ID: 56122
Title: Lipid composition in microalgal community under laboratory and outdoor conditions
Author: T V Ramachandra, L Sajina and G Supriya
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Microalgae, biofuel, outdoor microcosm, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy
Abstract: Microalgae are the most sought after sources for biofuel production due to their capacity to utilize carbon and synthesize it into high density liquid. Current energy crisis have put micralgae under scanner for economical production of biodiesel. Modifications like physiological stress and genetic variation is done to increase the lipid yield of the microalgae. A study was conducted using a mciroalgal consortium for a period of 15 days to evaluate the feasibility of algal biomass from laboratory as well as outdoor culture conditions. Native algal strains were isolated from a tropical freshwater lake. Preliminary growth studies indicated the relationship between the nitrates and phosphates to the community structure through the days. The lipid profile done using Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry, revealed the profile of the algal community. Resource competition led to isolation of algae, aided in the lipid profile of a single alga. However, further studies on the application of the mixed population are required to make this consortium approach economically viable for producing algae biofuels.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56121
Title: Study on the performance enhancement of lime mortar used in ancient temples and monuments in India
Author: P Thirumalini, R. Ravi, S K Sekar and M Nambirajan
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Lime mortar, herb, compression strength, Ancient building material
Abstract: Lime is arguably the world first true green and versatile building material. The traditional lime binder offers greater durability but less strong compared to cement. The objective of the study is to improve the strength parameters of lime using traditional herbs. Lime mortar prisms (mix proportion: 1:2 i.e., one part of ilme to 2 parts of sand) were cast after 15 days of fermentation with traditional herbal extract [aqueous extract of oonjalvallil (Cissus galuca Roxb), pananchikaai (Cochlospermum religiosum), kulamavu (Perssea macrantha), gallnut (Terminalia chebula) and palm jaggery (from Borassus flabellifer)] and tested for its Flexure, Tension and Compressive strengths. The lime mortar prism fermented with plain water was used as control. The transverse strength of herbal lime mortar (5% herbs) is 1.6 times greater than lime mortar fermented with plain water. Besides, there was an increase in the tensile strength by three folds, due to elastic nature of herbal lime mortar. The compressive strength is greatly enhanced up to 2.5 times on the addition of 5% herbs. This may be due to the fact that herbal extract enhanced the density of lime mortar by bringing the particles of lime mortar closer to each other, thereby producing a more compact mass. Traditional structures built with lime mortar, which are more than 4,000 years old like Mohanj0-Daro is still a heritage monument of Indian civilization. It is more appropriate t blend the traditional concept with modern structures. The present work may also help in reviving ancient monuments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56120
Title: Study of diabetes in Dharwad-an urban area in India
Author: Pushpa S Patil, Umesh R Dixit and Baru Dhruvkumar Hiralal
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Diabetes, epidemiology, India
Abstract: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is reaching epidemic levels worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of people with DM is expected to rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030, as a result of population ageing and urbanization. Majority of the people with DM in developing countries are in productive age group of 45 to 64 years. Keeping the above concept in mind, a cross sectional study was carried out in the Urban Health Training Centre to assess the socio demographic profile and its association with the risk factors of diabetes. Data was collected on a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire among the patients attending the urban centre OPD. Chi-square test and other appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis of the data. Significant association was found between family history, physical exercise and BMI with occurrence of diabetes. Life style and behaviour have significant association with diabetes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56119
Title: XRD analysis of calcium silicate coating on titanium alloy
Author: Manoranjan Kumar Singh
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Calcium silicate gel, titanium alloy, XRD tests, biomimetic coatings
Abstract: Application of calcium silicate gel is an effective and simple method in forming a well-defined apatite layer over a metallic surface. This paper describes a method to produce bioactive coatings on the surface of titanium alloy substrate. It is a biomimetic approach for coating hydroxyapatite on titanium alloy at ambient temperature. In the present study, coating is obtained by the use of CaO-SiO2 based glass as a possible source of nucleating agent of apatite formation. Ca-P is known to be one of the precursors during the bone mineralization process thereby it is of promising approach of biomimetic coatings for orthopaedic surgery. XRD results confirm the different phases are present in the coating. Scratch test results reveal the required adhesion strength of coating on titanium alloy.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56118
Title: Delineating groundwater potential zones in Thurinjapuram watershed using geospatial techniques
Author: M Kavitha Mayilvaganan, P Mohana and K B Naidu
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Groundwater, GIS, remote sensing, Thurinjapuram
Abstract: The search for new groundwater resource is essential to sustained economic development in arid environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate new water sources using remote sensing and GIS methods. The thematic layers considered in this study are Lithology, Geomorphology, Drainage, Soil, Lineament, Land use and surface water body, which were prepared using the IRS-P6 LISS-III satellite imagery and conventional data. In addition, soil and drainage maps were digitized from published maps. The thematic layers were finally integrated using ArcGIS V 9.2 software to yield a groundwater potential zone map of the study area. Thus, three different groundwater potential zones were identified, namely ' good ' , ' moderate ' and ' poor ' . This GIS based output result was validated using water level depth data collected from Institute of Water studies, PWD. Finally, it is concluded that the RS and GIS techniques are very efficient and useful for the identification of groundwater potential zones.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56117
Title: Design and development of electro-chemical water quality sensor
Author: J Kathivelan
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Electro-chemical sensor, cyclic voltammetry, voltammogram, potentiostat, water contamination
Abstract: It is essential to find out the concentration of impurities present in the contaminated water quantitatively to distinguish the different water samples. The principle goal of this research work is to develop and demonstrate the efficiency and capability of an electrochemical water quality monitoring sensor using cyclic voltammetric technique implemented with PIC16f877 microcontroller. To develop this advanced electro-chemical impurities sensing technique, a detailed analysis need to be carried out on different water samples. The experiment has been conducted on different water samples using the newly developed sensor and it could able to distinguish the water samples based on their corresponding voltammograms. The VIT tap water has got the highest current response of 0.04 Amps for a voltage sweep of +/- 2 Volts indicating higher contaminatin level when compared to all other water samples.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56116
Title: Fiber dimensions, physical and mechanical properties of five important hardwood plants
Author: Majid Kiaei and Ahmad Samariha
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Fiber, hardwood, log, plant, hornbeam, beech, ash, oak, Iran
Abstract: The wood fiber dimensions (fiber length, fiber width, cell wall thickness and lumen diameter), physical (oven-dry density) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression parallel to the grain) of five hardwood plants such as oak (Quercus castaneaefolia), beech (Fagus orientalis), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) were investigated. These trees are important plant species for wood production in Iran. Five normal trees of each plant species were selected in north part of Iran and log samples were cut between 2-4 m of stem height to determine the mentioned properties. The relationship between physical properties (wood density) and anatomical characteristics with mechanical strength traits were determined by Pearson correlation. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the types of plant species had significant effect on the different food properties. The highest of wood density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression parallel to the grain values were found in hornbeam, beech, ash, and oak, respectively. The lowest of mechanical strength properties was found in alder wood.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56115
Title: The quality control of diagnostic radiology devices in hospitals of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
Author: Mohammad Javad Keikhai Farzaneh, Mahdi Shirin Shandiz, Mojtaba Vardian, Mohammad Reza Deevband and Mohammad Reza Kardan
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: X-ray, radiology, quality control, patient dose, radiation protection, Sistan and Baluchestan
Abstract: One of the most significant factors in decreasing the radiation exposure dose is quality control and making sure of the quality of radiological devices. The aim of this study is to consider the quality control of nine radiological device in nine hospitals in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, so that the question can be answered whether radiological devices are in the best efficiency conditions or not and to assure about their appropriate function. This study was performed cross-sectional in the year 2009, and the DIAVOLT and the dosimeter device named DIADOSE made by PTW ' s company were used for conduction quality control experiment. For making this experiment practical, various parameters of quality control programs as output repeatability of X-ray tube, time accuracy, time repeatability, output linearity with mA, voltage accuracy, adapting the optical field with radiation field, being vertical of radiation field on the film and the filtration of the concerned devices based on the analyzable standards are implemented. Our finding reveals that six out of the nine devices have not the required standards for voltage accuracy and need mending. In addition, all the nine devices have defects concerning adaptation with optical field and radiation field and one of the devices has not also sufficient filtration. The quality control of the utilized radiological devices should be performed periodically and regularly and the defects of the devices should be removed in order to be assured of the appropriate function of the devices. Unfortunately, all the devices need mending because of lack of implementing the quality control program regularly, which indicates that the quality control programs should be extended regularly.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56114
Title: Calculation of maximum DG ' s capacity according to their location for remaining the protection coordination in distribution networks
Author: Seyed Ali Mohammad Javadian and Maryam Massaeli
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Distribution generation, energy, recloser, protective device, power
Abstract: Traditional electric distribution systems are radial in nature. These networks are protected by very simple protection devices such as over-current relays, fuses, and reclosers. Recent trends in distributed generation (DG) and its useful advantages perfectly can be achieved while the relevant concerns are deliberately taken into account. For example, penetration of DG disturbs the radial nature of conventional distribution networks. Therefore, protection coordination will be changed in some cases, and in some other cases it will be lost. In this paper, a new approach is presented for detemining the maximum capacity of DG for maintaining the coordination of distribution system ' s protection devices. In the suggested approach, the contribution of DGs in fault current is limited through considering mathematical equations of characteristics of protection devices. All steps from the beginning to the end were implemented on a simple distribution network using MATLAB and DlgSILENT Power Factory and finally the numberical results are presented in order to confirm the authenticity of suggested approach.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56113
Title: A fault location method in distribution networks including DG
Author: Seyed Ali Mohammad Javadian and Maryam Massaeli
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Distribution generation, distribution system, fault location, neural network
Abstract: Finding and designing new methods for determining type and exact location of faults in power system has been a major subject for power system protection. One of the main capabilities that can improve the efficiency of new protection relays in distribution systems is exact fault locating. In this paper, a new approach for determining the exact fault type and location in distribution systems including distributed generation using MLP neural networks is presented. In the suggested method, after determining the fault type, by normalizing the fault current of the main source, the corresponding trained neural network has been activated and the exact location of occurred fault has bben derived. The presented method has been implemented on a sample distribution network, simulated by DlgSILENT Power Factory 13.2, and its performance has been tested The simulation results show high performance and accuracy of the method and substantiate that it can be used in modern heuristic protection schemes in distribution systems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56112
Title: An adaptive overcurrent protection scheme for distribution networks including DG using distribution automation system and its implementation on a real distribution network
Author: Seyed Ali Mohammad Javadian and Maryam Massaeli
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Distribution system, distributed generation, protection, distribution automation, shiraz
Abstract: Recently, a great attention has been paid in applying Distributed Generation (DG) throughout electric distributio systems. Although DG has many advantages and benefits, it has to be applied after performing detailed investigations due to their complexities in operation, control and protection of network. One of the most considerable problems that arise, when DGs are used, is destructing efficiency and qualification of the existing protection system. The injected currents of DGs to a distribution network lead to not having a radial network anymore, and consequently network faces an inefficient protectin system that was formerly designed according to the existing philosophy behind the distribution network. In this paper, a new protection scheme has been presented to provide the distribution networks including DGs. The new approach, designed based on capabilities of Distribution Automation System (DAS), has been implemented using a computer-based relay which is installed in the sub-transmission substation. The proposed scheme has been implemented on some part of a real distribution network in Shiraz which is a large city in Iran and performance of the proposed scheme is tested on it. For simulating the distribution network and for implementing the relay algorithm, DlgSILENT Power Factory 13.2 and MATLAB are used respectively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56111
Title: The assessmetn of shielding status of conventional radiographic rooms according to the National Council on radiation protection reports No. 49 and No. 147 and recommendation to national and international authorities of radiation protection to prevent wasting shielding costs of conventional radiographic rooms
Author: Mohammad Javad Keikhai Farzaneh, Sabihe Farsi, Fatemeh Ramroodi, Mahdi Shirin Shandiz and Mojtaba Vardian
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Radiation protection, radiography room, shielding, NCRP, Sistan and Baluchestan
Abstract: A decade after the invention of X-ray machines, radiographic rooms shielding became one of the major concerns of the scientists related to radiation, so that after 100 years after the invention of X-ray machines, there are still some discussions in national and international reports concerning this issue. One of the significant reports is that of National Council on Radiation Protection, so that in the reports No. 49 and 147, this council paid comprehensive attention to radiography rooms shielding. In this study, the reports No. 49 and 147 of NCRP was invoked, and considering the radiographic rooms design under study and also radiographic devices profiles used in each radiographic room, the shielding needed to each radiographic room was separately calculated and evaluated according to the reports No. 49 and 147 of NCRP. In the next step, the calculated shielding thickness for each radiographic room compared with the shielding used in each radiographic room, and some recommendations presented for preventing wasting the finance resources along with proper shielding of radiographic rooms. For this purpose, the number of exposures to each radiographic room along with the amounts of mAs and kvp used for each patient collected for 6 months for calculating the shielding needed for each radiographic room, and the workload data was precisely determined for each device. In the next stage, the shielding thickness needed for each radiographic room was calculated in two ways: 1. According to the NCRP report No. 49, and 2. According to the NCRP report No.147. The calculated shielding thickness was eventually compared with the shielding thickness used in each radiographic room. This study show that the shielding thickness used in radiographic rooms under study is usually higher than calculated needed shielding, so that building thickness of radiographic rooms under study has been sufficient for required shielding and there was no need to lead knocking the rooms. The accurate calculation of shielding needed for radiographic rooms according to national and international recommendations causes the radiation protection principles to be observed and also the national capitals wasting prevented. In this study, the unnecessary shielding costs of radiographic rooms is nearly 10000$ in only six radiographic centers under study, which cause a large part of the national capital to be wasted at the macro level.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56110
Title: Evaluation of image quality and patient dose in conventional radiography examinations in radiology centers in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran and comparing with that of international guidelines levels
Author: Mohammad Javad Keikhai Farzaneh, Mahdi Shirin Shandiz, Mojtaba Vardian, Mohammad Reza Deevband and Mohammad Reza Karden
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Radiology, Radiography, x-ray, ESAK, patient dose, quality control, hospital, Sistan and Baluchestan
Abstract: The major means of exposure to man-made sources of radiation is due to diagnostic examinations with X-ray . In the current research, for making practical the programs of reducing the patient ' s absorbed dose and increasing the quality of radiographic images in Sistan and Baluchestan hospitals, the patients surface dose and image quality were evaluated. In the first stage of experiment, the image quality and the cause of low quality of images was evaluated for a period of one month, and the patient dose for 10 adults in 7 projection were calculated in this study. Then the quality control tests were conducted to determine the equipment failures and provide appropriate corrective actions. Subsequently in the second stage of study, the image quality and patients dose wee compared with the first stage of experimental data. The ESAK mean for all the centers, before and after implementing the quality control program was achieved as 0.48 +0.30 and 0.37 +0.20 for chest (anterior-posterior), 3.4 +1.67 and 3.13+ 1.25 for lumbar spine (anterior-posterior), 8.81+7.72 and 7.56+5.99 for lumbar spine (lateral), 3.56 +1.85 and 3.34 +1.74 for the abdomen (anterior-posterior), 2.79 +1.40 and 2.71 +1.24 for pelvis (anterior-posterior), 2.27 +1.43 and 2.1+1.25 for the skull (anterior -posterior) and 1.50+0.87 and 1.43+0.76 for the skull (lateral), respectively (the data are based on mGy). The radiographic images quality was also increased between 0 to 10% after implementing quality control program. Results obtained show that a quality control program to reduce patient dose and increase radiographic image qualityis necessary to ensure that all radiological examinations are performed under the terms of less received dose for the patients and the recieved images have good quality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56109
Title: Fuzzy logic controller for traffic signal controller unit system and modeling with colored petri net
Author: Behnam Barzegar
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Fuzzy traffic signal, color petri net, Fuzzy logic, traffic light
Abstract: We offer an intellectual fuzzy system for traffic management in which the traffic signal at an intersection is controlled in such a way that it minimizes the stop time thereby implementing better performance. We also offer a solution controlling intersections prioritizing the paths. This solution starts with sending time variable to the control center.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56108
Title: A new method on resource management in grid computing systems based on QoS and semantics
Author: Behnam Barzegar, Habib Esmaeelzadeh and Hossein Shirgahi
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2011
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee), Vol 4, Issue 11, November 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Quality of Service, band width, semantic, Grid computing, resource management
Abstract: Resource management is very important and complex problems in grid computing environment. The resource management problem becomes complex when resources are distributed geographically, heterogeneous, dynamic and autonomous. There is a need to a grid that responds to various requests more quickly. In this paper, we have proposed a new method to optimize resource grouping based on Quality of Services (QoS) criteria such as delay, band width and semantics in order to select the resources more quickly and appropriately. These results show that the proposed method provides better results than existing approaches.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None