ID: 56287
Title: None
Author: K G Bhattacharya
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: None
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: None
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56286
Title: Palms of Karnataka
Author: K G Bhattacharya
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: None
Publisher: None
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: None
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56285
Title: Arsenic toxicity in potable water: Hazards and management
Author: Jain J K and Gupta Nidhi
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Arsenic, toxicity, potable water, Hazards, management
Abstract: Arsenic removal technologies are highly important to irradicate the physical and mental health problems and their social impacts among the arsenic affected victims of the society. This article highlights the important efforts made by various researchers to remove the arsenic from potable water. The article covers teh literature from 1990 to 2008.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56284
Title: Treatment of acrylonitrile production effluent by an advanced oxidation process
Author: Zhang Jie, Ni Ming, Ran Xiangiang, Xue Binjie, Liu Xianghu and Fan Jianwei
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Acrylonitrile wastewater, Fenton process, TOC, COD, removal efficiency
Abstract: Fenton process can produce OH radical and other active oxygen with existence of H2O2 and Fe2+. In this paper pretreatement of acrylonitrile manufacturing wastewater by Fenton process was studied. Effects of dose of H2O2, pH value and ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 on removal efficiency of TOC and CODcr were investigated. Experimental results showed that highest TOC and CODcr removal efficiency were acquired at pH 3.0, with 5.54 g/L H2O2 and Fe2+/H2O2 ratio about 0.1. In addition, BOD5/CODcr value increased from 0.18 to 0.61 which meant that Fenton process also increased susceptibility of wastewater to microorganism degradation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56283
Title: Characterizatin of an iron-rich kaolinite clay and its application as heterogeneous catalyst for the microwave-mediated dry synthesis of N-containing heterocycles
Author: Phukan Kandarpa, Jain Anamika and Devi Nirada
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: N-containing heterocycles, kaolinite clay, microwave, solvent-free condition, urea, formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, 1,2- and 1,3 - diketones
Abstract: A number of five and six- membered heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atmos have been synthesized in a simple and environmentally benign method from the reaction of urea, formaldehyde or benzaldehyde and a 1,2- or 1,3 -diketone using a locally available natural clay as solid heterogeneous acidic catalyst and microwaves under solvent-free conditions in good yields and short reaction times. Characterization of the clay usign XRD, SEM-EDXRA, thermal analysis, FT-IR spectra and elemental analyis revealed it to be an iron rich clay with kaolinite as the major component. The present method has the specificity that naturally available clay can be used as catalyst after simple mechanical treatment instead of more costly commercial clays. Further it has many obvious advantages over those reported in the literature including high efficiency, comparable yields with the commercial clays catalysts, cost efficiency, operational simplicity, environmental benignity, and the possibility of recycling the solid clay. The solid clay catalyst used in the first cycle of reactions was successfully recovered and reused in the second cycle, showing a gradual decrease in activity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56282
Title: Synthesis and characterization of tamarind anthranilic acid (TAA) resin and its role in removal of toxic metal ions from effluent of Jackson paint industry, Jodhpur, India
Author: Singh A V, Monalisa and Singh Rakesh
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Ion exchange capacity, distribution coefficient, quantitative separations
Abstract: A new tamarind based resin containing anthranilic acid group has been synthesized and its adsorption behavior for toxic metal ions has been investigated b batch and column experiments. Anthranilic acid group has been incorporated into tamarind by a modified Porath ' s method of fucntionalisation of polysaccharides. The tamarind anthranilic acid (TAA) resin can selectively separate toxic metal ions which are present in industrial wastewater. The TAA resin was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis techniques. The distribution coefficient value of metal ions at different pH was also studied using batch equilibrium method.
The effects of pH and adsorbent dose on the removal of metal ions from industrial eflfuent was investigated. On the other hand, the physical property of TAA resin was also studied. On the basis of the distribution coefficient, this material was successfully used for the quantitative separations of metal ion using column method. The removal of metal ions from industrial effluent by TAA resin follows the order: Cu (II)>Cr(III)>Zn(II)>Cd(II)>Pb(II). The resin is amenable for continuous process and can be regenerated several times.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56281
Title: Analysis of the carbofuran pesticide residue in the banana planted soil of Wayanad district, Kerala
Author: Devasia M J and Madhu G
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Carbofuran, soil pollution, HPLC, environmental impact, pesticide
Abstract: Wayanad is a fertile highland of greenery in Kerala state. It is noted for its less atmospheric pollution compared to other parts of the state. Most of the people in Wayanad depend on agriculture for their living. However, recently unscientific and increased use of harmful pesticides in banana plantation is noted in the district in connection with efforst of the farmers to enhance the productivity. This resulted in the boosted production but also in the tragic increase in the number of cancer patients, according to recent surveys. The present study was undertaken to detect and estimate the amount of the carbofuran in the banana planted soil of Wayanad district. The locations for the collection of the soil samples were selected on the basis of two factors such as the extent of use and soil types of widely varying physico-chemical properties.
The recovery of carbofuran from the soil varied form 11.7 to 43.76 mg/L. Extraction and quantification of pesticide residues from the soil was carried out by using optimized cleaning procedures and concentration methods using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Most of the soil samples contained carbofuran in varying concentrations. The amount of carbofuran retained from the soil from five different places in the district varied in the order Periya>Varayal>Vengoor>Alattil>Thavinjal. This result could be very well correlated with the organic matter content of the soil from the respective place. Other factors such as manuring of the soil, moisture content, climatic conditions and temperature (below 350C) etc. were also examined for possible correlations but none of them was found to be directly influencing the presence adn persistence of carbofuran in the soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56280
Title: Synthesis and characterization of polyurethanes of 2,4-Toluene di isocyanate with multifunctional chromophores in the main chain
Author: Sudheesh Kumar K
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Photosensitive polyurethane, bis(azo), bis (o-nitrobenzyl)
Abstract: A series of photosensitive polyurethanes with multifunctional chromophores, viz. bis(azo) and bis (o-nitrobenzyl) groups, were synthesized by polyaddition reactions of diols such as bis (4-hydroxyphenylazo)-2,2 ' -dinitrodiphenylmethane, 4-hydroxy-3-methylphenylazo-4 ' -hydroxy-phenylazo-2,2 ' -dinitrodiphenyl-methane and bis (4-hydroxy-3-methylphenylazo)-2,2 ' -dinitro-diphenylmethane with 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) in the presence of di-n-butyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. All of them were characterized by IR, UV-VIS, ' H NMR and 13C NMR spectra, DSC and GPC.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56279
Title: Superheated water extraction (SWE): A potential ' green ' extraction technique for natural dyes
Author: Tajuddin R, Tumin S M , Muda K and Abd Razak N
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Superheated water extraction, natural dyes, dyeing, colour fastness, environmental friendly
Abstract: Most of the natural dyes used for dyeing fabrics were extracted from plants using conventional boiling method with water which required long extraction time and plenty of water. In this study, a rapid and eco-friendly extraction method using superheated water (SWE) with regard to the amount and quality of dyestuff from several selected plants is introduced. SWE method employed water at different elevated temperatures as the extraction solvent for the natural dyes, using a fabricated extractor system whereby an HPLC pump was used to feel the water into an extraction cell placed in a Gas Chromatography oven. This method was then compared with boiling method which is commonly used in textile dyeing. The results showed that a more concentrated sample extract with higher intensity of colour was produced by SWE compared to boiling method. The silk fabric dyed with sample extract obtained by SWE gave a more intense colour shade and has comparable colour fastness on washing and rubbing based on Malaysian Standard Testing Method (MS ISO 105). SWE has the potential to be introduced in textile dyeing as it is rapid, simple and inexpensive to perform and is enviornmental friendly.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56278
Title: The mathematical model of bubble size based on the Bubble Nucleation Theory in the process of Air-Flotation
Author: Jiao Binquan and Liu Jin
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Bubble, Nucleation, electrolytic bubble, mathematical model, electroflotation
Abstract: Electroflotation is widely used in industrial waste water treatment. The pollutant removal efficiency is largely dependent on the size of the bubbles formed in the processes of electroflotation. Unlike dissolved air flotation and spraying air flotation, the electrolytic bubble is formed through the gas which was emitted on some contact interface according to the Bubble Nucleation Theory which is essentially different from the orifice bubble ' s formation. Therefore, it is difficult to follow the traditional conclusions of hydrodynamics in the research of bubbles produced in processes of electroflotation. In this paper, the Mathematical Model of Electrolytic Bubble Size was established based on the Bubble Nucleation Theory. A contrast analysis on experimental result showed that under low current the bubble size could be calculated through Mathematical Model.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56277
Title: Derivative spectrophotometric determination of Ruthenium (III) using Diacetyl Monoxime Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (DMIH)
Author: Reddy ChandraSekhar G, Devanna N and Chandrasekhar K B
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Diacetyl Monoxime Isonicotinoylhydrozone (DMIH), derivative spectrophotometry, Ruthenium (III)
Abstract: Ruthenium (III) forms a purple coloured water soluble complex with Diacetyl Monoxime Isonicotinoylhydrazone (DMIH) reagent in acidic buffer pH 4.5 with ?max at 346 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell ' s sensitivity are 1.4 x 104L.mol-1. cm-1 and 0.0048 ?g/cm2 respectively. The Beer ' s law validity range is 0.505 to 6.06 ?g/ml. Ruthenium (III) forms (M:L) 1:1 complex with DMIH. Stability constant of the complex is 2.694 x 106. The derivative spectrophotometric determination of Ru(III) was carried out by mesuring peak height method. The developed derivative spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of Ruthenium (III) is synthetic samples of alloy and river water samples. The effect of various diverse ions is also studied.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56276
Title: Photo-catalytic degradation of red HE8B dye by TiO2 in visible light
Author: Jain Sukumal and Khandelwal R K
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Semiconductor, sunlight, pH, concentration of dye, bleaching of dye, red HE8B dye, Tio2,each
Abstract: The photo catalytic degradation of red HE8B dye was studied using TiO2 as semidconductor. Visible light was used as the source of energy. The effects of various parameters like amount of semiconductor, pH, dye concentration etc. on the photo degradation were investigation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56275
Title: Anaerobic oxidation of ferrous iron by microbial mixture and its potential to remove mercury and nitrate from the groundwater
Author: Wu Guangyang, Zhang Daoyong and Pan Xiangliang
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Dentrification, Fe(II) oxidation, anaerobic oxidation, mercury removal, bioremediation
Abstract: Groundwater contaminated by nitrate and heavy metals was an important and cosmopolitan environment problem especially in the rural area. However, there are no efficient techniques to remove nitrate and heavy metals simultaneously at present. In this study a mixture of microorganisms was enriched from the sediments of anaerobic aquifer. Experiments demonstrated that the mixture has the ability to reduce nitrate to nitrite and gaseous end product N2 using Fe (II) as the electron donor in anaerobic condition. At the same time, the Fe(II) was oxidized to Fe (III) minerals. The microbial mixture and biogenic Fe(III) minerals habe the ability to adsorb mercury ions. In this study, soluble mercury was reduced from 20 ?g L-1 to 2.11?g L-1 t.11?g L-1 in 7 days of incubation in the presence of the microbial mixture and biogneic Fe(III) minerals. This suggests that nitrtrate and soluble mercury were directly of indirectly removed through the anaerobic oxidation of Fe(II) by AFODN.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56274
Title: Differential action of mercury and lead ions on the stability of lipid-protein organization of photosynthetic assembly
Author: Panda Sunakar, Panda Sumita Kumari and Dash A K
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Toxic metal ions, isolated chloroplasts, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: Differential actions of two toxic metal ions namely mercury ions (Hg2+ - ion) and lead ion (Pb2+- ion) on the stability of lipid protein organization of isolated chloroplasts have been investigated during the photo incubation of the organelle in an isotonic buffer medium. The stability is monitored by studying changes in the composition of photosynthetic pigments, proteins and lipid peroxidation products and also alternations in the absorption and emission characteristics of the organelle. Both the toxic metal ion induce thylakoids membrane lipid peroxidation and bring about a drastic modification of both structural and functional characteristics as evident from blue shift of absorption peaks, lowering of chlorophyll-a fluorescene and loss of photosynthetic potential.
It is quite interesting to note that although (Hg2+ - ion) accelerate the degradation of photosynthetic pigments and proteins, Pb2+ -ion retards the same. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain differential actions of two different toxic metal ions. Hg2+-ion induced disorganization has been attributed to binding of the cation to thylakoid surface, cation induced generation and entry of reactive oxygen species and poor stacking ability of the cation. But teh detrimental effects of Pb2+ - ion are explained in terms of cation specific activation of lipases through calmodulin and higher tendency of the cation to cause stacking.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56273
Title: Reversed phase partition chromatographic separation of La (III) from Picric acid on Poly [dibenzo-18-crown-6]
Author: Mahanwar K R, Sabale S R, Madane N S, Nikam G H and Mohite B S
Editor: Dr. Shankar Gargh
Year: 2011
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, Vol 15 (1), March 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Picric acid, La (III), Reverse phase partition chromatographyy, separation
Abstract: A simple method has been developed for the separation of La(III) in picric acid medium. The effects of picric acid concentration, different eluting agent, foreign ions etc, were studied and the optimum conditions were established. The capacity of poly[dibenzo-18-crown-6] for La(III) was found to be 1.15 + 0.01 mmolg-1 of crown polymer. The separation of La(III), Th(IV), U(VI), Ba(II) in multicomponent mixtures has been achieved. The method was extended for determination of La(III) in real sample. The method is simple, rapid and selective with good reproducibility (approximately + 2%)
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None