ID: 55747
Title: National and regional impacts of climate change on malaria by 2030
Author: Ramesh C Dhiman, Laxman Chavan, Manoj Pant and Sharmila Pahwa
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Climate change, malaria, relative humidity, transmission window, temperature
Abstract: The article reports projection of malaria by 2030 using A1B scenario of PRECIS model basically derived from HadRM3. Malaria scenario has been defined in terms of opening of months of malaria transmission based on minimum required temperature and relative humdity for baseline (1961-1990) and by 2030. Detailed analysis has been doen for four vulnerable sectors, viz. Himalayan region, northeast, the Western Ghats and coastal region. Some parts of Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh are likely to open transmission windows in new districts with increase in 4-6 months category of transmission . In the northeastern states, intensity of transmission is projected to increase from 7-9 months to 10-12 months. The Western Ghats is projected to be affected to a minimum, whereas in the east coastal districts, reduction in transmission months is likely due to increased temperature. As malaria transmission dynamics is multi-factorial, driven by agricultural practices, water availability, urbanization, migration, socio-economic conditions and intervention measures, projections based on climatic parameters alone should not be viewed with certainty rather they are for guidelines for preparedness in vulnerable areas and strengthen health infrastructure, effective health education and use of best available tools of intervention to cope with the threat of climate change.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55746
Title: Climate change impact assessment of water resources of India
Author: A K Gosain, Sandhya Rao and Anamika Arora
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Climate change impact assessment, floods and droughts, hydrological model, water resources
Abstract: The present study has been taken up to quantify the possible impact of the climate change on the water resources of Indian river systems within the constraints of the uncertainty of climate chage predictions. The study uses the PRECIS daily weather data to determine the spatio-temporal water availability in the river system. A distributed hydrological model, the river systems. A distributed hydrological model, namely SWAT has been used to simulate all the river basins of the country. The analysis has been performed to evaluate the severity of droughts and floods and thus identify the vulnerable hotspots that may require attention in view of the climate change in various parts of the country. The analysis is also perforemd on the blue and green water so as to identify teh cliamte change impacts on these sub-components of water that are repsonsible for environmental functions and biomass production. These results ahve been made available at http://gisserver.civil.iitd.ac.in/natcom for use by a large cross-section of users.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55745
Title: Climate change and Indian forests
Author: Ranjith Gopalakrishnan, Mathangi Jayaraman, Govindasamy Bala and N H Ravindranath
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Climate change, forest ecosystems, impacts, net primary productivity
Abstract: An assessment of the impact of projected climate change on forest ecosystems in India based on climate projections of the Regional Climate Model of the Hadley Centre (HadRM3) and the global dynamic vegetation model IBIS for A1B scenario is conducted for short-term (2021-2050) and long-term (2071-2100) periods. Based on the dynamic global vegetation modeling, vulnerable forested regions of India have been identified to assist in planning adaptation interventions.
The assessment of climate impacts showed that at the national level, about 45% of the forested grids is projected to undergo change. Vulnerability assessment showed that such vulnerable forested grids are spread across India. However, their concentration is higher in the upper Himalayan stretches, parts of Central India, northern Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. In constrast, the northeastern forests, southern Western Ghats and the forested regions of eastern India are estimated to be least vulnerable. Low tree density, low biodiversity status as well as higher levels of fragmentation, in addition to climate change, contribute to the vulnerability of these forests. The mountainous forests (sub-alpine and alpine forest, the Himalayan dry temperate forest and the Himalayan moist temperate forest) are susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change. This is because climate change is predicted to be larger for regions that have greater elevations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55744
Title: Climate change impact assessment and adaptation strategies to sustain rice production in Cauvery basin of Tamil Nadu
Author: V Geethalakshmi, A Lakshmanan, D Rajalakshmi, R Jagannathan, Gummidi Sridhar, A P Ramaraj, K Bhuvaneswari, L Gurusamy and R Anbhazhagan
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Adaptation strategies, agriculture, climate change, impact, rice production
Abstract: The results of the projected climate change over Cauvery basin of Tamil Nadu for A1B scenario using regional climate models showed an increasing trend for maximum, minimum temperatures and rainfall. The yields of ADT 43 rice simulated by decision support system for agricultural technology transfer with CO2 fertilization effect had shown a reduction of 135 kg ha-1 decade-1 for providing regional climates for impact studies (PRECIS) output, while there was an increase in yield by 24 kg ha-1 decade-1 for regional climate model system 3 (RegCM3) output. Suggested adaptation strategies include system of rice intensification, using temperature tolerant cultivars and using green manures/biofertilizers for economizing water and increasing the rice productivity under warmer climate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55743
Title: Impact of climate change on crop productivity in Western Ghats, coastal and northeastern regions of India
Author: S Naresh Kumar, P K Aggarwal, Swaroopa Rani, Surabhi Jain, Rani Saxena and Nitin Chauhan
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Agriculture, climate change, crop productivtiy, impact assessment, simualtion model
Abstract: Assessment on impact of climate change on major crops in ecologically sensitive areas, viz. the Western Ghats (WG), coastal districts and northeastern (NE) states of India, using InfoCrop simualtion model, projected varying impacts depending on location, climate, projected climate scenario, type of crop and its management. Irrigated rice and potato in the NE region, rice in the eastern coastal region and coconut in the WG are likely to gain. Irrigated maize, wheat and mustard in the NE and coastal regions, and rice, sorghum and maize in the WG may lose. Adaptation strategies such as change in the variety and altered agronomy can, however, offset the impacts of climate change.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55742
Title: Tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and extreme sea-level projections along the east coast of India in a future climate scenario
Author: A S Unnikrishnan, M R Ramesh Kumar and B Sindhu
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Cyclones, future projections, regional climate model, storm surges
Abstract: The simulations from the regional climate model, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), were analysed for the occurrence of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal in a baseline scenario(1961-1990) and a future climate scenario (2071-2100), A2. The analysis showed an incrase in the frequency of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal during the late monsoon (August and September) season in the A2 scenario compared to the baseline scenario. However, composite ground-tracts of cyclones do not show any appreciable spatial difference between the two simulations. Extreme sea-level projections along the east coast of India were made using a storm surge model developed for the Bay of Bengal, driven by winds and surface atmospheric pressure obtained from PRECIS. For A2 simulations, a uniform sea-level rise of 4 mm/yr from 1990 was included from the present levels. This corresponds approximately to the average sea-level projections for 2100. The simulated extreme sea-level events were identified and an exteme value analysis was performed using Gumbel fit to determine the return levels. The 100-year return levels of extreme sea-level events are found to be higher by about 15-20% for the A2 scenario than those in the baseline scenario for locations north of Visakhapatnam. However, for the regions experiencing large tidal ranges (Sagar and Kolkata), increase in 100-year return levels for the future scenario are found to be less than 5%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55741
Title: Climate change research initiative: Indian network for climate change assessement
Author: Subodh K Sharma and Rita Chauhan
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Black carbon, climate change assessment, INCCA, research initiative
Abstract: The present article provides a brief overview of Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) which is a new initiative of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. It has been visualized as a network of institutions countrywide and is designed to undertake a range of activities in the area of climate change, e.g. science, impacts, vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation. Under teh aegis of INCCA, two assessments, viz. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2007 and a Sectoral and Regional Analysis of Climate Change in 2030s have been brought out. A National Carbonaceous Aerosols Programme has been developed. INCCA contemplates other initatives which could serve as basis to respond to concerns of climate change.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55740
Title: Fine-scale genetic structure and gene flow in a semi-isolated population of a tropical tree, Shorea robusta Gaertn. (Dipterocarpaceae)
Author: Madhav Pandey and Thomas Geburek
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Dipterocarpaceae, gene flow, genetic structure, population, Shorea robusta
Abstract: Sal (Shorea robusta) is a wind-pollinated, hermaphrodite tropical forest tree species in South Asia that has suffered significant habitat loss. Despite its economical and ecological importance in the region, so far, no information about its population gentics is available. Using four highly variable nuclear microsatellites, we compared the genetic diversity between adults and juveniles in a semi-isolated natural population in Nepal, quantified its micro-spatial genetic structure by spatial autocorrelation and assessed its pollen and seed flow. Results showed that genetic diversity (HE = 0.68, NA=11) was within the range found in other members of the genus. Spatial aggregation of related individuals was weak both in juveniles and adults trees. Selfing rate was 6%, and mean pollen and seed dispersal distances were 194 m and 35 m respectively. The effective neighbourhood size was estimated to be 4,153 trees. The spatial genetic strucutre and gene flow data presented here can serve as guidelines for conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of this tropical species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55739
Title: Population rise and growing water scarcity in India - revised estimates and required initiatives
Author: Sharad K Jain
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: population, 2011 census
Abstract: Preliminary results of the 2011 census released recently by the Government of India show that the current population is higher than the earlier projections. As the requriement of water chiefly depends upon population, ealier estimates have been revised in view of the revised population projections. Initiatives to overcome the impending water scarcity have also been suggested.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55738
Title: In pursuit of a universal barcode of plants: peril of followers?
Author: G Ravikanth, R Srirama, K N Ganeshaiah and R Uma Shaanker
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55737
Title: Genomics of biological control- whole genome sequencing of two mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp
Author: Prasun K Mukherjee
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55736
Title: The Shankaracharya sacred grove of Srinagar, Kashmir, India
Author: Kewal Kumar, R K Manhas, Rani Magotra
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55735
Title: Reintroducing the Cheetah in India ' s grassland - glamour or conservation ?
Author: G Agoramoorthy, V Vijay Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2011
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 101, No 3, 10 August 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55734
Title: Antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical screening of the common medical plant Spilanthes calva
Author: Pananthi, A Ramachandran and E Natarajan
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Spilanthes calve, bacteria. phytochemicals
Abstract: Antimicrobial activity of aqueous nad methanol extracts of Spilathes calva, tropical medicinal plant was investigated by agar disc and well-diffusion methods against the following organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The methanol plant extract showed maximumm inhibitory activity (8.2 mm) against Klebsiella penumonia. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids in mathnolic and aqueous extracts. This plant is traditional used for tooth ache and as an ehnoveterinary medicine.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55733
Title: Effect of organic and inorganic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric cv. Salem
Author: Y C Vishwanath, S I Hanamashetti and K H Natraja
Editor: Prof Dr S Palanichamy
Year: 2011
Publisher: Palani Paramount Publications, Vol 28, Nos 1 & 2, Feb & March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Ecobiology - An International Journal for Scientific Research on Environmental biology, toxicology and inter relations
Keywords: Curcuma longa, fertilizers, yield, quality
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic manures on growth, yield and quality of turmeric cv. Salem during 2001-2002 at Agricultural Research Station, Arabhavi. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, with application of recommended dose of fertilizer + Farm yard manure 25 t/ha recorded higher plant height (5 cm), number of leaves (9.3), number of tillers (2.5), leaf area (4629.6 cm2), leaf area index (4.58), cured rhizome yield (4.8 t) and curcumin content (3.9%).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None