ID: 56437
Title: Removal of some heavy metals from aqueous effluents by adsorption on egg shells
Author: K S Geetha and S L Belagali
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Adsorption, heavy metals, egg shell carbon, acid treatment, metal comples
Abstract: The application of adsorption techniques for the removal of heavy metals is quite popular and activated carbon is universally used as an adsorbent. However higher costs of its preparation and regeneration have led to a search for alternative sorbents, especially in the devleoping countries. A number of sorbents are used to remove metals by adsorption from industrial effluents, like rice husks, barks, cotton wastes, coal, clay, hair, saw dust etc. Therefore, as an alternative, Egg Shell Carbon (ESC), a low cost sorbent was used in the present work, for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous effluents. The results of the batch adsorption studies indicate that, the efficiency of heavy metals removal by egg shell carbon is comparable to that of commercially available activated carbon. The results of the batch adsorption studies indicate that, the efficiency of heavy metals removal by egg shell carbon is comparable to that of comercially available activated carbon. The parameters affecting the sorption process are also discussed in the present paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56436
Title: Impact of environmental pollutants on microbial load (pathogens) in Akkulam-Veli lake
Author: Sini Bhadrasenan Pushpangadan and C Radhakrishnan Nair
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Environment, degradation, water pollution
Abstract: The present study reports bacterial load and species composition of bacteria at six sites in Akkulam Velli lake, Kerala, India. Both the species composition and total bacterial load was found to be considerably affected by the type of pollution.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56435
Title: Treatment on removal of turbidity and iron in rain water for drinking purpose in rural sector
Author: V Vasu, R Joshua and P Vincent
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Rural technology, water treatment, rain water, removal of turbidity and iron
Abstract: The present study reports use of Moringa oleifra seeds in water purification. The technology was found to be highly effective in removal of turbidity and iron.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56434
Title: Occurrence of fluoride in ground water and ground water quality in rural area of Tirunelveli district
Author: D Santhi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water quality, fluoride ion, spectrophotometer, ground water
Abstract: Fluoride concentration in ground water and ground water quality parameters in ground water samples from three villages of Tirunelveli District were assessed. It is found that fluoride concentration in groudn water is heterogeneously distributed and more than 1 ppm, which is much above the permissible limits prescribed by ICMR. Fluoride content upto 1 ppm is considered as "safe" and fluoride beyond that limit leads to dental and skeletal fluorosis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56433
Title: Nutrient dynmics in the spentwash applied soil in a laboratory incubation experiment
Author: P Kalaiselvi and S Mahimairaja
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Spentwash, levels of spentwash, mineralization, nutrient dynamics
Abstract: Distillery spentwash contains all nutrients and organic matter and used in agricultural as a source of plant nutrients and irrigation water. Besides all the nutrients, spentwash contains appreciable amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The effect of different levels of spentwash application on soil nutrient dynmics was examined through a laboratory closed incubation experiment. Application of different levels of spentwash had significant influence on soil N and P in soil. Both the NH4-N and No3-N fractions markedly increased with increase in the levels of spentwash (140 m3). Results hsow that the spentwash not obly adds mineral N (NH4-N and NO3-N) to soil, but also promotes the mineralization of soil organic N, thus resulting in large amounts of NH4-N and NO3-N in soil. The application of different levels of spentwash markedly increased the concentration of P also in the soil. Significant difference was observed in various P fractions during the incubation experiment. The increase in all the fractions of P might also be due to the dissolution of soil mineral P (apatite P). The present study was, therefore, undertaken to study the nutrient dynamics in soil under spentwash application and its impact on soil and environmental quality.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56432
Title: Study on wetlands of Guwahati : (6). Effect of sewage on the liver of fish Heteropneustes fossils
Author: J C Kalita, B K Baruah, R Ahmed, S K Choudhury and M Das
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Wetland, Sewage, liver, Heteropneustes fossilis
Abstract: All types of domestic, municipal and industrial waste together constitute the city sewage. It is highly polluted with regards to physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In the present experiment, fish Heteropneustes fossilis was exposed to the sewage of Guwahati City for a period of 180 days and the liver histology was studied after every 30 days interval. The liver exhibited marked change in the histopattern showing gradually increase in liver damagae including vacuolation, degeneration, haemorrhage and fibrotic change in liver cells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56431
Title: Assessment of water quality parameters in Kodumudiaru dam at Nanguneri taluk of Tirunelveli district
Author: D Santhi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Dam water, fluoride, physico-chemical characteristics of water
Abstract: The present work deals with the quality of water parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity, chloride, salinity and fluoride in Kodumudiaru dam water. These parameters are recorded by means of collecting twenty samples of water from the dam and near by ponds connected through canal. Experimental analysis shows that concentration of fluoride in surface water is less than 1 ppm, which is the permissible limit. The other parameters are also present within the limit.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56430
Title: Rish assessment - A tool to minimize the accidents
Author: N A Siddiqui, R T Selvan and Akbar Ziauddin
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Risk assessment, Industrial accidents, hazards
Abstract: Accidents in industries are common features in most of the industries. Introduction of multinational companies in India and some major accidents worldwide like Flexibrough, Seveso and Bhopal gas tragedy have opened the eyes of regulatory agencies and industry owners. Safer design and intrinsic safe equipment are now used in the industries to avoid accidents but still accidents happen due to one reason or another and that causes direct and indirect losses to the company and some time to the Nation. Concept of risk analysis and management is introduced to prioritize the risk and how to control it. Risk analysis is also part of Environmental Impact Assessment and also it is mandatory requirement by Insurance Companies to take the insurance of the company. In this paper an attempt has been made to give the concept of risk assessment, steps of conducting risk assessment and advantages of this study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56429
Title: Haematological effect of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on snakehead fish, Channa punctatus
Author: Sonal Singh, Anjana Bansal and R K Goel
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Haematology, aqueous extract, Euphorbia tirucalli, Channa punctatus
Abstract: The aim of this study was to asses the impact of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on snakehead fish, Channa punctatus. The median lethal concentration (LC 50) value of aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on Channa punctatus was 46.5 mg/L for 30-hours of exposure. The two different sub-lethal doses (20% and 40% of 30 h-LC50) were administered to experimental fish for 30 - hours and 60-hours exposure time. Some haematological parameters were analyzed to determin the influence of aqueous extract fo Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex on the channa punctatus. The range values obtained for the Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Haemoglobin Concentration (HbC) and Specific Gravity significantly lower, while Lymphocytes, Basophils, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) significantly higher at both of sub-lethal doses (20% and 40% of 30h - LC50). Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values showed differently. Aqueous extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex could lead to alterations in morphological parameters of the blood of Channa punctatus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56428
Title: Studies on physico chemical characteristics of the molasses effluent
Author: S Gershome Daniel Rajadurai and S Dawood Sharief
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Molasses effluent, physico-chemical parameters
Abstract: Molasses is a viscous by product of the processing of sugar cane or sugar beet in to sugar. For the present study, the effluent samples were collected from lactic acid manufacture unit using molasses as a raw material at SIDCO industrial estate, Thiruvallur, Chennai. The physico chemical parameters of the effluent viz, colour, odour, pH and Ec, were determined following the methods of APHA (2005). Salinity, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Hardness, Biocarbonates, Alkalinity, Chloride, Nitrites, Calcium, Sulphate, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Total free sugars (Glucose) of both the effluents (untreated and industry treated) were also studied following standard methods. Parameters mentioned earlier were studied immediately after collection of the effluent.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56427
Title: Impact of biopesticide on the ovaries of freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctatus
Author: K G Themaskar, S S Gijare, K M Kulkarni and V T Tantarpale
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biopesticides, Ophiocephalus punctatus, fish
Abstract: The present study evaluated gonadal changes of the freshwater fish Ophiocephalus punctatus exposed to sublethal concentration of Azadiracta indica 1.1 ml/ L at 72 hrs. The changes were observed on gonadosomatic index and also observed in ovaries of treated fishes. The gonadosomatic index showed decreased trend in male and female. The flacid and degenerative stages of ovaries follicles, necrosis of oocyte, shrinkage and interfollicular odema were observed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56426
Title: Evalution of surface water quality using multivariate statistical studies in a part of Cauvery river, Tamil nadu, India
Author: S Hema and T Subramani
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: River water quality, water pollution, multivariate analysis
Abstract: This paper presents a study of the application of different multivariate statistical approaches for the interpretation of water quality data. The data were obtained during a monitoring programme of the surface water quality of Cauvery River in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. A number of tanneries and textile industries have been established in this region since the past three decades. It is reported that the effluents from these industries are directly discharged onto the surrounding land, irrigation fields and surface water bodies. As a result, it degrades the quality of freshwater in the study area. Thirteen parameters including trace elements (Cd, As, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb) have been monitored on 50 sampling points from a hydrogeochemical survey, conducted in the river stretch under study. The data set thus obtained was treated using R-mode factor analysis (FA) and principal component analysis (PCA). FA identified three factors responsible for data structure explaining 91% of total variance. It allowed grouping of selected parameters according to common features. The results indicated that point source pollutants are responsible for affecting the water quality of this region. This study indicates the necessity and application of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation and analysis of the data. If facilities better information about the water quality and designs some remedial techniques to prevent future contamination.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56425
Title: Trends of noise level of a developing city
Author: N A Siddiqui, Tamil Selvan, Ajay Kumar and Akbar Ziauddin
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Noise, Urban noise, noise standards
Abstract: In India the concept of categorization of different areas is still in the premature stage in most of the cities. Only few metro cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore etc. are in process to adopt the idea. The noise regulations and standards in India were introduced around a decade back and the standards were given as per the four different areas like residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive areas. The problem of noise pollution is not very clear to all because of the peculiar nature of it of being without weight and unlike other pollutants you cannot see it. The impact is also slow in most of the cases. In this paper an attempt has been made to give a picture of noise level of a city which was supposed to be a dream destination of retired people for their rest of life, as suitable location for a writer to write a poetry or story. The noise level is recorded for day and night to compare it with the national noise level standard. The value of noise levles in recorded 20 locations of the city varies from 45 dB to 86 dB whereas Leq values ranges from 50 dB to 79 dB and SEL values are on the higher side at all locations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56424
Title: Decolorization of synthetic and real polluted water by indirect electrochemical oxidation process
Author: S Anthuvan Babu, S Raja, S Sibi and P Neeraja
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Electrochemical oxidation, real polluted water, decolorization, COD, Fast Blue B Salt (FBBS)
Abstract: In this paper the Decolorization and Degradation of synthetic and real polluted water by electrochemical oxidation method were investigated. Synthetic polluted water consisting of Fast Blue B Salt (FBBS) was used as a model compound. Electrochemical degradation processes were performed using Graphite as an anode and Stainless Steel (304) as a cathode. In the bulk solution, the strong oxidizing potential of the chemicals were produced when the polluted water was passed through the electrolytic cell. The organic pollutants were oxidized to little or harmless organic molecules, carbon dioxide and water. The results indicated that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour were 75% and 88% respectively. The removal of COD and color increased by increasing voltage and chloride concentration at low pH. Due to effectiveness and ease in operation, this technique can be applied for treatment of a large volume and industrial scale of textile polluted water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56423
Title: Vermicomposting of animal wastes using an African earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) with a note on its physico-chemical features
Author: S Vijayalakshmi and G S Vijayalakshmi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (1), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Animal wastes (Goat and Sheep), Eudrilus eugeniae, Vermicompost
Abstract: The animal wastes (Goat and Sheep) collected from the rural area of Sanganaperi, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, premises was vermicomposted using an African species of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae and physico chemical features of animal wastes before and after composting was analysed, which showed that macro and micro nutrients as well as physico chemical features of animal wastes before and after composting was analysed, which showed that macro and micro nutrients as well as physico chemical features increased after vermicomposting.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None