited strong aggregation itno patches but the location of these differed between the species. The location of the patches varied between years for P. madidus, which favoured pea compared to cereal crops. P. melanarius exhibited a more restricted but stable distribution within and between years. Overwintered adults of both species were associated with the field margins early in the year whereas most tenerals emerged within the field. On average, the daily displacement distance of P. madidus was twice that of P. melanarius. There was no difference between the sexes in the daily displacement or total distance moved. P. madidus crossed field boundaries more frequently than P. malanarius. P. madidus had a very high population density in 2000 with peak numbers of 5.8 m-2 whereas that for P. melanarius was 0.3 m-2. In 2001 the peak density of P. madidus was 0.7m-2. The importance of field boudnaries and farming practices to the spatial dynamics of these two species are discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55452
Title: The influence of flowering plants on herbivore and natural enemy abundance in ornamental landscapes
Author: Paula M Shrewsbury, James H Lashomb, George C Hamilton, Jaosn Zhang, Joseph M Patts, Richard A Casagrande
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Azalea lace bug, Chrysoperla carnea, conservation, biological control, habitat manipulation, habitat complexity, integrated pest management, spiders
Abstract: Ornamental landscapes are diverse, perennial ecosystems. Habitat manipulation, a form of conservation biological control, is an ideal method of pest management for landscape systems. A field study was conducted to determine whether manipulating landscape habitats by adding flowering plants could reduce insect pest outbreaks. Incorporating flowering plants, coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and Shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum sp.) into a simulated landscape (plot) resulted in greater abundance of alternative prey and natural enemies. Survival of azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott)) on azaleas in plots with flowers was lower than in plots without flowers on most dates tested. Early season evaluation of azalea lace bug survival revealed no difference between plots with and without flowers. To determine whether the green lacewing predator, Chrysoperla carnea, could suppress azalea lace bug populations and whether flowers influenced the retention of green lacewings, augmentative release of lacewings was made onto azaleas with azalea lace bugs in plots with and without flowers. Lacewings reduced azalea lace bug populations in plots with and without flowers. Lacewings did not remain in plots with flowers any longer than in plots without flowers. High rates of lacewing disappearance from plots may be the result of dispersal, cannibalism, or intra-guild predation. This study suggests that augmentative release of green lacewings can effectively reduce azalea lace bug populations but these releases should be considered a short-term solution. Moreover, adding flowering plants to landscapes should reduce the likelihood of pest insect outbreaks. A better understanding of the interactions between the habitat, natural enemies, and herbivore is necessary to improve the likelihood of success of this habitat manupulation approach in ornamental systems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55451
Title: Habitat manipulation for enhancement of Aphidophagous insects in Pecan orchards
Author: James D Dutcher
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aphididae, Carya illinoensis, Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Harmonia axyridis, Formicidae, Monellia caryella
Abstract: Blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella (Davis)) became problematic in pecan orchards after broad-spectrum insecticides destroyed populations of aphidophagous insects and aphids developed resistance to certain pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. pecan entomology research has found long-terms solutions through inoculative release of aphid predators and enhancement techniques for aphidophagous insecs. Effectie enhancement techniques included: selective insecticides for control of direct kernel feeding pests; planting intercrops to provide alternate prey for predators; application of supplemental food sprays to the tree crown; reducing the frequency fo fungicide appliations to conserve entomopathogenic fungi; and, control of ants as secondary predators of aphidophaga. The recent use of biorational insecticides and the establishment of the multicolored Asian ladybeetle (Harmonia axyridis Pallas) in pecan orchards in the southeastern US have greatly improved biological control of blackmargined aphid. Enhancement techniques developed prior to these two events are now outdated. Two ladybeetle enhancement techniques were tested in controlled field experiments in a pecan orchard with an established multicolored Asian ladybeetle population to determine the effects on the abundance of blackmargined aphid and associated aphidophagous insects on pecan leaves. A trunk spray of chlorpyrifos prevented red imported fire ants from foraging in the tree crown and interfering with ladybeetles and lacewings. In two of three seasons the trunk spray resulted in significant reduction in blackmargined aphid abundance in the pecan trees. Application of a dliute solution of molasses and baker ' s yeast to the pecan foliage was associated with significant changes in the abundance of aphids and aphidophaga in the tree crown.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55450
Title: The effect of floral nectar on the efficacy of the Grapevine leafroller parasitoid, Trichogramma carverae
Author: M Begum, G M Gurr, S D Wratten, P R Hedberg and H I Nicol
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2004
Publisher: Internationa Scientific Publications, Vol 30, No 1, March 2001
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Adult food, conservation, biological control, epiphyas postvittana, habitat manipualtion, Lobularia maritima
Abstract: The effect of alyssum, Lobularia maritima flowers on Epiphyas postvittana parasitism was studied in a vineyard experiment with and without releases fo Trichogramma carverae. Egg parasitoid activity was assessed with E. postvittana egg ' sentinel cards ' . No parasitism was recorded in plots without T. carverae releases. There was no significant enhancement of parasitism by the presence of L. maritima flowers though flowers significantly increased predation rate of E postvittana eggs. Three hypotheses were subsequently tested to account for the lack of an effect: (i) T. carverae does not benefit from alyssum nectar, (ii) T. carverae was feeding on nectar from other flowering plants (weeds) present in the vineyard, (iii) T. carverae was feeding on sugars from ripe grapes. A growth-carbinet experiment using potted alyssum plants with and without flowers did not support hypothesis one. Two days after first emergence of T. carverae adults, parasitism was significantly greater in cages with flowers. No parasitism was recorded after day two for T. carverae caged without flowers whilst parasitism occured until day eight in the presence of flowers. A laboratory experiment with the common vineyard weeds (Trifolium repens, Hypochoeris radicata, Echium plantagienum) as well as alyssum did not support hypothesis one but gave partial support to hypothesis two. Survival of T. carverae was enhanced to a small but statistically significant extent in vials with intact flowers of alyssum, white clover (T. repens) and catsear (H. radicata) but not in vials with flowering shoots of these species from which flowers and flowering buds had been removed. Paterson ' s curse (E. plantagineum) flowers had no effect on T. carverae survival. In a laboratory study, punctured grapes significantly enhanced T. carverae survial compared with a treatment without grapes, supporting hypothesis three. T. carverae performance in the field experiment was probably also constrianed by relatively cool and wet weather. Further work on the enhancement of T. carverae efficacy by alyssum and other carbohydrate sources is warranted.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55449
Title: Climate-data records and reforestation efforts in the eighteenth and nineteenth century Coromandel region in Peninsular India
Author: Anantanarayanan Raman
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2009
Publisher: National Institute of Ecology, Vol 35, No 2-3, September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: E G Balfour, climate changes, eighteenth century, J E Geister, Nineteenth Century, Peninsular India, Presidency of Madras, reforestation, W Roxburgh, weather data
Abstract: Efforts to establish ' new ' forests and record climate data by German and Scottish residents in the Coromandel region in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appear conspicuously in the pages of vegetation history of peninsular Inida, because forest-based industries and economies in India, at that point of time, were of far less significance. This note brings to light the contributions of three European residents in the Presidency of Madras: a German missionary J. E. Geister (also referred in literature as G E Geisler) and Scottish surgeons W. Roxburgh and E G Balfour. Geister and Roxburgh have documented weather data of reasonable accuracy with limited equipment. Roxburgh with a focus on ' utilitarian conservation ' made efforts to revegetate the semi-arid land stretches with drought-resistant and water-efficient plants. Balfour introduced scientific methods in promoting forest conservation and reforestation. Roxburgh ' s attempts to record climate data and to revegetate parts of the Coromandel (the northern Circars) have been influenced by the thoughts of Stephen Hales and Duhamel du Monceau of the eighteenth century. Balfour ' s interest in proposing reforestation models in peninsular India was triggered by Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, an engineer in Mauritius, and also by the thoughts of Jean-Baptiste Boussingault of the nineteenth century. Further to noting the contributions of the three people, this note also includes a brief notation to climate in the Presidency of Madras, which constituted the bulk of peninsular India of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and what consequences those climate ramifications had on the social dynamics, thus settign the context for the climate-data records made by Geister and Roxburgh and the reforestation efforts by Roxburgh and Balfour.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55448
Title: Habitat distribution and diet analysis of two sympatric species of Balistes in the Western Gulf of Guinea
Author: J Aggrey-Fynn and E A Obodai
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2009
Publisher: National Institute of Ecology, Vol 35, No 2-3, September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Habitat distribution, diet analysis, planktivorous, Benthivorous, triggerfish
Abstract: The study was conducted during R/V Dr Fridtjof Nansen survey 2005 in the Western Gulf of Guinea. A total of 165 station trawls were taken along the Western Gulf of Guinea from Nigeria-Benin border to cote d Ivoire - Liberia border. Of the 165 trawls 23 hauls yielded triggerfish. The study sought to find the distribution, depth range and diet preferences of Balistes capriscus and Balistes punctatus L. after two decades of their apparent disappearance in the area. The species show habitat overlap in the Western Gulf of Guinea. B. carpiscus occur at 23 - 60 m depth, whereas B. punctatus occur at 22-32 m depth range from Benin to Cote d Ivoire. The gut analysis of B. capriscus and B punctatus indicates that both triggerfish species are more planktivorous at juvenile stage (12.0-21.9 cm size class) and more benthivorous at later stage in life. It suggests there could be competition for food resources between the two fish species. However, it appears B. capriscus is better adapted in terms of benthic life as the species occurs at deeper depth of coastal waters and therefore, better selected for benthic feeding.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55447
Title: Restoration of degraded forests: A case study of Kujapuri hills of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Author: H B Vasistha, Mridula Negi and Megha Rawat
Editor: B. Gopal, P S Pathak, A Raman, S Y Lee
Year: 2009
Publisher: National Institute of Ecology, Vol 35, No 2-3, September 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Restoration, degraded forest, natural resources, diversity
Abstract: Present study has been carried out in the degraded forests of Kujapuri Hills located in district Tehri of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Excessive grazing and lopping in this hill forest has experienced a heavy degradation resulting in the loss of biodiversity and depletion of natural resources on which a very sustenance of lcoal people depend. Considering the importance of biodiversity and sustaining resources for the livelihood of rural people, species of diverse importance depending on the ecological adaptability and peoples needs, species such as Quercus leucotrichophora A Camus, Grewia optiva Drum ex. Burret, Celtis australis L., Acer oblongum Wall. ex. DC. (fodder), Arundinaria falcata Nees, Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees (commercial), Cedrus deodara (Roxb.ex. D Don) G. Don (sacred_, Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh, Toona ciliata Roemer, Aesculus indica (Colebr. ex. Camb.) Hook. (forestry) have successfully been introduced under restoration measures in the degraded forest. Species diversity which was 0.67 and 1.52 for shrubs and trees before restoration has increased significantly to 2.36 and 1.86 respectively, after restoration measures. The paper describes the change in the floristic composition and species diversity as a result of restoration in degraded forest of Kujapuri hills.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None