ID: 55897
Title: Approaches to groundwater vulnerability to pollution: A literature review
Author: Jawed Iqbal, A K Gorai, Poonam Tirkey and Gopal Pathak
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Groundwater, vulnerability assessment, literature review, statistical method, overlay index, process based simulation
Abstract: It is not feasible and perhaps impossible to formulate an universal technique for predicting groundwater vulnerability, one that considers all of the ways in which contamination occurs or that is appropriate for all situations. The intended use of the vulnerability assessment process is the most obvious and important factor to consider in selecting a vulnerability assessment approach. The three classes (Overlay and Index Methods, Process based Simulation Model Methods and Statistical Methods) of methods for assessing groundwater vulnerability range in complexity from a subjective evaluation of available map data to the application of complex transport models are available. Each class has its own characteristic strengths and weaknesses that affect its suitability for particular application. This paper attempts to review all the major approaches developed worldwide for groundwater vulnerability assessment.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55896
Title: Suitability of ground water for irrigation in the Sheri Nala basin, Sangli district, Mharashtra, India
Author: A S Yadav and P T Sawant
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Sheri nala, chemical parameters, ground water, irrigational suitability
Abstract: The Sheri nala basin (latitude 16050 ' 05" N to 16054 ' 45"N and logitude 74033 ' 20" E to 74038 ' 30"E) in Sangli district, Maharashtra, has been taken up for evaluation to find the suitability of ground water for irrigation and its effect on the growth of plants on the basis of chemical analysis of ground water. The chemical parameters, viz., sodium, adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazards, Kelley ' s ratio and chloride concentrations were estimated to know the suitability of water for the irrigation purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55895
Title: Increasing pollution level in River Yamuna - A challenge to sustainable developmetn of an urban centre, Delhi, India
Author: Ghuncha Firdaus and Ateeque Ahmad
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Delhi, pollution, urbanization, CPCB, Yamuna Action Plan
Abstract: Water quality degradation is a serious and rapidly growing problem in expanding cities of India where unprecedented and unplanned urbanization accompanied by rapid industrial development are the majore causal factors. Delhi, the capital city of India, is facing the problem of water pollution since the last few decades. In the present study different physico-chemical and biological parameters (i.e. COD, BOD, DO, TKN, AMM, WT, TC and FC) of water are analysed to assess the changing quality of water over the period of twelve years (1995-2006) and to evaluate the impact of Yamuna Action Plans on water quality. With the help of time series analysis method changing trend of pollutants is estimated, and value for the future is also calculated. The primary data collected are from 1896 households to examine the relationship between outdoor and indoor pollution levels. The analysis reveals that despite the implementation of Yamuna Action Plan I and II, the pollutants are well above the standard limit set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). For the mitigation and managemne of this problem in the sustainable urban development perspectives certain relevant measures are also suggested.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55894
Title: Artificial neural network model to forecast the concentration of pollutants over Delhi: Skill assessment of learning rules
Author: Sutapa Chaudhuri and Rajashree Acharya
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: concentration, air pollutants, prediction, artificial neural network, non-linear perceptron, delta learning
Abstract: Air pollution has been reported to persuade climate as well as health significantly and is a matter of concern. The scientific endeavour should thus, be to develop forecast of warning system to predict the concentration of pollutants with considerable accuracy so that the calamities associated with pollution can be minimized, if not eradicated. The purpose of the study is to develop an Artificial Network (ANN) model with different learning rules to predict the concentration of pollutants over Delhi (280 38 ' N, 77012 ' E), India for the year 2009. Two types of learning rules are implemented in this study to forecast the concentration of different pollutants. The result reveals that the forecast accuracy of a particular pollutant depends on the type of the learning rule of the ANN model. The result of the study further reveals that the non-linear perceptron is better forecasting the concentration of sulphur di oxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and ozone (O3) whereas delta learning is better for forecasting nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The percentage errors in forecast with different learning rules of the ANN Model are compared for all the pollutants. The result shows that the concentration of SO2 can be predicted over Delhi with maximum accuracy using non linear perceptron.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55893
Title: Physicochemical investigation of surface water quality of Urban wetlands of Bangalore, India
Author: Aboud S Jumbe and N Nandini
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Urban wetlands, surface water pollution, calcium carbonate saturation indices, morpho-edaphic index
Abstract: The urban aquatic ecosystems are strongly influenced by long term discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater, storm water runoff, accidental spills and direct solid waste dumping. In this study, a survey of physico-chemical pollution of surface water of existing water bodies in Bangalore urban region was carried out. The findings show that total and magnesium hardness, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand exceeded desirable limits. Magnesium, chlorides and orthophophates were also excessive. Calcium carbonate saturation indices showed that all the water from the survey water bodies had a scale forming tendency. Pearson ' s coefficient correlation between the chemical contaminants showed a very strong and a statistically significant relationship between sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides and fluorides.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55892
Title: Triclosan residues in Estuarine sediments from Valliyar estuary, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: T Jeyakumar, P Kodisundaram, A Rajavel, Rajendra Kumar, M Anbu, P Latha and P Roselet
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Triclosan, sediment, antimicrobial, GC/MS
Abstract: Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent added to a wide array of consumer good and personal care products. Through its use, it is introduced into municipal sewer systems where it is partially removed during wastewater treatment. In this study residues of triclosan (TCS) was measured in surface sediments collected from the Valliyar estuary, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Sediment samples were collected from a total of fifteen sampling sites, at different locations of Valliyar estuary near Arabian Sea. Triclosan was widely distributed in the estuarine environment. Concentration of triclosan ranged from 132 to 3073 ng g-1 d. w. with a mean concentration of 1102.2 ng g-1 d.w. The data obtained provides information on the levels of sources of triclosan in the estuarine environment. When compared with other areas, the triclosan level in the study area are some high. These results underscore the need to improved environmental protection measures in order to reduce the exposure of the population and aquatic biota to this antimicrobial agent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55891
Title: Treatment of pharmaceutical effluent by photochemical oxidation on titanium dioxide
Author: S Safiullah, G Mohammad, M A Sabur and B K Howlader
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Waste effluent, land degradation, pollution, oxidation
Abstract: The water effluent from Gonoshasthaya Antibiotic Ltd. (GAL) was treated by photochemical (sunlight) degradation on TiO2 prepared from ilmenite (FeTiO3). Results showed that after 18 hours of irradiation, 94% of dissolved organic compounds were degraded to environmentally acceptable products such as CO2, H2O adn other mineral acids or their salts. The GAL effluent had the initial chlorine content (CC) of 7024 ppm and this increased to 7842 ppm in solar water purifier after 18 hours of irradiation. The concenration of total dissolved solid (TDS) in GAL effluent had 46,000 ppm which was reduced to 2600 ppm after 18 hours of irradiation. The concentration of total suspended solid (TSS) in the GAL effluent was 455 ppm and after 18 hours of irradiation no change in concentration was observed. Furthermore, the relative distribution of the number of compounds decreased with increasing irradiation time.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55890
Title: Genotoxicity of bisphenol A on root meristem cells of Allium cepa: A cytogenetic approach
Author: V V Jadhav, A S Jadhav, C A Chandagade and P D Raut
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Bisphenol A, Allium cepa, mitotic aberration, chromosomal aberration, mitotic index, plasticizers
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic effect of a plasticizer, Bisphenol A (BPA). Cytogentic damaging effect of BPA was examined through chromosomal aberrations (CA) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. In order to identify the genotoxicity effect, root meristem cells were exposed to BPA at 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.015% and 0.020% for five days. Cells in the interphase and undergoing division were examined to assess the presence of Chromosomal Aberration (CA), Mitotic Index (MI), Mitotic Aberration (MA) and Micronucleus (MN) formation. At a lower concentration, i.e. 0.005% BPA induce mutagenetic alteration in the roots of A. cepa. At a higher concentration, i.e., 0.020% BPA inhibits root growth and Mitotic Index (MI). These findings are of concern, since cell damage may be transmitted to subsequent generation, possibly affecting the organism as a whole. If the damage results in cell death, the development of the organism may be affected which could lead to its death. The results are discussed in the paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55889
Title: Detention time as a critical parameter in Septic tank design
Author: Chidozie Charles Nnaji and Jonah Chukwuemeka Agunwamba
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Septic tank, detention time, sludge accumulation, desludging
Abstract: In order to reveal the importance of detention time in septic tank design, an expression was derived to show the relationship between detention time and sludge level. Charts that show the decline of detention time with sludge accumulation were produced. These charts show that the usual recommendation that septic tanks be desludged when they are one-third full could be irrational most of the time. It was shown that tank that is one-third full amy still have enough residual detention time for optimal performance. A more rational approach is that septic tanks should be desludged when they no longer have enough detention time for efficient performance. It was also shown that water use should be given serious attention in septic tank design as it can have serious consequences for detention time.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55888
Title: A study on Arsenic uptaking capacity of Water hyacinth
Author: M A Islam, M S Rahman, S Islam, A N M Zakaria and K M R Islam
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Arsenic contamination, free-floating aqueous, hyperaccumulation
Abstract: Water hyacinths are free-floating aqueous weeds which can accumulate metals. They have fibrous roots and obtain all of their nutrients from the water. Determination of arsenic uptaking capacity of water hyacinth in arsenic-contaminated water is the main objective of the study. Total of 1350 grams wet water hyacinths were taken from adaptation tank which was collected from the Lake of Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST) campus and were maintained in 27 L tap water supplemented with 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L of As in three glass tanks and the test durations were 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours. Samples were collected from three glass tanks and arsenic remained in the solution was measured by Silver Di-ethyl Di-thyo Carbamate (SDDC) method. It was found that the remaining concentration reached below the permissible limit 0.05 mg/L (Bangladesh drinking water quality standard) on or before 48 hours for initial concentration 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/L of As. But for higher initial concentration (0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L) the remaining concentration started to increase after 48 hours. So the gross effective floating period for water hyacinth is 48 hours up to initial concentration 0.6 mg/L.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55887
Title: The impacts of land-use/cover change on Loktak lake water quality in North-eastern region, India
Author: S C Rai and Adon Raleng
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Land-use/cover change, physicochemical properties, shifting cultivation, Manipur, Ramsar site, wetland
Abstract: The present study was designed to understand the long-term impacts of land-use/ cover change on hydrology and nutrient dynamics of Loktak Lake in Manipur. The major land-use/cover changes are the expansion of built-up land, open forest land, aqua ponds/water bodies and wetland. There was increase in built-up land by 0.80%, open forest by 9.39% and water bodies by 1.31%. The surface inflow from rivers/streams accounts 52% of the total inflow into the lake. The annual average sediment input into the lake was estimated as 650,000 metric tonnes. The nutrient (DO, free CO2, chloride, TDS, BOD and phosphate phosphorous, etc) levels of the lake varied between seasons and sites. High intensity of fertilizer usage in the agricultural fields and practice of fish farming contribute significantly to water quality deterioration in the lake. The highly polluted rivers (Nambul and Nambol) also finally discharge pollutants in the lake. Today, Loktak Lake has been placed on the informal list of threatened Ramsar sites of the world. Only a concerted effort on the part of official agencies, professionals, NGOs and the local communities to comprehend the complexities of this delicately balanced, biologically rich wetland ecosystem, and take appropriae action, can save Loktak Lake from demise.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55886
Title: Sustainable design of ship breaking industry in developing countries
Author: Iftekhar Khan, Harun Chowdhury, Firoz Alam and Arun Kumar
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Sustainable design, ship breaking, environment, developing countries, Bangladesh
Abstract: Ship breaking industry is one of the important industries for developing economies. It provides employment, economic prosperity and much needed re-useable materials for country ' s economic development. Ship breaking is crucial especially for Bangladesh as it does not have any natural resources including iron ore except the natural gas. Although ship breaking is economically beneficial but it comes with a huge environmental and occupational health and safety cost. Ship breaking industries have been developed through unplanned and unscientific ways in most developing countries. In this study, a systematic and sustainable approach to ship breaking activities has been proposed. With proper implementation, it will not only safeguard the environment and occupational health and safety but also improve productivity, profit margin and national economic prosperity. The proposed approach can be replicated in most developing countries with little or no modification.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55885
Title: Gender biasing in Arisaema - a unique and rare phenomenon
Author: Preeti Srivastava and B K Banerji
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 102, No 2, 25 January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Arisaema triphyllum, gender biasing, spadix, pulpit, sex switching
Abstract: Arisaema is flowering plant belongs to monocotyledonous family Araceae (Arum family). The plant is known by many names due to its peculiar flowering habit and the shape of its attractive inflorescence. The plant resembles very much with insectivorous pitcher plant due to its foliar modification like a pitcher of a pitcher plant with attractive colour combination. These colours are mending for attracting the insects for pollination purpose. This unique plant has a long life of 100 years. This unique plant has a long life of 100 years. The plant has alternation behaviour of sex pattern in response to change in ambient environment and or changes in size or age.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55884
Title: Sustainable water management in India considering likely climate and other changes
Author: Sharad K Jain
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 102, No 2, 25 January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Climate change, impacts, sustainable water management, water scarcity
Abstract: With growing scarcity of water and deteriorating quality, water resources management in India is becoming more challenging with the passage of time. This article discusses the likely impacts in the water sector and the overarching actions that India need to initiate to overcome/ manage them.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 55883
Title: Autonomous profiling device to monitor remote water bodies
Author: R Madhan, N Dabholkar, G Navelkar, Elgar Desa, S Afzulpurkar, A Mascarenhas and S Prabhudesai
Editor: P. Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 102, No 2, 25 January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, Autonomous Vertical Profiler (AVP), National Institute of Oceanography (NIO)
Abstract: In tropical climates, most freshwater reservoirs, dams and lakes are prone to annual summer stratification during which bottom water layers near the bed become hypoxic (<2 ml/l) with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO). This has serious implications to human health, and requires frequent and effective monitoring, particularly during summer months (March-May) when water consumption is highest. These water bodies are frequently located in remote areas away from human habitation, making it logistically difficult to access and monitor their water column properties on a regular basis. The need for monitoring temporal changes in freshwater ecosystems is addressed in this note through the description of a patented technology-Autonomous Vertical Profiler (AVP) designed and developed at the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, for use in both coastal and freshwater bodies. The AVP was used in experiments to satellite transmit complete time and location referenced high-resolution profiles of temperature, phyto-plankton concentration, turbidity and DO from the remote Tillari Dam- a freshwater reservoir near Dodamarg, Maharashtra, India. The profiles were received without errors at the Marine Instrumentation Laboratory at NIO. The benefits of in situ time-series profiling with AVP captured the onset of developing hypoxia in early April 2011 over a 9-day unsupervised profiling experiment. A similar 5 - day experiment in February 2011 tracked diurnal changes in phytoplankton concentrations through night and day, suggesting a possible interplay between recycled production and photoinhibition.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None