ID: 56347
Title: Advancing the diffusion of digital spatial data handling for upgrade of decision support for the regional environmental managers
Author: Nasrin Baby and Jim Peterson
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Digital spatial data, GIS, decision support, data directory
Abstract: History shows that form time to time. progress in advancing functionally in one or other of these requirements has contained the diffusion and adoption process. In Australia, at present, it is adoption yb third-tier grovernment agencies and local organisations that is such that the biggest gap between potential and actual deployment is exhibited. Especially, can it be argued from a survey of local-area (e.g LGA, DSE regional offices) GIS Lab data processign practice, that there is a lack of data flow coherence. This paper presents results of an analysis of the relative significance of constraints upon adoption of the full power of digital spatial data handling with coherence in the service of the PINP and related organisations. The coherence problem is shown to be overcome by adopting a data directory model including well-trailed data dictionaries. The biggest constraint is shown to be access to adequate software for data sharing and maintenance; mainly a problem of finding the funds to pay proprietary software license fees. Although this is not unusual, it is shown that recent advances in efforts to promote data sharing and spatial data visualisation, worldwide (in the form of open-source software) promise a revolution in the construction of detailed geographies (time and space) such that transparency and utility are greatly improved, and the user-base of the digital spatial databse can greatly increase in size extending itself to include many naive users. Exemplification is made using several decision support tasks faced by Philip Island natural park rangers, Shire environment officers and community LANDCARE groups. GIS, empowering the regional environmental managers in the interest of maximising the value of spatial information and the implementation of public policy promoting diffusion of digital spatial data handling and transparency in government. This main aim of this paper is the out-reach web GIS for regional environmetnal managers.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56346
Title: Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and content of leaf pigments in Cajanus cajan (L)
Author: Kailash P Patel and Kalpesh M Patel
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Cadmium-induced changes, Cajanus cajan, Antioxidant enzymes, leaf pigments
Abstract: Experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (10 ppm, 20 ppm and 30 ppm) on antioxidant enzyme activities and leaf pigment content of Cajanus cajan. Content of chlorophyll - a, chlorophyll - g, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids in primary leaves of Cajanus cajan was decreased with increase in cadmium concentration. Chlorophyll-b was more sensitive than chlorophyll-a to cadmium stress. Activities of enzymes such as CAT and POD were enhanced with increase in cadmium treatment. More increase was observed in leaves as compared to root and stem.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56345
Title: Environmental geological baseline study of Obite gas plant, Eastern Niger delta, Nigeria
Author: P O Youdeowei and H O Nwankwoala
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Obite gas plant, Geological baseline study, boreholes, overburden
Abstract: In this study, a total of six (6) boreholes were sunk with rotary drilling equipment to depths of about 60 ft (about 18.30 m) for BH1, BH2 and BH3. Boreholes 4, 5 and 6 were drilled to 13.6 m, 12.60 m and 12.20 m, respectively. The measured static water levels fall between 4.45m, 3.75m, 0.94m, 6.30m, 6.10m and 6.20m for BH 1, BH 2, BH 3, BH 4, BH 5 and BH 6, respectively. All the boreholes are overlain by a reddish brown; fine grained, silty clay overburden of 3.00 m to 4.60 m in thickness. This is followed by a thinner stratum of dark brown, fine-medium grained, clayey sand in BH4 and BH5, which is absent in BH 6. Another layer of silty clay underlies this formation in both the boreholes with a 0.9m thickness of clayey sand in BH 4 preceding the sand and gravelly sand aquifer. There is a less measure of uniformity in lithostratigraphic correlation between BH 6 and the other two boreholes located within proximate vicinity. Below the overlying silty clay soil, BH 6 records a rhythmic succession of loose sand and medium to very coarse, and moderately plastic, gravelly silty clay intercalations, before the aquifer (gravelly sand) is encountered. With respect to the area, the subsruface drainage pattern is multi-directional from north-east to the south-west and vice versa, with the migration being more inclined west-wards towards the location of BH3, which records the lowest depth to water table. Leachates introduced at a given point in the area will migrate as pollution plumes along these flow paths.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56344
Title: Isolation, characterisation and enhanced amylase activity of a chlorpyrifos degrading bacterial strain, Bacillus stearothermophillus
Author: K Savitha and D N Saraswathi Raman
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Amylase activity, chlorpyrifos, Bacillus stearothermophillus
Abstract: In the present investigation a bacterial strain was isolated from agricultural soil samples polluted with insecticide chlorpyrifos, and the growth pattern was determined. Characteristic feature of the strain indicates that it belongs to the genus Bacillus and species stearothermophillus. The amylase activity was studied in the presence and absence of the pollutant and it was found that the bacterium growth in the presence of the pollutant showed a significant increase in the enzymatic activity by 140 ?g/g/min.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56343
Title: Pollutants generated from pharmaceutical processes and microwave assisted synthesis as possible solution for their reduction- A mini review
Author: Ghazala Yaqub, Almas Hamid and Saira Iqbal
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Pharmaceutical process, pollutants, solvents, microwave technology
Abstract: In this review artical we have briefly summarized the pharmaceutical processes and the pollutants i.e., VOCs and other air emissions from reactors and distillation assemblies, polluted solvents released in water and solid wastes etc. generated due to conventional processes involved in preparation of pharmaceuticals. Medicines are prepared for the better health and to decrease the mortality rate in human beings but the conventional processes involved in preparation of these pharmaceuticals generate chemical and thermal pollution in environment, thus, giving rise to some other severe health impacts and ultimately increase the disease and mortality rate in human beings. Thus, we have discussed the sustainable technology of microwave as possible solution for the preparationof pharmaceuticals without the generation of pollutants. Some practical examples for the preparation of pharmaceuticals via microwave and conventional processes are also discussed and compared herein showing the benefits of using microwave technology over conventional process in terms of better yield and ecofriendly approach without using hazardous solvents.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56342
Title: Water quality assessment of various forms of rainwater and statistical studies on physico-chemical characteristics of stormwater in Coimbatore, India
Author: Manoj P Samuel, S Senthilvel and A C Mathew
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, Water quality assessment, Roofwater, stormwater
Abstract: Rain water harvesting, irrespective of the technology used, essentially means harvesting and storing water in days of abundance, for use in lean days. It has been construed as the most sustainable method for managing water scarcity situations, incorporating all type of water demands. Though rainwater is considered as a contamination free source, human activities particularly in the industrial and agricultural sectors pollute this pure form of water. The quality of various forms of rainwater, viz. direct rainfall, rooftop water and stormwater were assessed by analysing various physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical characteristics of stormwater were further subjected to statistical and correlation analyses. The results showed that the direct rainwater samples collected wee pure and safe as drinking water. The surface stormwater runoff samples collected from the study location, which is mainly an urban and industrialised catchment, contained undesirable amount of sediment load and other chemical parameters; most of them are not within safe limits for drinking and irrigation use. The electrical conductivity and sediment concentration in samples collected from roofs were slightly above the desirable limit for drinking purpose. The mean, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of various physico-chemical parameters of stormwater were computed and compared. Similarly correlation coefficients were worked out to find out the relationship amongst physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples and a large number of significant correlations were obtained.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56341
Title: Biodegradation of domestic fuel oil from contaminated soil using indigenous microorganims
Author: Z Poorgholamali Davarani, M H Sayadi, H Alaei and Y Van De Steene
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bioremediation, domestic fuel oil, native microorganims, soil pollution
Abstract: Biodegradation of hydrocarbons by natural population of microorganims represents one of the primary mechanisms by which petroleum and other hydrocarbon pollutants are eliminated from the environment. The polluted soil was taken from a historically contaminated site which is located in Ghent, Belgium. The experiment was carried out under different temperatures and nutrient conditions and aerobic biodegradation was estimated by measuring CO2 production from the mciroorganisms. The results clearly revealed that high temperature enhances the biodegradation of domestic fuel oil in comparison to the low temperature and also adding a low amount of nutrients having higher biodegradation efficiency.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56340
Title: Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminium fluoride to flora and fauna in a microcosm
Author: Shraddha Jain, Shweta Sharma, Aruna Rajawat, Neha Upreti, Subhasini Sharma and K P Sharma
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Acute and chronic toxicity, aluminium fluoride, microcosm, plankton, snail, fish
Abstract: During acute toxicity study of aluminium fluoride, Daphnia similis L. was found to be the most sensitive organism (EC50 = 108.06 ppm) followed by Gambusia affinis Baird and Gerard (LC50 = 354.0 ppm) and Lemna aequinoctialis L. (EC50 for chlorophyll = 358.7 ppm). The exposure (60 days) of producers and consumers at its sub-lethal concentration (35.4 ppm) casted toxic effects on them in artificial microcosms raised in the greenhouse. There was reduction in chlorophyll content (19-39%), dry weight (16%), acid phosphatase (ACP) (56%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (14%) and protein content (53%) of Ceratophyllum demersum L. The reduction in species richness (40%) and phytoplankton counts (counts = 47-54%) was significant during the study period while zooplankton counts (30%) in the first half of the study (day - 30). Snail mortality was fouind nil while that of fish was moderate (37%). Their tissue biochemistry (ACP, ALP and protein content) was, however, altered significantly suggesting them to be under stress. ALF3 also had cytotoxic effects in fish decreasing RBC counts (19%) and causing morphological abnormalities. From these findings, we conclude that there are significant toxic effects of aluminium fluoride to organims in the food web of aquatic ecosystems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56339
Title: Toxicological evaluation and usefulness of lipid peroxidation as biomarker of exposure to crude oil and petroleum products tested against African catfish, Clarias garjepinus and Hermit crab, Clibanarius africanus
Author: Michael A King, Temitope O Sogbanmu, Adesola O Osibona, F Doherty and Adebayo A Otitoloju
Editor: Prof K P Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (1), March 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Enviornment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: None
Abstract: The toxicological evaluation of crude oil, petrol, kerosene and diesel were carried out against the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings and Hermit crab (Clibanarius africanus). On the basis of 96 hr LC50 value, petrol (LC50 = 2.449 mL/L) was found to be the most toxic followed by diesel (LC50 = 7.839 mL/L)50, kerosene (LC50 = 8.095 mL/L), and crude oil (LC50 = 9.355 mL/L) to Clarias gariepinus. For Clibanarius africanus also, petrol (LC50 = 4.569 mL/L) was the most toxic followed by kerosene (LC50 = 8.705 mL/L), diesel (LC50 = 13.852 mL/L) and (LC50 = 35.955 mL/L). On the basis of the computed susceptibility factor, hermit crab was found to be 2x, 2x, 6.1x and slightly more tolerant than catfish when exposed to petrol, diesel, crude oil and kerosene respectively. The results of the lipid peroxidation assay against juveniles of C. gariepinus showed that the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of all the test chemicals increased significantly when compared to control animals. The observed increase in MDA levels in the liver tissues of test animals exposed to crude oil and refined petroleum products was recommended as a good biomarker for early detection of oil related pollution during biomonitoring programmes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56338
Title: Knowledge and perception of water quality models
Author: T V Mallesh, S M Prakash and L Prasanna Kumar
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Koggala lagoon, salt water intrusion, water quality, groyne
Abstract: Water quality models are tools for simulating the movement of precipitation and pollutant from the surface through pipe and channel networks, storage, treatment units and finally to receiving waters (Brown and Barnwell, 1987). In the present study, an attempt is made to know the level of knowledge and perception on water quality models by potential users. In this context 113 potential users were selected to measure their ability to understand the fundamentals of water quality modeling. The association between knowledge and perception of the potential users with variables such as age, level of education and experience were determined by chi square test and it was found that results are highly associated with knowledge and perception.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56337
Title: Microbial retting of jute bast fibre using aerobic sequencing batch reactor
Author: Krishnan Vijayaraghavan and Dhas Nirmal Stephen
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Microbial retting, jute, bast fibre, tenacity, geotextile fibre, sequencing batch reactor
Abstract: This article focusses on the microbial retting of jute bast fibres under aerobic condition using sequencing batch reactor. Retting operation was carried out for varying time period namely 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days respectively. The optimum retting period was judged based on the characteristics of the retted fibre with respect to fibre fineness, tenacity, modulus, strain at break and linear density. The morphological characteristic were visualized based on the scanning electron microscope image. As the retting period increased the fineness of the fibre improved; however based on the tenacity (0.468 N/tex) and modulus (50.23 N/tex) a 25 - day retting period was found to be optimum in this present study. The predominant microbial species present in the jute retting liquor were found to be species of Bacillus, Clostridium, Aspergillus and Mucor. As the current method of retting operation was carried out under aerobic condition, the emission of green house gas doesn ' t arise. Moreover the wash water arising due to rinsing of retted fibre was recycled, thereby achieving a zero discharge concept.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56336
Title: Long-term changes of rainwater quality in the Industrial corridor of Visakhapatnam, India
Author: Somu Naidu Yellapu and Kavitha Chandu
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Rainwater quality, industrial corridor
Abstract: The industrial expansion during the twenty -year period of 1983 to 2003 had shown its impact on rainwaters of Visakhapatnam. The ionic contents of SO4, NH4, NO3, Ca, Na and Cl along with pH and electrical conductivity are analysed for the rainwaters of Visakhapatnam industrial corridor during the period. The analysis shows that the atmospheric dust is more in summer rains than in the post-monsoon period, when the same had been washed down. However, unabated increase of air pollution over the two decades is indicated by the steady rise of conductivity of rainwater. The ratio between Ca+ + NH4+ and NO3_ + SO4- shows values consistently less than one, indicating the rise of acidic nature, in spite of the neutralization due to alkalien agents like Ca and NH4. Gradual decline of pH of rainwater forecasts an impending acidic rain in near - future.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56335
Title: Upgradation of Sewage Treatment facility of Pune and Pimpri-Chichwad city: A step towards sustainable development
Author: S N Tirthakar and C H Vinaykumar
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Master Plan 2025, activated sludge process (ASP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids, fluidized aerobic bioreactor (FAB) technology, sequential batch reactor (SBR)
Abstract: About 80 percent of the water supplied to consumers in Indian cities gets converted into sewage. The metros, major cities and towns together generate about 20,000 million litres of wastewater (sewage) per day. About 50 to 70 percent of the pollution load of rivers and streams is from domestic sewage. Sources of fresh water are getting exhausted and development of new water resources is cost intensive and time consuming. Since water stored in dams and lakes is the main source of water for urban population, it is to be conserved, collected after its use and treated before it is discharged into the nearby water bodies. Sustainable development is necessity of the present world for every industry. Wastewater treatment industry is not an exceptional for this; in fact it is primary need for conservation of natural water sources. To prevent the degradation and to maintain the quality of water in the rivers, the sewage generated from cities is to be treated before its disposal into the nearby river. The treated sewage can be used for secondary purposes like gardening, agriculture, industrial reuse and recreational fields. The paper discusses the integrated approach in decentralised planning, designing and execution of new sewage treatment plants of Pune and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation for sewage treatment and disposal.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56334
Title: Water quality status of river Sabarmati within Ahmedabad city
Author: V K Srivastava and Chintan Pathak
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: water quality, physico-chemical and biological parameters, environmental impact, river Sabarmati, Ahmedabad city
Abstract: With the rise of the environmental protection movement, greater emphasis has been given to the water quality safeguarding in terms of minimizing water pollution and thereby reducing the environmental impact to mature. The contamination and availability of clean water plays an important role in meeting the demand of domestic, industry and agriculture. The fresh river water is depleting at a much faster rate. The study aims at the assessment of water quality of the river Sabarmati within Ahmedabad city. Total six sampling stations have been selected for river water sample collection. Various parameters like pH, TDS, DO, BOD and TC were being analyzed as per the prescribed method of GPCB. Discussion also emphasises on the toxicological impacts of various pollutants to the human health as well as environment and minimize potential environmental impacts of them. From this study, we concluded that the water quality of river Sabarmati is getting contaminated with impurities and it requires certain water treatments so that it can be directly used for drinking purpose although it is found suitable for agricultural purpose.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56333
Title: Saltwater intrusion and its impact on Koggala lagoon and associated waters, Southern coast of Sri Lanka
Author: H B Jayasiri and D D G L Dahanayaka
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 2, April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Koggala lagoon, salt water intrusion, water quality, groyne
Abstract: Saltwater intrusion is a major coastal management problem which leads to the destruction of fishery, breeding grounds and habitat. Several dykes and water regulatory systems have been implemented to prevent salt water intrusion and to regulate water level in the catchment area in the Koggala lagoon. The groyne built at the lagoon mounth helped to keep the outlet open throughout the year for better mixing and water exchange, but it has been a matter of concern for local resource users due to salinity increase in the lagoon. Therefore, the study was focused in salt water intrusion into lagoon and upstream areas and its impact on water quality and drinking water wells of surroundings areas. Monthly mean salinity of the lagoon varied strongly from 20 psu to 34.5 psu in relation to the monsoon rains. During the drought, due to the water level difference between lagoon and the canal created a salt water intrusion into upstream areas through the sluice gates, even the gates were closed. During the period of high salinity (Feburary and March) of the lagoon, surface and bottom salinity levels of the upstream area were 16 and 22 psu respectively due to saltwater intrusion through the anicut at Warabokka. Moreover, the water exchange and mixing of the lagoon is governed by the gravitational circulation. However during the dry season, tide plays a major role for salt water intrusion and mixing creating well mixed condition. Thus, the lagoons can be classified as a partially mixed estuary. The faunal and the floral compositions of the lagoon had changed markedly due to salt water intrusion. Present analysis indicated that the salinity, dissolved oxygen content and chlorophyll - a content mostly affected the abundance and diversity of zooplankton in the Koggala lagoon. Construction of barrier across the rock-fill groyne may minimize the salt water intrusion.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None