ID: 55717
Title: Plants used as fish poison in Kasaragod district, Kerala
Author: K Subrahmanya Prasad and K Raveendran
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Kasaragod, fish stupefaction, plants, fish poisons
Abstract: Local people of Kasaragod district use selected plants as fish poison as a method of catching fish especially during summer. In this study, a total of 28 plants belonging to 23 genera and 16 families were found in use as fish poison. For this purpose, fruit, stem, bark, seed and leaves have been found effective. Of these, use of 13 plants in the form of fish poison is new to the scientific world.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55716
Title: Seasonal variations in physico-chemical and microbiological properties of water of river Achencovil, Kerala
Author: M G Sanal Kumar, Reeja Jose, Firozia Naseema Jalal and G Santhy
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Seasonal variation, physico-chemical, microbiological analysis, Achencovil river
Abstract: Achencovil river, locally referred as Achencovilaru is a significant water body in Kerala. The portable quality of water in this river was assessed from July 2009 to June 2010. Water samples were collected monthly from Achencovil, Pandalam and Veeyapuram segments of the river and physico-chemical and microbiological analysis were done using standard methods. Water temperature was high during summer (35.40C) and least during post monsoon (230C). A slight alkaline pH was recorded especially during post monsoon in all three segmetns. DO was higher at segment I (7.3 ml/l), while it is very low (5.4 ml/l) during post monsoon and summer at segment II and III. Free CO2 content was recorded higher at segment II (2.9 ml/l) during summer. Total and faecal coliform counts were least in segment I, but very high in segment II (1839.6 MPN/100 ml) and III (139.4 MPN/100 ml) particularly during post monsoon. Almost all parameters showed significant (P<0.05) seasonal variation between different segments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55715
Title: Antibacterial activity and phyto components of crude extracts of Indigofera enneaphylla
Author: K K Sindhu and M M Mathew
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Indigofera enneaphylla, stem, root, leaf, leaf callus, antimicrobials, phyto components
Abstract: The antibacterial property of the stem, leaf, root and leaf callus extracts of Indigofera enneaphylla was assayed against eight strains of human pathogenic bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris by disc diffusion method using crude extracts in solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ehtyl acetate, methanol and water. With regard to callus, crude extract in methanol was used for the study. Among the leaf extracts, the methanol extract exhibited higher inhibition against K pneumoniae and B cereus with zone diamter of 15.83 mm and 15.33 mm respectively. Similarly the methanol extract of the leaf callus showed higher inhibition zone diameter of 12.0 mm and 11.21 mm against K. pneumoniae and B cereus. The inhibitory effect of the callus extract was found to be less. In the screening studies using crude extracts of the root in six solvents, significant inhibitory activity was observed in the treatment of methanol extract with Salmonella typhi having inhibition diameter of 13.7 mm, followed by Enterobacter aerogens inducing 12.33 mm diameter. With regard to the in vitro screening tests conducted by applying crude stem extracts, maximum inhibition was given by the chloroform extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae with a zone diameter of 11.5 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration study of the methanol leaf extract showed that the minimum concentration effecting inhibition is 40 microg/ml against E. coli. With methanol extract of the root, the value is 114 microg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC value of the chloroform stem extract was found to be 80 microg/ml against E. coli. Among all the extracts tested the methanol leaf extract yielded the maximum inhibition. Analysis of the crude methanol extract by GC-MS method identified 13 phytocomponents in it. Identification of the presence of antibacterial activity in the callus demonstrates its possibility for using it as an alternative source to intact plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55714
Title: Phyto remediation strategies of Casuarina sp through in vitro propagation of chromium tolerant callus
Author: R Vidya, A Kanimozhi, V Preethi and N Chandrasekaran
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Phytoremediation, chromium, Casuarine equisetifolia
Abstract: The preliminary study was undertaken in Vellore area and the major pollutant was found to be the heavy metal chromium in the tannery polluted sites. Phytoremediation through the forest species would be the best possible way to remediate the polluted soils. This can be achieved by the mass multiplication of forest species through in vitro propagation. Metal tolerant calli was developed which could serve the purpose of phytoremediation in large scale in the tannery polluted sites. The callus induction of Casuarina equisetifolia was undertaken by spiking 100 ppm of Chromium salt in the MS medium using stem tips. The Chromium metal tolerant calli of C. equisetifolia were induced under in vitro propagation. After 25-30 days it was observed that the calli were tolerant to high levels of chromium. It was concluded that developing the metal tolerant species of casuarina would help us to develop Casuarina seedlings in large scale and could be distributed in mass level in the chromium polluted areas since Casuarina has bioaccumulative properties which has been already proven. Mass propagation of such heavy metal tolerant forest species is the best option and cost effective technology for the phytoaccumulation of heavy metal pollutants and they can be used for the effective phytoremediation of the heavy metal polluted areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55713
Title: Impact of ground fire on species composition of soil macro arthropods and the physico-chemical properties of the soil
Author: S Sunitha, M T P Miranda and P S Allen Benziger
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: ground fire, Ponmudi-Kallar, Macro anthropods, soil dynamics
Abstract: Impact of ground fire on the soil macro arthropod diversity and soil dynamics was investigated in the forests of Ponmudi-Kallar region of the Western Ghats in Kerala, India. Among the soil macro arthropods, Lasius alienus and Acanthomyops inferjectus were solely confined to the burn site, while Paratrechina longicornis, Aleochava bileneate, Porcellioke viskoch and Buthus brevicandatus are burn intolerant. Similarly with regard to termites, Macrotermes estherae, Odontotermes redemanni, O. obesus and O. anamallensis can be said to be fire tolerant whereas O. roonwali and Microcerotermes sp are fire intolernat. Analysis of the physico-chemical parameters of the soil in the burn and unburn sites revealed an increase in the water holding capacity of the burn soil while the standing crop of litter was signifcantly less in the burn site. The percentages of organic matter in the burn site was 12.45 while in the unburn site it was 6.25. The amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the burn site was 38.2%, 6.26 kg ha-1 and 15.8 kg ha-1 respectively, while in the unburn site it was 18.2 %, 4.1kg ha-1 and 11.60 kg ha-1respectively. This may be due to the higher content of organic matter and high density of termite mounds in the burn area. The study revealed that in the forests of Ponmudi-Kallar of the Western Ghats, fires are not very detrimetnal to the soil fauna.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55712
Title: Effect of the plant extract Calotropis gigantea against the blister beetle Mylabris indica
Author: R Jeyapandi and M Shunmugavelu
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Mylabris indica, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, Calotropis gigantea
Abstract: Effect of the extract Calotropis gigantea on biochemical content of blister beetle Mylabris indica has been studied. The efficacy of plant extract (C. gigantea) at the post feeding and post treatment phase and the level of carbohydrate, protein and lipid have been investigated. The level of protein decreased to 21, 42 and 75% respectively. The carbohydrate content is also decreased to 32, 50 and 46%, respectively. The lipid level was decreased to 25.3 and 60%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55711
Title: Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth and flower yield of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa)
Author: P M Munikrishnappa, Shantappa Tirakannanavar, M L Chavan and M Ravikumar
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: tuberose, yield, vermicompost, farm yard manure, organic, inorganic
Abstract: A field investigation on organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on growth and flower yield of tuberose was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Raichur, during 2003-04. Combined application of inorganic source of nutrient (RDF @ 75%) along with organic source (vermicompost @ 5 t per ha) recorded significantly high growth with respect to plant height and ratoon crops (53.6 & 56.8 cm, respectively), number of tillers (14.1 & 16.2, respectively), days to spike initiation and days to flowers initiation when compared to other treatments. Similarly, quality parameters like length of spike, length of rachis, diameter of florets and flower yield per hectare were significantly high with 75% RDF + VC @ 5t per ha and it was on par with 50% RDF + VC @ 5 t per ha compared to treatments in both plant crop and first ratoon crop. Among the treatments, significantly low growth namely, plant height, number of tillers and number of leaves and yield parameters like length of spike, length of rachis, diameter of florets and flower yield per hectare were observed in the treatments with organic nutrients alone.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55710
Title: Integrated nutrient management practices for yield maximization in sugarcane
Author: L Megala and S Mohandas
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55709
Title: Effect of micro nutrients foliar spray on mulberry growth, silk production and cost-benefit
Author: Rajegowda and M Raju
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: micronutrients, mulberry leaf production, silkworms
Abstract: Foliar spray of micro nutrients composition (Boron 0.50%, Molybdenum 0.01%, Copper 0.02%, Iron 2.0%, Zinc 2.5% & manganese 1.0%) @ 2.5 ml/litre of water once, twice and thrice on 16, 23 and 30 days after pruning V1 Mulberry variety significantly increased shoot height/plant, number of leaves/plant, leaf yield/plant and leaf yield/ha during three successive crops. Significant increase in mature worm weight, cocoon weight, shell weight and pupal weight was also recorded in one, two nd three sprays. In addition, more number of DFL ' s also reared due to spray of micronutrients once, twice and thrice, besides increased cocoon production in the same treatments as compared to control as well as water spray. The gross and net return also higher with spray of micronutrients once, twice and thrice as compared to control and water spray. Similarly, the cost benefit ratio was also higher with one spray (MS1) (1:3.31), two sprays (MS2) (1:3.94) and three sprays (MS3) (1:4.29) as compare to control (1:2.40) as well as water spray (1:2.64).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55708
Title: Effect of low pH on haematological parameters of Oreochromiss mossambicus
Author: D Kumar
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: pH, electrolytes, blood parameters, Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract: Fish Oreochromis mossambicus were exposed to different pH (4.9 - 5.8) to study the blood parameters. The fish tested at pH 4.9, has an increased level of RBC of (0.83 x 106 / mm3) compared to control. Similarly O. mossambicus fishes in pH 5.8 also exhibited the increase of RBC (0.5 x 106 / mm3). The WBCs were decreased in pH 4.9 and 5.8 decreased in (1.6 & 0.57 x 104 / mm3) than the control. The Hb content was incrased in pH 4.9 and 5.8 (1.6 & 0.8 g%) compared to (40.96%) control. In Hct also increase at pH 4.9.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55707
Title: Biodiversity and enzyme producing actinomycetes from marine soil of Vedharanyam, East coast of India
Author: S Priya and M Elaiyarani
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces cyaneus, biodiversity, enzyme production
Abstract: Totally ten Actinomycetes species were isolated from marine soil of Vedharanyam, Nagappattinam district, East Coast of India, viz, Actinomadura hibisca, Actinopolyspora halophila, Amycolata autotrophila, Rhodococcus, coprophilus, Saccharopolyspora hirsute, S spinosa, S albus, Streptoverticilium albun and S salmonis. Among these species isolated, S albus and S cyaneus have been selected for enzyme studies. These organisms could be vital sources for the discovery of industrially useful enzymes. Fermentation of cellulase and lipase were carried out and S. cyaneus showed the cellulase and lipase activity of 0.028 IU/ml and 0.617 IU/ml. The cellulase and lipase activity produced by S. albus was 0.021 IU/ml and 0.513 IU/ml, respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55706
Title: Production and estimation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in Bacillus sp (MTCC) and its application in aquaculture
Author: D Latha and K Jeyachitra
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate, Bagasse, Activated sludge, PCR, aquaculture, Bacillus sp
Abstract: Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable plastic produced by the microorganisms and accumulates in the cytosol as granules. In this study four species of Bacillus (MTCC) were obtained and screened for PHB production by means of standard phenotypic methods. Among the four different Bacillus sp, the maximum PHB accumulating species was identified by estimating the PHB using UB spectrophotometer. Further study included the formulation of less expensive substrates used as a carbon source to estimate the PHB accumualtion. Among the 4 species, the intracellular accumulation of PHB was maximum in B circulans at 48 h in industrial waste. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in B. circulans to amplify the PHB coding genes. Further study also included the addition of extracted PHB directly into the water which protected the aquacultures Catla catla (Catla), a freshwater fish and Scomber japonicus (Vanjiram), a marine fish from Aeromonas sp and Vibrio sp infection by an in vivo challenge test.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55705
Title: In vitro regeneration of the medicianl plant Solanum trilobatum
Author: K Ramar, V Nandagopalan and A Lakshmi Prabha
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Solanum trilobatum, Nodal explant, Multiple shoots, plant hormones
Abstract: In vitro regeneration protocol was developed from nodal explants of the medicinal plant Solanum trilobatum. MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-Benzyl-amino-purine (4 mg/l) and Naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg/l). Well developed shoots were subcultured for rooting on MS medium fortified with differetn concentrations of 3-indole butyric acid (1.0-2.5 mg/l). The highest percentage (85.4) of root was observed on 2 mg/l of 3-indole butyric acid. After 30 days, old rooted plantlets were hardened and transferred to natural conditions.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55704
Title: Impact of UAS serisuvarna technology on soil fertility, mulberry leaf and cocoon production in semi-irrigated ecosystem
Author: Rajegowda and T Shivashankar
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Muberry production, silkworms, serisuvarna technology, bioassay
Abstract: A field evaluation was conducted to study the effect of UAS Serisuvarna technology on soil fertility, mulberry leaf and cocoon production under semi irrigated and tail end command area from 2007 to 2009 in the established V1 (Victory -1) variety mulberry gardent. Practicing of UAS Serisuvarna technology (UASST) increased the Organic carbon (0.43%), available nitrogen (146.8 kg/acre), Phosporus (18.3 kg/ac) and potassium (103.5 kg/ac) in the soil as compared to Recommended practices (RP) viz., 0.33%, 101.8 kg/ac, 12.6 kg/ac and 96.7 kg/ac respectively. Further, UAS ST recorded significantly high leaf yield per plant (564.6 gP, number of shoots per plant (15.9), number of leaves per plant (354.5) and leaf yield per hectare (6674 kg/crop) as compared to RP viz., 491.6 g , 14.67, 329.1 and 5,899 kg per crop, respectively. The substantial increase in NPK content in the soil helped to cut down the fertilizer application through inorganic sources. Similary, the leaf obtained by practicing UAS ST also recorded significantly high N (2.83%), P (0.37%), K (2.54%), Ca (2.40%), Mg (0.55%) and S (0.34%) content as compared to RP viz., 2.6%, 0.34%, 2.32%, 2.31%, 0.46% and 0.29%, respectively. The effect of UAS ST and RP on leaf nutrition also investigated through bioassay by feeding silkworm cross breed (PM X CSR2), indicated that feeding silkworm with leaf obtained by Serisuvarna technology practices recorded significantly higher average 10 mature worm weight (39.8 g), single cocoon weight (2.0 g) and cocoon yield (76.9 kg/100 dfls) than to recommended practices viz., 38.8 g, 1.9 g and 73.4 kg/100 dfls, respectively. Similarly BC ratio was also high (1:1.44) as compared to Recommended practices (1:1.36). It is recorded that UAS Serisuvarna practices resulted in greener leaves and highly palatable to silkworm.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55703
Title: Effect of quality of water media on the predatory performance of the bug Diplonychus rusticus
Author: G Chandramohan, S Arivoli and P Venkatesan
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Water media, respiration, predatory performance, Diplonychus rusticus
Abstract: The predatory performance of Diplonychus rusticus was studied providing Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the tap water followed by well water, pond and river water. Among the four media, D. indicus exhibited the highest predatory activity in well water and river water and also hihg in small tank compared to large tank. The volume and the depth of water considerably influenced the predatory behaviour of the bug. With regard to the respiratory rate of D. rusticus in four water mediea, female bug consumed more oxygen than male in well water followed by pond, river and tap water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None