ID: 56062
Title: Physiolgoical study of two ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from Kumaun Himalaya
Author: Anurag Yadav and Kusum Yadav
Editor: Dr. S S Negi
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Physiology, Himalayan region Scleroderma bovista, Cantharellus cibarius, temperature, pH, NaCl
Abstract: Two dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal species viz Cantharellus cibarius and Scleroderma bovista were isolated from respective mushrooms from Nainital hills of Uttarakhand, India. These fungi were extensively studied for three physiological parameters viz temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. Temperature of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 350C, pH of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 and NaCl concentration of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 was used to find the optimum growth of these ECM fungi. Temperature of 250C was found optimum for the growth of C. cibarius and S. bovista. Optimum pH was obtained as 5.5 for S. bovista and 5.0 for C. cibarius (at 250C, optimum temperature). Pressue of NaCl in small amounts somewhat enhanced the fungal growth. Concentration of 30mM NaCl produced maximum mycelial dry wt of S. bovista (173.6 mg) and 40 mM for C. cibarius (58.4 mg) (after 36 days of incubation at 250C), significantly higher than control (0 mM).
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56061
Title: Genetic variability and correlation studies for seed morphology, seedling growth and biochemical traits in Neem (Azadirachta indica A .Juss)
Author: N Kaushik, J C Kaushik and S Nautiyal
Editor: Dr. S S Negi
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Azadirachta indica, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PVC), Azadirachtin, seed morhology
Abstract: Genetic parameters in seed morphology, germination, seedling growth and biochemical contents of seed traits in Azadirachta indica collected from different parts of Haryana, India were assessed. The ' F ' values for all the characters studied were significant (P<0.05), indicating the presence of ample genetic variation for all characters. The estimated coefficient of variance ranged from 1.93 to 8.73 percent. The genetic advance, as percentage of means ranged from 21.29 percent for seed breadth to 88.27 percent for root length. The other characters viz. collar diameter (73.56%) and shoot length also showed high values for genetic advance as percentage of mean High heritability (99.00%) and genetic gain were recorded for 100-seed weight, seed germination, shoot length, palmitic acid and stearic acid indicating the additive gene action. Seed size (length and breadth) and 100-seed weight was significantly and positively correlated with oil content, positively correlated with azadirachtin content, palmitic acid and oleic acid, however negatively correlated with steric acid and myrstic acid. Considering seed morphology, germination, azairachtine content and quantitative and qualitative characters of oil, the best performing plus trees were, T6 (Kurukshetra) of the Karnal, T6 (Pinjore II) from Panchkula, (T6) from Premnagar of Bhiwani and tree (T4) from Jhatipur of Sonipat provenance.
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56060
Title: Water use and biomass production in tree seedlings irrigated near field capacity in arid environment
Author: G Singh and T R Rathod
Editor: Dr. S S Negi
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Biomass production, arid environment, soil water depletion Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia nilotica and Dalbergia sissoo
Abstract: Soil water depletion in forty-five months old plants of E. camaldulensis, A nilotica and D. sissoo was monitored in non-weighing type of lysimeters of 2m x 2m x 2m (8 m3 capacity). Soil water was allowed to deplete up to 7.56% and was maintained at field capacity of Soil Water Content (SWC) by re-irrigating the seedlings at 36.2 mm. Total depletion of soil water from the plantation of E. camalulensis was 4.75 mm day-1m_1 depth. The depletion from A. nilotica plot was 3.45 mm day-1 and that of D. sissoo was 2.62 mm day-1. This inicated 13, 9 and 7 irrigation in 99, 94 and 97 days in E. camaldulensis, A nilotica and D. sissoo plots, respectively. Partitioning between transpiration and evapouration was 66% and 34% in E. camaldulensis plot, 54% and 46% in A. nilotica plot and 38 and 62% in D. sissoo plots. The depletion in soil water from bare soil was 7.0 lit day-1 that contribute significant amount of water loss. A provision of simple surface mulching with locally available under-shrubs and grassess saved the loss of 0.15 mm day-1(1.5 tones water ha-1 day-1).
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56059
Title: Forest development corporations need corporate outlook economic marketing wing: A key missing link
Author: N Syam Prasad
Editor: Dr. S S Negi
Year: 2012
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 138, No 1, January 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Indian Forester
Keywords: Economic rotation, efficient production, innovative marketing
Abstract: In order to ensure economic efficiency and effective marketing, Forest Development Corporations must pursue - to make sure that cost of production is optimized and formulate innovative marketing strategies. Creation of economic and marketing branch in Forest Developement Corporations to undertake the task will increase the bottom line and help sustain in the long run.
Location: Kumta Field Station
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56058
Title: Species distribution and Virulence properties of coagulase - negative staphylococci isolated from human and domestic animal sources
Author: Suja Philip, Minu Thomas, E K Radhakrishnan and Jyothis Mathew
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Coagulase negative staphylococci, human samples, domestic animals, virulence properties
Abstract: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) from different sources i.e human healthy skin, clinical samples and domestic animals were identified and incidences of virulence properties were studied. The predominant CNS species isolated was S. epidermidis in both healthy skin and clinical samples. It comprised 30.6% and 35.75% of the CNS isolates in human healthy skin samples and clinical samples respectively. In domestic animals the predominant species was S. hyicus, which comprised about 36.32% of the CNS isolates. The species distribution of CNS isolated from clinical samples, the healthy skin and domestic animal samples had significant differences. The analysis of virulence properties revealed the production of capsule in 33.85%, slime in 41.62%, biofilm in 36.61%, siderophore in 27.46% and synthesis of enzymes including esterase in 20.38%, DNase in 13.3% and TNase in 8.98% of the CNS isolates. TNase production was completely absent in isolates from human healthy skin samples tested. The rate of positivenss of all these virulence factors was higher for clinical samples (52.23%) and domestic animal samples (32.04%) compared to the human skin (15.73%). We conclude that these virulence factors are significant and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of infections.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56057
Title: Serotype distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in patients and in the environment of Jabalpur, a city of Madhya Pradesh in India
Author: Shesh Rao Nawange, Shankar Mohan Singh, Jaishree Naidu, Ruchi Sethi, Ruchika Yadu Jain, Aditi Tiwari and Karuna Singh
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Serotype, Cryptococcus neoformans, C gattii, clinical cases, environment, India
Abstract: Geographical distribution of serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii has been useful in understanding the global epidemiology of Cryptococcosis. In this study done between 1998-2004, 14 strains of C. neoformans and C. gattii from clinical cases and 53 from environment were isolated from the Jabalpur city of Central India. Of the total 53 environmental strains, 51 (96.2%) were Cryptococcus neoformans and 02 (3.7%) Cryptococcus gattii. Among 51 C. neoformans isolates 45 (84.9%) were serotype A; and both serotype D and AD were 03 (5.66%). The two C. gattii strains isolated were serotype B. Human urine soaked soil is reported as a new site for the isolation of C. gattii serotype B. In India C. neoformans serotype AD has been, for the first time, isolated from the environment in our study. Out of 14 clinical cases investigated, 09 (64.3%) yielded C. neoformans serotype A and 02 (14.3%) C. neofomans serotype D followed by 03 (21.4%) C. gattii serotype B. In Central India C neoformans (serotype D) has been, for the first time, reported both from the environment as well as from clinical cases. Our result suggest that the distribution of different serotypes of C. neofomans (A, D and AD) and C. gattii (B) in the environment and among patients here may vary from other climatically different regions of India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56056
Title: Effects of long-term dose of epichlorohydrin on fertility and growth parameter in adult male rats
Author: K Muthu, P Krishnamoorthy, Manthiri Kani and Arun Sasi
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: epichlorohyrin fertility, growth, male rat
Abstract: A case control study was conducted to assess the effects of long-term dose of epichlorohydrin on fertility, body and reproductive organ weight and level of sex hormones in Wister albino male rats. Ten adult male rats were exposed to epichlorohydrin at a concentration of 100 mg/kg/b.wt for 90 days. Another ten control male rats received vehicle (distilled water). After 24 hours of the last dose, animals were autopsied under light anesthesia. Several parameters including, body and reproductive organ weight, sperm count and motility, serum testosteron, FSH, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, SGOT and SGPT were all measured. Assessment of pregnancies in females mixed with tested males was also measured. The results of histological, histometrical and biochemical profiles were compared to that of the control group, and the significance of these results was measured using student ' t ' and Chi-square tests. Long-term dose of epichlorohydrin for 90 days caused a significant decrease in spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of the testes. Sperm motility and density were also significantly reduced in Cauda epididymides and testes of the treated group. The body weights and weight of reproductive organs (testes, epididymides, ventral prostrate and seminal vesicle) were decreased considerably. Hormonal assay also showed significant decrease in testosterone levels. Testicular cell population dynamics also demonstrated a decrease in the number of both primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids in the treatment group. The number of female rats impregnated by male rats on long-term epichlorohydrin dose had decreased. The number of implantations and the number of viable fetuses were also notably decreased in female rats impregnated by male rats exposed epichlorohydrin. Histometry of reproductive organs confirmed these results. These results confirm that the long-term dose of epichlorohydrin produces adverse effects on fertility and reproductive system in adult male rat.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56055
Title: Effect of different immobilization technique on enzyme activity
Author: R K Pathak and A K Dikshit
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Protease, immobilization, matrices, polyacrylamide
Abstract: Immobilization, have been revealed since last decade as a very powerful tool to improve almost all enzyme properties like stability, activity, specificity and selectivity, reduction of inhibition. The immobilization may help to solve some of the problems of enzymes as industrial biocatalysts like enzyme recovery for reuse. In the present study 5 bacterial strains were isolated from alkaline soil collected from beach. These cells were screened for protease activity. The initial activity of the cell was measured. The strain having high activity was selected for immobilization. The microorganisms were immobilized in various matrices, such as ca-alginate, polyacrylamide, agar -agar and gelatin. The batch of 36 hrs was performed and the activity of the enzyme was measured for different matrices. The polyacrylamide showed the maximum enzyme activity. The batches were performed for 9 days to check the potential application and it was observed that the enzyme activity was high for first 6 days and later it started reducing.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56054
Title: Hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in Ghanaur block of district Patiala, Punjab, India
Author: Nibedita Ghosh, Madhuri Rishi and Renu Lata
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Groundwater quality, SAR, EC, hydrochemistry, Ghanaur
Abstract: The paper reports groundwater quality in Ghanaur Block of district Patiala, Punjab, India. It was observed the natural quality of groundwater is undoubtedly the result of number of physical, chemical and biological reactions as well as processes occurring to some degrees in the unsaturated as well as well as in the saturated zones. Groundwater is generally alkaline in nature with pH ranging between 7.6 and 9.2 with an average of 8.12. The EC of groundwater ranged from 650 ?S/cm to above 1840 ?S/cm with a mean of 1245? S/cm. Among cations, sodium was the most dominant cation followed by Ca & Mg. Among the anions, SO4 and Cl ion were found to be dominating in the water. From the above analysis, it is concluded that the groundwater in Ghanaur block of district Patiala is in general is suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes except for few locations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56053
Title: Efficiency of thermostable phytase isolated from Bacillus in degrading phytin
Author: Megha P M and K Panneer Selvam
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phytase, thermostable enzyme, phytin
Abstract: Phytase producing bacteria were isolated in media (phytase specific medium) with phytin only sources of phosphate carbon. Among the isolated strains, one identified as Bacillus sp has high phytas activities. The enzyme is produced extracellularly in the late stage of exponential growth i.e. after 20 hrs of incubation. The thermostable enzyme produced was very efficient in degrading phytin in different sources.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56052
Title: Changing patterns of pathogenic bacterial population in relation to physico-chemical properties of surface and ground water resources of Pamba river basin, Kerala, India
Author: Abin Varghese and Punnen Kurian
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: River Pamba, Sabarimala pilgrimage, bacterial pathogens, physico-chemical parameters
Abstract: Pamba, the third largest river in Kerala is starting from the foothills of Western Ghats and is exposed to millions of Sabarimala devotees, every year. Pamba river water and its adjoining drinking water resources (< 100mt) in upper and lower catchments of the river were evaluated for both bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters. A total of 21 pathogenic bacteria were obtained during peak pilgrimage season and 23 were isolated in post season, from river water, while from drinking water 19 pathogens were obtained during peak pilgrimage season and 18 species in post season. There is no significant change in pathogenic density and diversity in water resources even after pilgrimage season. A steady increase in bacterial density was observed from upper to lower catchments of the river. All the tested drinking water samples showed significantly high level of MPN, during peak pilgrimage season but comparatively less in post season. The changes in physico-chemical parameters have significant influence upon pathogenic population and poses serious public health threat both to the interactign community as well as downstream riverbank community.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56051
Title: Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluroscence potent microorganism for bioremediation of textile dyes
Author: B A Aglave, S N Patil, Ashwini Dashputre and Mrunalini Lotankar
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dye, bioremediation, coomassie brilliant blue, bromophenol blue, alcaligen, pseudomonas
Abstract: Pollution is increasing with alarming rate because of rapid industrialization. Textile and dyestuff industries are the major contributors to industrial pollutants, containing dyes. In India, today there are many textile industries which are on the verge of getting closed and some are already shut down due to problem of increasing dye pollution. Bioremediation is a low cost method available for raclaiming the soils, which have been polluted. Many bacterial and fungal species have been studied in this regard. The aim of our study was to isolate and identify the microorganisms from textile industrial effluent and soil, having potential to degrade the dyes present in wastewater. Bacterial isolates from effluent, normal soil and effluent treated soil along with some standard bacterial strains were subjected to decolorize dyes named Bromophenol blue and Coomassie brilliant blue. Also bacterial consortium was used which gave high percentage of decolourization for the dyes. For Coomassie brilliant blue dye Alcaligen, Rhizobacter, P. putida P fluorescene showed noticeable decolourization efficiency. P. putida, P. fluorescene, K aeruginosa and Alcaligen showed degradation efficiency for bromophenol blue dye. The results showed that the bacteria Pseudomonas species i.e. P. putida and P. fluorescence have potential application for bioremediation of dye-polluted water discharged from textile industries.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56050
Title: In vitro plant regeneration of Premna latifolia from nodal explants
Author: S P Anand, V Nandagopalan and R Jeyachandran
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Multiple shoot induction, plantlet regeneration, nodal explants, BAP, IAA, Premna latifolia, verbinaceae
Abstract: Nodal explants form Premna latifolia were used to produce multiple shoots on MS medium containing various concentrations of growth regulators. Among the combinations used, M S medium containing BAP (2 mg/L) was found to be best for induction of multiple shoots within 2 weeks of culture. The same concnetration was also seemed to be a promising one for shoot elongation. The elongated shoots were separated individually and transferred to rooting media containing different concentrations of IAA. The highest percentage of rooting was observed with IAA (1 mg/L) and maximum root length was recorded within the same medium. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the field after hardening.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56049
Title: An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Bathery taluk of Wayanad, Kerala, India
Author: Shyma Benny and A G Devi Prasad
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Ethnomedicine, therapeutic use, tribe, traditional medicine
Abstract: Present studies were carried out to investigate the ethno botanical profile of four major tribal groups namely Kurichia, Kuruma, Kattunaika and Paniya of Bathery taluk of Wayand district, Kerala. 52 medicinal plant species belonging to 35 families are used for different types of diseases like wound, ear pain, tooth ache, skin disease dysentery, urinary troubles diabetics, animal bite, bone frature, abortion, post delivery problems, menstrual problems and some veterinary diseases like mastitis, maggot wound and decreased milk production were recorded during the survey. The precious ethno botanical knowledge is disappearing very fast, so this study could be helpful in conserving the precious knowledge. To present the results of ethnobotanical field survey of Bathery taluk, Wayanad District, Kerala and to aware the people about their conservation and to awaken the researchers to discover new plant medicines. Direct interviews with traditional medical practitioners, collection of data, collection of plant specimens, preparation of herbariums, identification of plants with the help of experts, plant photo album preparation and documentation of data realted to therapeutic use, method of preparation of medicines etc. The results showed that Kuruma tribe dominates in traditional medicinal practices followed by Kattunaika, Kurichia and Paniya. The study presents information on the ethnobotanical uses of 50 species of plants belonging to 50 genera and 33 families. Among the 50 tribal remedies 22 remedies are reported for the first time in Kerala . In the present study we have documented Amorphophallus paeonifolius Var. Paeonifolius (Piles) and Nothapodytes nimmonia. (Sprain) are vulnerable, Pterospermum rubiginosum Rheumatism) and Rawlfia serpentina (Abdominal pain) are endemic. Raphidophora pertusa (Abdominal pain) is a threatened plant species. These plants are extensively used for the preparation of medicines for various common ailments in this area As a result of the present study, we recommend the plants listed in Table 1 for further phytochemical analysis and ethnopharmacological studies especially Amorphophallus paenoifolius Var. Paeonifolius, Nothapodytes nimmonia, Pterospermum rubiginosum, Rauvolfia serpentine and Raphidophora pertusa.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56048
Title: The antioxidant activity of ferulic acid n MPTP induced parkinson ' s disease in mice
Author: N Usha Rani and T Ananthi
Editor: P K Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 13, No 4, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Parkinson ' s disease, MPTP, Ferrulic acid, antioxidant activity
Abstract: Antioxidant defences appears to be depleted during Parkinson disease due to oxidative stress. Various alternative medicines are employed to be increase the endogenous antioxidant level. The aim of the pesent study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of ferrulic acid on the MPTP induced Parkinson disease in mice. The lipid peroxidation, activities of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, TBARS, GSH and GPX were measured. The levels of TBARS activities and SOD, CAT, were increased but the levels of GSH and its dependent enzyme GPx activity wer reduced in MPTP treated animals. The abnormalities caused by MPTP treatment is almost normalized by the treatment of Ferulic acid which may be due to its antioxidant effect.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None