ID: 56032
Title: Variations of organotin bioaccumulation in the Salmo trutta and Anguilla japonica collected from freshwater and seawater habitats: Are interpretation from biomonitoring point of view
Author: C K Yap and T Arai
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biomonitoring, organotin, diadromous fish
Abstract: This paper reviewed two important published papers on variation in organotin compounds (OTs) accumualation in relation to the life history of Anguilla japonica and Salmo trutta. The data cited from the two papers were re-interpretated from biomonitoring point of view. An overall discussion of the tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) contamination based on the sampling sites was presented. In general , S. trutta with higher OT levels inhabiting the sea habitat, namely Hakodate Bay, had higher bioavilability of OTs than the Hekirichi River and Kunebetsu River. Similarly, the eels A. japonica with higher OTs collected in the marine habitat at Miyako Bay and its adjacent waters, also had higher levels of TBT than those collected from the Mabuchi River, Hei River and Tsugaruishi River. This indicated that Hakodate Bay and Miyako Bay had higher contamination by OTs than freshwater sampling sites. Since Hakodate Bay and Miyako Bay are characterized by many marinas and shipping activities, this review paper based on the two papers agreed with the fact that higher anthropogenic activities would always be reflected in the higher bioaccumulation of OTs of the two biomonitors.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56031
Title: Biodegradation of 2-chlorophenol in an anerobic batch reaction using starch as co-substrate
Author: P Sivarajan, V Arutchelvan, G Gnanapragasam and S Nagarajan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: l2-CP, anaerobic, co-substrate, batch reactor, starch
Abstract: Chlorophenols are highly toxic, carcinogenic and poorly degradable organic pollutants. In the present investigation 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was degraded in an anerobic batch reactor using starch as co-substrate. Experiments were carried out with various concentrations of 2-CP at a mixing ratio of 80:20 (starch: 2-CP). The COD removal efficiency varied from 97.1 to 9.4% for 2-CP concentration of 200 to 1000 mg/L. The 2-CP removal efficiency decreased as its concentration increased and a maximum removal efficiency of 97.5% occurred at a concentration of 200 mg/L. A maximum biogas production of 10.1 L/d was achieved at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Thus the results indicate that 2-CP along with starch as co-substrate can be effectively degraded in a batch reactor.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56030
Title: Seasonal appraisal of physico-chemical parameters of wastewater discharged in Amanishah-Nalla of Jaipur city, Rajasthan
Author: Virendra Singh Shekhawat and C P Singh Chandel
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: BOD, COD, DO, USPH, Wilcox diagram, Piper trilinear diagram
Abstract: The study focuses on the wastewater quality for irrigation purposes. The ten sampling sites of Jaipur city during post monsoon season (Oct-Jan. 2010-11) were selected for this purpose. The Water Quality parameters such as pH, RSC, SAR, %Na, EC, TDS, TH, DO, COD, BOD, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, F- and NO3- were estimated. The pH analysis revealed that water is alkaline in nature and TDS in all the samples exceeded the permissible limit suggested by USPH. EC in most of the samples exceed the permissible limit as per USPH standard. Additionally F- and NO3- concentrations also exceeded desirable limits in most of samples. The results from BOD, COD and DO revealed that all the values above the desirable limits. A characterization of wastewater on the basis of Wilcox diagram was plotted to assess the suitability of water for irrigation. Piper trilinear diagram was plotted to evaluate the hydrochemistry of wastewater with the help of GWW-software.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56029
Title: Biogas production from cow drug supplemented with sewage water in a semi continuous digestion method
Author: V Jeyanthi Kumari
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biogas, cow dung, STP (Sewage treatment plant), bioremediation
Abstract: The biogas production has become a common practice over the past several decades throughout the world because of its beneficial effects. In the present study the gradual replacement of cow dung with sewage water (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% & 100% respectively) for biogas production was carried out in KVIC model bioreactor at 10% total solid concentration in a semi continuous mode of anaerobic digestion bioreactor. Replacement of cow dung with sewage water resulted in the enhancement of biogas production especially in 80% replacement of cow dung with sewage water. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content of the effluent also improved. A control bioreactor was also maintained which consists of equal amount of cow dung with ordinary water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56028
Title: Biochemical impairment after sodium dichromate treatment in the liver and kidney of male mice Mus musculus (P)
Author: Javid Ahmad Ganaie, Varsha Gautam and Vinoy K Shrivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sodium dichromate, liver, kidney, protein, cholesterol, Mus musculus
Abstract: Biochemical studies were carried out after intraperitoneal injection (i,p.) of sodium dichromate (5 and 10 mg/kg b.wt) in mice for 15 and 30 days. Thirty sexually mature male mice, Mus musculus weighing about 30 + 5 gms were divided into six groups of five each. Group 1st and 2nd served as control for 15 and 30 days respectively and recieved balanced diet and water ad libitum, group IIInd and IVth received i.p. injection of sodium dichromate (5 mg/kg b. w) on alternate days for 15 and 30 days, while group Vth and VIth received i.p. injection of sodium dichromate (10 mg/kg b.w) on alternate days for 15 and 30 days. On day 16th and 31st, the animals were sacrified and their organs, liver and kidney were processed for spectrophotometeric biochemical estimations, viz. Protein and cholesterol. Protein levels showed a decrease while cholesterol levels were increased in all the experimental groups through out the experimental studies as compared to the control group. These results suggested that sodium dichromate effects directly or indirectly on the liver and kidney thereby altering the concentration of biochemical parameters.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56027
Title: Studies on sugar mill effluents: The physico-chemical characteristics and concentrations of heavy metals
Author: Mohd. Aslam Saifi and H B Singh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sugar mill effluents, physico-chemical parameters, heavy metals
Abstract: Present paper deals with the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metal contents in the effluents discharges from the sugar mill under study. Most of the physico-chemical parameters such as colour, odour, temperature, pH, electrical, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, COD, alkalinity, total hardness, Ca+2, Mg+2, sulphate, chloride, fluoride and concentration of heavy metals (like Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Pb and Hg) of the effluent collected from the various sites between the exit point at the mill and discharge point in a natural drain in different months have been determined.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56026
Title: The role of logistic regression and GIS for analysis of environmental hazards (Case study: Syahdare watershed, 2007-2009)
Author: Alireza Ildoromi and Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Land slide, hazard zoning, logistic regression, Syahdare watershed
Abstract: Understanding where the landslides are most likely to occur is crucial in reducing property damage and loss of life in future landslides. In this research logistic regression analysis as it requires less statistical assumption compared to other multiple statistical models and creating the best relationship between presence and absence of landslides and asset of causative factors to supply landslide susceptibility map in syahdare basin at first based on field surveys, local interview and review of previous works in similar region, ten primary causative factors on landslide occurrence such as elevation, slope gradient, aspect, rainfall, distance from fault, distance from drainage, distance from road, land use and lithology in study area recognized and their information layers has been created in GIS by using ARC GIS 9.2 soft wares based on photograph interpretation and held surveys. Seventy five landslides were recognized and also another 75 non landslides were selected randomly all over the basin after overlaying all points (landslides and non-landslides) with causative factors layers 1 and 0 codes belonged to presence and absence of landslides respectively. After entering independents variables including all coded classes and dependent variables including 150 landslides and non-landslides in to SPSS 12 and selecting forward stepwise method, data analysis were performed. Interpretation of coefficients obtained of logistic regression function analysis indicates that aspect and lithology, being miscorrelated with landslide occurrence by more than 0.05 significance are delected from the model. At last, statistical model was performed based on the most effective factors on landslide occurrence including slope, elevation, rainfall, distance from drainage, distance from fault, land use and distance from road respectively. After transmitting this model to ARC GIS 9.2 soft ware, landslide susceptibility map of syahdare basin was performed whit four classes. Therefore 51.94 residual area is located in high hazard regions. Model and then susceptibility map Verity was then susceptibility map Verity was assessed using -2LL, and Snell R2, Nagelkerk R2, occurrence ratio comparison and considering the deference percentage between landslide observed density and predicted probability and it was reliable.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56025
Title: Oxidative stress: A biological technique for the assay of chromium induced phytotoxicity
Author: Kiran Gupta, Sumati Gaumat and Kumkum Mishra
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Oxidative stress, antioxidants, biomarkers, E crassipes, chromium
Abstract: A study was performed to evaluate oxidative stress in response to Chromium [Cr(VI)] accumulation in Eichhornia crassipes. Plants treated with different concentration (0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg ml-1) of Cr for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h accumulated significant (p<0.01) amount of Cr in a concentration duration dependent manner, which was more in roots (789.33 mg g-1 dw) than in leaves (335.6mg g-1 dw). Cr induced oxidative stress was evident by increased level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion radical (O2-) and MDA content. In contrast plants showed alleviated level of antioxidants in order to combat oxidative stress. Among enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity increased upt 2.5 mg ml-1 of Cr while catalase (CAT) showed sensitivity and increased only upto 1.0 mg ml-1Cr. On the other hand non ezymatic antioxidants (carotenoid and ascorbic acid content) scavenged free radicals efficiently showing elevation at all concentration and duration over control value. Therefore it can be concluded, E. crassipes can be utilized as a bioassay for phytotoxicity as well as bioindicator of polluted water bodies.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56024
Title: Monoculture of wetland and plants: A potent tool for remediaton of tannery effluents
Author: Kumkum Mishra and Sumati Gaumat
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Tannery effluent, chromium, accumulation, wetland plants, phytoremediation
Abstract: The ability of wetland plants to reduce the level of heavy metals in polluted waters has led to development of several phytoremediation systems. In this context experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of wetland plants (Bacopa monnieri, Cyperus, flabelliformis, Typha latifolia, Scirpus lacustris) for treatment of tannery effluent (C.E.T.P, Unnao, U.P) udner mono- and mixed culture. The plants were treated with 100% effluent for 9 days to assess the improvement in physico-chemical properties of the effluent and reduction in its Cr level. They were treated with different effluent concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) and durations (3, 6 and 9 d) under mono and mixed- species culture for Cr accumulation. Effluent treated with plants (mono- and mixed- species culture) shwoed a significant improvement in several physico-chemical properties and reduction in Cr level in the following order: B. monnieri (97.33%) C. flabelliformis (93.18%) > mixed plant culture (90.72%) > T. latifolia (89.68%) > S. lacustris (88.78%). Cr accumulation was found to be more in roots than in shoots and it was interesting to note that plants under monoculture accumulated more metal than mixed species culture. On the basis of average concentration of metal (?g g-1dw Cr) in root and shoot in mono- and mixed- culture it was foudn that B. monnieri (197.16 and 192.50) accumulated maximum amount of Cr followed C. flabelliformis (144.50 and 135.55), T. latifolia (142.69 and 133.70) and S. lacustris (131.40 and 123.78) respectively at 100% concentration after 9 d. In addition, plants exhibited different anatomical variations in their roots in response to stress condition. Overall performance of plants indicates that B. monnieri is best among all and can be recommended for treatment of tannery effluent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56023
Title: An overview of the treatment processes used for pharmaceutical industry wastewater
Author: Ashish Gome and Kanjan Upadhyay
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ozonation, pharmaceutical wastewater, advanced oxidation processes
Abstract: The number of pharmaceutical industries has grown up significantly in the last two decades. Every production unit generates waste in the form of solid, liquid and gas of which liquid waste is most common and often found to be toxic in nature. Production of medicines in these pharmaceutical industries involves complex processes with complex chemical reactions and mechanisms, including fermentation technology and use of different selective catalysts, hence the quality of wastewater generated is difficult to treat by simple techniques. An attempt has been made in the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatement processes along with the ozonation process and also to evaluate the feasibility of ozonation process in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56022
Title: Modelling and validation of a sewerage system with on-site segregation and treatment for water short habitations in developing countries
Author: M Dhinadhayalan and A K Nema
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Anaerobic, segregation, digestion, black water, treatment, grey, water short habitations, decentralized wastewater system
Abstract: The practice of piped sewer collection is basically an inheritance from advanced countries with high water usages at about 350-400 liters per capita per day (LPCD) which ensures adequate flushing velocities and do not result in night-soil lumps settling down in pipes and do not result in choking and sulphide gas generation whereas in the Indian scenario, the LPCD is just about 70 -100 and that too intermittent and this results in the said, settling down of night -soil, choking, gasification etc which necessitates very often the extreme remedies of cutting open the roads of access and break open the pipes and rectifiation etc. This further necessitates the need to approach the decentralized sewerage system with a possibility of solubilizing of the night soil by appropriate on-site treament before its collection and conveyance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56021
Title: Assessment of ground water quality status in Ujjain city, Madhya Pradesh, India
Author: Vikas Vishwakarma and Lokendra Singh Thakur
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical characteristics, drinking water quality parameters, ground water, BIS limits
Abstract: An attempt has been made to assess the ground water quality of Ujjain city. Samples were collected from 17 locations of Ujjain city from various ground water sources for summer season and analysed for physico-chemical parameters. The results of analysis were compared with the Indian standard (BIS, IS 10500:1991) of drinking water quality parameters. The pH values of all samples indicate with in desirable limit. Turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness values are within permissible limit in all the samples. Total dissolved solids, chloride and fluoride are beyond permissible limit in some of the ground water samples.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56020
Title: Haematological studies of fresh water fish, Channa punctatus exposed to copper sulphate from Godavari river, Nanded (MS)
Author: A R Jagtap, M S Kadam and R P Mali
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Channa puncatatus, copper sulphate, RBC, WBC, haemoglobin, ESR
Abstract: Toxic influence of metals produces physiological changes in the organ of animals. Different haematological tests were carried out on a fresh water fish, Channa punctatus after they were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper sulphate. The haematological studies have long been considered as a valuable diagnostic tool in clinical biochemistry, population, genetics and in medical anthropology. The haematological tests lime RBC Counting, WBC Counting, Haemoglobin Content and ESR Values were carried out on the fish exposed to copper sulphate upto 96 hours. The values of RBC Count, Haemoglobin Content were found to have decreased. However, the WBC Count, ESR registered a marked increase as compared to control. The resuls are statistically analysed and discussed in detail.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56019
Title: A study on defluoridation capacity of betel nut coir charcoal from aqueous solutions
Author: Sutapa Chakrabarty and H P Sarma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Betel nut coir charcoal, defluoridation, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, adsorption kinetic, pseudo 2nd order rate
Abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of betel nut coir charcoal as a potential adsorbent for defluoridation of synthetic aqueous solution following batch method of operation. The efficiency of the adsorbent was measured at different temperature settings with respect to initial fluoride concentration, contact time, and pH of the solution. The process acheived equilibrium at 180 minutes with maximum defluoridation efficiency of 92%. The isotherm can be conformed to either Langmuir and Freundlich model at different temperature. The process follows pseudo 2nd order rate with both boundary layer effect and pore diffusion mechanism.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56018
Title: Limnology of Dikrong river system in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Author: Tapati Das, Abhik Gupta and Ayyanadar Arunachalam
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2011
Publisher: EM International, Vol 30 (4), 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water quality, Dikrong, Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract: A limnological investigation was carried out in Dikrong river system of Arunachal Pradesh to study the environmental impacts of rapid urbanization and related anthropogenic disturbance on its water quality. The study area comprised of two tributaries, rivers Pare and Pachin along with the main river, Dikrong. The main sourcesof disturbance in Dikrong river system are urbanization, siltation, piggery waters, defecation along the river bank and quarrying. However, amongst the three rivers, Pare was in relatively undisturbed state while Pachin was in more disturbed condition as it traversed along a township area. A detailed study revealed the mixing effect of Pachin and Pare on Dikrong. This sutdy highlights that in order to manage any major river system its tributaries particularly those running along urban landscape should be given greater importance. As Dikrong river system is a part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot its proper management has important implication for not only biodiversty perspective but also its conservation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None